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由于实验室测试环境条件与深海海底的原位温压环境存在较大的差异,取样测量的沉积物声学参数通常偏离海底原位状态的真实值.该文利用深水型压载式沉积声学原位测量系统,在水深超过5000 m的西太平洋海域开展了沉积物声学原位测量试验,准确获取了深海底原位状态下沉积物的声速和声衰减系数,并同步采集了沉积物柱状样品.结果显示,实验室测量的沉积物声速、声衰减系数均高于原位测量结果.通过温压校正和数据—模型对比表明,实验室声速比与原位声速比存在较大的差异,难以通过温压校正模型和频散模型完全改正,这可能与深海沉积物的结构扰动有关.较之浅海沉积物,软弱的深海沉积物结构更易受到采样过程的扰动,因而深海沉积物的声学特性测量更为困难,这表明在深海海底声学研究采用原位测量技术具有必要性.该研究标志着我国海底声学研究由浅海走向深海,对推动海底声学的深入研究具有重要意义. 相似文献
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南沙群岛海域浅层沉积物物理性质的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对南海南沙群岛海域浅层沉积物的物理性质(物理-力学性质、工程特性、声学参数)的初步研究,揭示了南沙群岛海域的海底沉积环境是制约沉积物物理性质的重要因素,它们之间的关系互相影响.同时给出了沉积物物理学参数之间的相关图解,导出一些经验关系,以利于今后的调查考察和深入研究. 相似文献
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南海北部神狐海域是我国首次获取海洋天然气水合物实物样品的海域.然而,陆坡区深水水道和海底峡谷的侵蚀以及频发的沉积物失稳,将会加剧地层对比和沉积相识别的难度,导致目前该区域典型地震相-沉积相特征、沉积体类型、成因机制和空间匹配关系等方面还缺少精细的研究,特别是第四纪以来的沉积演化涉及较少,区域内水合物形成和分布的沉积地质条件尚不清晰.基于海底地形特征的描述、层序地层格架的对比和地震资料的综合解释,本次研究在第四纪以来的沉积充填序列中识别出5种典型的地震相类型,并分析了对应的沉积体类型:进积型的陆坡、第四纪早期发育的小型浊积水道、沉积物失稳(滑移和滑塌)、海底峡谷和伴生的沉积物变形、以及深海沉积-块体流沉积的复合体.通过沉积单元的空间匹配关系,将沉积演化划分为3个阶段:浊积水道侵蚀-沉积物再沉积阶段、陆坡进积-沉积物失稳阶段、海底峡谷的侵蚀-充填阶段.研究结果表明,受第四纪早期小型浊积水道的侵蚀,再沉积的沉积物将在中-下陆坡以"近源"的方式堆积下来,可能具有相对较好的物性条件,从而可被视为适于水合物赋存的有利沉积体.进积型陆坡带来的沉积物易于发生失稳,在研究区内广泛分布,因其具有较小的沉积物颗粒粒度和较好的垂向连续性,可被认为是水合物的区域盖层.大量发育的海底峡谷及伴生的沉积物变形,将会侵蚀和破坏先前沉积的有利沉积体,使其呈现为"斑状/补丁状"的平面展布特征,进而影响了神狐海域水合物的分布.因此,神狐海域第四纪以来的沉积演化是钻探区水合物不均匀性分布的关键控制因素之一. 相似文献
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分析了天然气水合物分解引起海底斜坡不稳定性的原因,探讨了水合物分解引起沉积物层孔隙压力变化规律.以南海北部神狐海域水合物样品钻获区为研究对象,应用极限平衡法探讨了海底无限斜坡的稳定性问题,计算了设定的不同滑动面的安全系数,建立了目标不稳定区相关参数条件下的水合物分解与海底斜坡不稳定的模式图,模拟计算了不同程度的水合物分解对海底斜坡失稳的影响作用.结果表明：在假设条件下,南海神狐海域当水深为1200 m,沉积物层厚度为200 m,对于20°的较大坡角,沉积物层中5%水合物分解将引起海底斜坡失稳;斜坡坡角为5°时,沉积物层中15%水合物分解后,将会引起海底斜坡失稳;当斜坡坡角为3°或更小时,沉积物层中25%水合物分解后,将会引起海底斜坡失稳. 相似文献
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随着南海北部陆坡天然气水合物勘探工作的深入开展,在南海北部陆坡天然气水合物勘探区典型的集中了钻孔、探针和BSR三种测量方式获得的热流数据.为了解海底热流不同测量方式的差异,以及南海北部陆坡水合物勘探区的热流特征,文章以SH-2和SH-5孔作为典型站位,分别介绍三种热流测量方法并对两个站位的不同类型热流进行对比分析,结果表明:(1)在SH-2孔处探针热流与钻孔热流基本一致,但在SH-5孔处探针热流明显低于钻孔热流;采用钻孔实测沉积物平均热导率计算的SH-2和SH-5两个站位处的BSR热流都与相应钻孔热流基本一致.(2)根据地震剖面及相邻位置探针热流特征分析,SH-5站位处探针热流明显偏低,可能是受到流体活动的影响.(3)相对SH-2孔,SH-5孔具有较高的地温梯度和热流特征,可能是SH-5钻孔未钻到水合物的重要原因,而晚期泥底辟侵入可能是造成SH-5孔具有较高的温度场并导致原本赋存的水合物分解的原因. 相似文献
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南海北部陆坡稳定性定量分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
