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1.
基于裂缝诱导各向异性和双相介质理论,对裂缝诱导的具有水平对称轴的横向各向同性（HTI）双孔隙介质的本构关系进行了研究,与等效连续介质模型相结合,综合考虑裂缝系统和基质孔隙系统的两种孔隙度和两种渗透率参数,得到裂缝诱导HTI双孔隙介质的等效孔隙度和等效渗透率,进而得到介质的运动平衡方程;并进一步推导出介质的一阶速度-应力方程.采用交错网格高阶有限差分法对模型进行了数值模拟,结果揭示了介质中两套系统的存在对其波场传播特征的影响,为进一步研究实际地球介质的波场特征奠定了基础. 相似文献
2.
在裂缝诱导各向异性理论研究中通常使用等效HTI介质来近似多组裂缝所引起的综合效应.由于构造运动的复杂性，多组裂缝普遍存在于地壳与油气储层中.为了研究多组裂缝的地震属性特征，分析常用的等效HTI模型对于多组裂缝近似精度及附加裂缝对介质属性特征的影响，本文利用线性滑移模型进行了多组垂直裂缝的单斜各向异性等效介质理论计算，并利用空间搜索方法求取与其最为接近的HTI介质各向异性弹性参数.重点研究了在两种各向异性介质中纵波速度、快慢横波速度和极化特征及其差异，量化分析附加裂缝对于地震属性如速度、极化方向和走时等的影响，研究对附加裂缝敏感的地震属性.此研究结果和方法为进一步研究多组裂缝的反演及识别方法提供基础，同时对于将高阶对称性各向异性介质中已存在的计算方法应用于低阶对称性时的适用程度、精度分析及相关方法研究具有重要作用. 相似文献
3.
长波长假设条件下，各向同性背景地层中发育一组平行排列的垂直裂缝可等效为具有水平对称轴的横向各向同性（HTI）介质.基于不同观测方位的岩石地震响应特征变化，宽方位地震数据不仅可实现裂缝岩石弹性参数与各向异性参数的预测，同时也蕴含着丰富的孔隙度等储层物性参数信息.本文结合实际地震资料提出了贝叶斯框架下岩石物理驱动的储层裂缝参数与物性参数概率地震联合反演方法，首先基于AVAZ反演裂缝岩石的弹性参数与各向异性参数，并在此基础上通过统计岩石物理模型表征孔隙度、裂缝密度等各向异性介质储层参数与裂缝岩石参数的相互关联，并采用马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛（MCMC）抽样方法进行大量样本的随机模拟，使用期望最大化（EM）算法估计后验条件概率分布，最终寻找最大后验条件概率对应的孔隙度、裂缝密度等HTI裂缝介质储层参数即为反演结果.测井及实际地震数据处理表明，该方法能够稳定合理地从方位地震资料中获取裂缝岩石弹性参数与各向异性参数，并提供了一种较为可靠的孔隙度、裂缝密度等裂缝介质储层参数概率地震反演方法. 相似文献
4.
裂缝性储层孔隙指数、饱和度及裂缝孔隙度计算研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
裂缝性储层的裂缝孔隙度、饱和度和孔隙指数等参数的计算一直是测井界亟待解决的难题,它直接关系到对裂缝性储层的发育程度、含油气性、储量规模等方面的评价,前人已在这些方面做了大量的研究工作,但仍需进一步提高和深化对裂缝性储层参数计算的认识.基于考虑裂缝倾角和裂缝曲折度问题的Aguilera孔隙指数计算模型,研究了裂缝性储层孔隙指数的变化规律,研究表明裂缝性地层的孔隙指数受裂缝倾角、岩石总孔隙度、裂缝孔隙度和裂缝曲折度影响大.单组系裂缝性储层饱和度的计算采用将复合系统的孔隙指数代入阿尔奇公式的方法来计算,计算结果与目前国内仍广泛使用的基于串、并联关系建立的双重孔隙饱和度模型计算结果存在较大差别.对比分析了利用成像测井和三种基于双侧向资料的裂缝孔隙度计算模型计算的裂缝孔隙度,表明不同裂缝孔隙度模型计算的裂缝孔隙度大小差别较大.基于双侧向的裂缝孔隙度计算模型只适用于特低孔或致密地层,在由非裂缝因素引起的电阻率降低段使用该模型计算裂缝孔隙度时会出现错误,引入校正系数可拓宽模型的使用范围. 相似文献
5.
裂缝诱导的双相具有水平对称轴的横向各向同性(HTI)介质模型是由一组平行排列的垂直裂缝嵌入到统计各向同性的流体饱和多孔隙岩石中而组成的,它综合考虑了裂缝型储层岩石的各向异性和孔隙性.高精度的地震波场数值模拟技术是研究该介质中地震波传播规律的主要方法.本文结合错格伪谱法和时间分裂法,求解描述该介质中地震波传播的一阶速度-应力方程.模拟了单层和双层模型中的地震波场,并对其进行了特征分析.研究结果表明:错格伪谱法能有效消除标准网格伪谱法波场模拟结果中出现的数值伪影现象,与时间分裂法结合能够获得稳定的、高精度的模拟结果;裂缝诱导双相HTI介质中的地震波场兼具裂缝各向异性介质和双相介质中传播的地震波的波场特征. 相似文献
6.