随着海洋工程的发展,海底滑坡作为一种潜在的地质灾害逐渐成为人们关注的热点.本文采用二维极限平衡法计算并分析了海底斜坡稳定性问题.通过对斜坡模型在各种条件下安全系数的计算,定量分析了斜坡内在因素(如斜坡角度、主要土力学参数)和主要触发机制(地震、快速堆积等)对安全系数的影响.理论计算表明,静态条件下,均质斜坡角度小于20°时,均处于稳定状态;对于含软弱层的斜坡,快速堆积等引起的不排水状态下斜坡安全系数明显降低,斜坡角度大于14°时就会发生失稳.拟静态条件下,当地震动峰值加速度(PGA)小于0.15g时,对于角度小于20°的均质斜坡处于稳定状态,但PGA大于0.25g时,角度大于13°的斜坡即处于失稳状态;对于含软弱层斜坡,PGA为0.1g时,角度大于10°的斜坡即处于不稳定状态;当PGA大于0.3g时,3°以上的海底斜坡即处于失稳状态,发生海底滑坡.结合南海北部陆坡海底地形、地貌特征,在静态条件下,均处于稳定状态;但在地震加载的拟静态下,根据南海北部地震动峰值加速度分布,台湾浅滩段则处于不稳定状态.这解释了该区域大陆坡折带处海底滑坡广泛发育的原因,也表明了地震是引发南海北部滑坡最主要的触发机制之一. 相似文献
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由于海底地震台站的缺乏,如何提高海域地震定位的精度是目前地震学家面临的问题之一。南海北部陆缘作为板内地震的活跃带,其微震活动在华南沿海和近海海域频发,海上由于未布设相应的地震台网,因此对近海海域地震尤其是微震的定位精度极低。利用2012年南海东北部海陆地震联测期间两台海底地震仪(Ocean Bottom Seismographs,OBS)所记录到的南澳外海域发生的ML2.8级地震为例,对比分析OBS数据加入前后对地震定位结果的影响。这是首次在南海北部陆缘利用OBS联合陆上地震台网对天然地震进行定位的对比研究,结果说明了近海海域OBS的布设将会对我国沿海地震定位精度的提升、地震活动性的特征以及海域断裂构造的研究具有极其重要的意义。 相似文献
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地震剖面与海水物性之间的关系是地震海洋学亟待研究的关键问题之一.本文选取地中海涡旋、各大洋不同纬度和南海东北部不同月份的三组CTD资料,按海域、季节和深度对法向相对贡献进行计算和分析,并从地中海涡旋CTD资料中选取典型温盐界面进行非法向相对贡献的研究.结果表明声速和温度的平均法向相对贡献随着海域、季节和深度呈相似性变化,其变化范围主要由相邻海水团之间的物性差异决定,分别为78%~94%和74%~98%.声速和温度(密度和盐度)的非法向相对贡献随着入射角的增加而增大(减小).用于反演的叠前地震数据应尽量包含较宽入射角范围的道集,特别是对于相对贡献较小的密度和盐度,包含小入射角的地震道对提高反演结果的精度尤为重要.通过对比地中海涡旋的Turner角剖面和相对贡献结果,发现Turner角对相对贡献具有很好的指示作用,其密度和盐度相对贡献较大的区域对应于Turner角为-45°的双稳定区域与扩散对流区域的边界附近,在此区域的密度比为零或较小.南北极附近海域的密度比较小,从而导致高纬度站位出现声速和温度相对贡献偏小的现象.南海东北部冬季表层海水的温度和声速相对贡献偏大则可能是由于黑潮侵入导致海水层温度差异及密度比变大引起. 相似文献
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南海北部陆坡包括神狐海域在内无论在横向上还是纵向上影响水合物形成与分布的地质因素差异较大,其气源条件的变化是否为一种重要因素值得探索.本文将前人南海北部陆坡气源类型和气体组成概括为14种情况,分别运用模拟手段定量-半定量地分析它们对水合物成藏可能带来的影响.模拟结果显示,与神狐海域已知水合物相比,不同气体组成形成水合物所需温度条件增大0.49~5.44℃,多数增大2℃以上.可以看出,不同气体组成明显改变水合物的形成条件,暗示着不同类型气源可能是影响南海北部陆坡水合物形成与分布的重要因素. 相似文献
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Elementary study of physical properties on surface sediments in Nansha Islands sea area 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bo Lu 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1997,40(5):547-552
Elementary studies on surface sediment physical properties (physical-mechanic property, engineering features, acoustic parameters)
of the Nansha Islands sea area in the South China Sea reveal that the seabed sedimentary environments are important factors
of controlling sediment physical properties and the relations between them affect one another. At the same time, the relative
figures of sediment physical properties and some experienced relations are given, which are beneficial to the later research
and further studies.
Project of the Multidisciplinary Oceanographic Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to the Nansha Islands in the South
China Sea. 相似文献
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Provenance of a prominent sediment drift on the northern slope of the South China Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The sedimentation rate of the sediment drift in the southeast of Dongsha Islands is as high as 49 cm/ka in the last 1.05 Ma. Although the sedimentation rate changes with time, the contents of rare elements of the sediments remain almost the same, indicating that the source area of the sediments has been constant with time. On the triangular diagrams of La-Th-Sc and Th-Sc-Zr/10, the samples from the southeast of Dongsha Islands fall within the continental island arc field, overlapping the samples from Taiwan, while the samples from the Pearl River, those from the west of the Philippines that contain volcanic material, are separated from them. This indicates that the sediments from the southeast of Dongsha Islands have a close relationship to those from Taiwan in terms of provenance. In fact, the sediments on the northern slope of the South China Sea were derived from northeast direction, as well as from Taiwan, most probably transported from Taiwan through Penghu channel into the South China Sea. The terrigenous part of the deep-sea sediments in the north of the South China Sea was provided by different sources. 相似文献
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ShaoHua Zhao ZhiFei Liu Quan Chen XingXing Wang JiangNan Shi HaiYan Jin JingJing Liu ZhiMin Jian 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2017,60(7):1368-1381
Sediment components and their fluxes of Cores MD12-3428(water depth: 903 m), MD12-3433(water depth: 2125 m),and MD12-3434(water depth: 2995 m), obtained along a transect on the continental slope of the northern South China Sea, have been conducted to reveal the spatiotemporal variations and the controlling factors of the sediment components and of their fluxes.Results show that deep-sea sediments in the northern South China Sea are composed mainly of terrigenous(59–89%) and carbonate(6–38%) particles, with minor components of opal(1.6–9.4%) and organic matter(0.7–1.9%). Fluxes of terrigenous and carbonate particles reach up to 2.4–21.8 and 0.4–6.5 g cm–2 kyr–1, respectively, values that are one to two orders of magnitude higher than the fluxes of opal and organic matter. Temporal variations of the percentages and fluxes of deep-sea sediment components have displayed clear glacial-interglacial cyclicity since the last glaciation. Terrigenous, opal, and organic matter percentages and their fluxes increas clearly during marine isotope stage 2, while carbonate percentages and fluxes show an opposite variation pattern or are characterized by an unremarkable increase. This implies that deep-sea carbonate in the South China Sea is affected by the dilution of terrigenous inputs during the sea-level lowstand. With increasing water depth along the transect, the terrigenous percentage increases but with largely decreased fluxes. Both the percentage and flux of carbonate decrease, while the percentages and fluxes of opal and organic matter display much more complicated variational features. The spatiotemporal variations of deep-sea sediment components and of their fluxes since the last glaciation in the northern South China Sea are strongly controlled by sea-level fluctuations. Simultaneously, terrigenous supply associated with monsoonal rainfall, marine primary productivity,and the dilution effect between terrigenous and biogenic particles, also play interconnected roles in the sediment accumulation processes. 相似文献
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国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2007CB411700)首次在南海南部大陆边缘及西南次海盆开展长排列大震源多道地震、海底地震仪(OBS)折射/反射地震等的综合地球物理探测,结合地质构造、地球化学、动力模拟等的综合研究,形成如下重要认识:南海海盆新生代发生了早、晚两期海底扩张.早期扩张发生于33.5～25 Ma... 相似文献
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南海位于太平洋板块、印澳板块和欧亚板块交汇处,自晚中生代以来历经张裂作用、海底扩张以及印藏碰撞、菲律宾海板块西向运动等构造事件的叠加改造,不仅形成了复杂多样的构造格局,而且堆积了厚薄不均的沉积层.为了考察沉积层密度改正对利用重力资料分析南海不同尺度构造特征的影响,本文利用南海各区域不同深度沉积层的地震波速度及钻孔密度等数据,建立了沉积层与沉积基底密度差随深度变化的二次函数关系式,并基于该关系式,计算了南海沉积层相对基底密度低而产生的重力异常值.结果显示,南海沉积层的重力异常值在海盆区介于-40~-60 mGal,而在堆积巨厚沉积物的莺歌海盆地可达到-135 mGal;相对于空间重力异常、布格重力异常,经沉积层重力异常改正后的地壳布格重力异常更能突出深部不同尺度的密度结构和莫霍面的起伏特征,其总水平导数模更突显了南海西北部红河断裂带的海上延伸;利用谱分析技术估算岩石圈强度时,经沉积层重力异常改正的地壳布格重力异常数据获得的岩石圈有效弹性厚度值更为符合地质实际,特别是在长条形的巨厚沉积区如莺歌海盆地和马来盆地.分析表明,重力异常的沉积层密度改正对揭示南海构造特征具有重要的意义. 相似文献
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利用地震海洋学方法在南海北部陆架和上陆坡区域发现了15个雾状层.这些雾状层的延伸长度从几千米到几十千米,厚度十几米到一百米,其顶界所处水深在135 m至715.5 m范围之间.雾状层在地震海洋学剖面上表现为强反射特征.不同于其他传统声学或光学方法,地震海洋学方法分辨率高,且能在短时间内对整个水体进行成像,可以记录到雾状层的时空变化特征,实现对雾状层的"四维"观测.南海北部上陆坡区域是内孤立波浅化、能量耗散集中的区域,在此过程中内孤立波会导致较大的波致流速,侵蚀海底使得表面沉积物再悬浮,进入水体,形成和维持雾状层的存在. 相似文献
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Yu Higuchi Yutaka Yanagimoto Kazuyoshi Hoshi Sadao Unou Fumio Akiba Kunishige Tonoike Keita Koda 《Island Arc》2007,16(3):374-393
Abstract To clarify the regional distribution and characteristics of the sedimentary deposits in the northern part of the Philippine Sea, multichannel seismic reflection surveys of 26 864 km in total length were performed. The seismic reflection data were interpreted and correlated with available Deep Sea Drilling Project/Ocean Drilling Program (DSDP/ODP) data and a general stratigraphic framework of the area was established. The sedimentary deposits in this area were divided into five layers; Units I, II, III, IV and V in ascending order. Their approximate geological ages are the Early Eocene, Middle to Late Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene and Pliocene‐Pleistocene, respectively. Seismic records were classified into three seismic facies, Facies A, B and C, on the basis of their characteristics. They were judged to represent pelagic and hemipelagic sediments of non‐volcanic origin, fine pyroclastic sediments and coarse pyroclastic or volcanic sediments, respectively, by comparing them with lithological data in the DSDP/ODP holes. From the thickness and facies distributions of these sediments, a sedimentary history in the area was reconstructed as follows. The oldest sediments in the study area, Unit I, interfinger with some parts of the Daito Ridge (acoustic basement) in the Minami Daito Basin. The geological age of the unit is estimated by microfossils in the sediment and supports the idea that this part of the Daito Ridge is composed of the Early Eocene oceanic basalt. Later, a fair amount of sediments were deposited in the Minami Daito Basin in the Middle to Late Eocene age. A large volume of volcanic materials was supplied from the Paleo‐Kyushu‐Palau Ridge in the Kita Daito Basin in the Eocene and Oligocene ages. The eastern part of the Shikoku and Parece Vela basins is characterized by volcanic sediments supplied from the Nishi Shichito and West Mariana Ridges in the Miocene age. However, pelagic and hemipelagic sediments prevail in the northern part of the Shikoku Basin in the Miocene or later. In short, the area of principal sedimentation has generally shifted from west to east through geological time, reflecting the evolution of the island arc systems with the same trend in the northern Philippine Sea. 相似文献