含裂缝多孔介质渗透率预测是非常规油气资源勘探开发的一个紧迫问题.现有多孔介质岩石物理模型通常利用圆形孔管模拟宏观岩石孔隙空间,难以定量描述软孔隙/裂缝在压力作用下的闭合情况,缺乏裂缝/孔隙间流量交换的连通机制.本文提出含三维裂缝/软孔隙网络多孔介质模型,将储层岩石裂缝/软孔隙表示为椭圆截面微管,建立了周期性压力作用下微观裂缝流量表达式,通过网络模型和流量守恒条件,得到含有三维裂缝/软孔隙网络的多孔介质渗透率计算方法.数值算例表明,预测结果与实验数据分布范围吻合很好,能够给出不同类型岩心对应孔隙纵横比的分布图.三维裂缝/软孔隙网络模型建立了宏观可观测量与裂缝参数之间关系,能够定量分析岩石渗透率随裂缝体密度、纵横比、孔隙流体类型和围压等因素的变化规律,为复杂条件下储层渗透率预测提供了一种有效方法. 相似文献
7.
波场在含流体的孔隙介质中传播时会产生频散和衰减现象.波场的频散和衰减与孔隙介质的岩石物理属性有关,包括孔隙度、渗透率、流体属性等.现有的三维裂缝/软孔隙网络模型利用椭圆截面纵横比的变化模拟从扁裂缝、软孔隙到硬孔隙的多种情况,而未考虑同时包含孔隙和裂缝的全局性网络空间.为了更好地描述裂缝-孔隙空间,本文提出同时包含裂缝和孔隙的三维裂缝-孔隙网络模型,并给出渗透率的计算方法.通过体积平均法推导了三维裂缝/软孔隙网络模型和三维裂缝-孔隙网络模型的波动方程,利用平面波分析方法得到纵波频散/衰减曲线的表达式,同时应用数值模拟研究了总孔隙度、裂缝孔隙度、裂缝纵横比、裂缝数密度、孔隙流体黏度对纵波衰减和速度频散特征的影响.结果表明,在三维裂缝-孔隙网络模型下,总孔隙度、裂缝参数等对纵波频散衰减特征的影响与三维裂缝/软孔隙网络模型相似.具体表现为:纵波在高频段内出现频散和衰减现象.孔隙度的变化主要影响逆品质因子曲线峰值的大小;裂缝数密度主要控制速度显著变化的范围;裂缝纵横比对纵波速度和特征频率有显著影响. 相似文献
8.
致密砂岩气储层具有低孔、低渗的特征,裂缝的存在可以提高储层的渗透率,同时裂缝是油气重要的储存空间和运移通道,裂缝发育也有利于水力压裂过程中裂缝网络的形成,裂缝预测可为致密砂岩气储层的开发和部署提供重要依据.地震振幅随方位角的变化可以提供储层中垂直裂缝的信息,本文针对HTI介质提出了一种改进的方位振幅差异反演方法,并结合岩石物理理论预测表征裂缝性质的裂缝弱度参数.常规的反演方法一般同时反演弹性参数和裂缝参数,改进的方位振幅差异方法引入一个参考方位,构建消除各向同性背景的方位振幅差异道集,仅反演与各向异性项相关的裂缝弱度参数,充分利用方位各向异性响应,提高裂缝识别的敏感性与裂缝参数反演的准确性.实际数据应用表明,方位振幅差异反演方法对裂缝参数预测的敏感性较常规方法有所提高,预测的裂缝弱度与测井渗透率曲线相吻合,并且与致密砂岩气储层产气性具有明显的相关性.因此,利用方位振幅差异方法预测裂缝分布及其发育程度可为致密砂岩储层含气有利区的识别与开发提供可靠的指标. 相似文献
9.
《地球物理学进展》2020,(3)
岩石力学模型是描述地层原地应力状态的基础,而常规各向同性模型难以刻画地层本征横观各向同性(VTI)和天然高角度裂缝的耦合作用,建立更为准确的正交各向异性模型变得尤为重要.本文利用VTI介质中发育单组垂直缝的Schoenberg裂缝等效模型,简化了一般正交各向异性介质的表征参数,推导了由背景VTI介质弹性参数和裂缝参数的各向异性杨氏模量、泊松比和水平地应力的精确方程.借鉴Thomsen弱各向异性近似思路,舍去裂缝弱度参数高阶扰动项,推导了正交各向异性介质岩石力学近似方程,由裂缝弱度表示的近似方程更为直观地反映了裂缝对背景介质力学性质的影响,杨氏模量和泊松比值随裂缝法向弱度的增大而显著减小.选取页岩实验数据进行数值实验,结果表明本文方程与实际物理规律相吻合,随裂缝弱度的增加,形成相同应变所需的水平地应力值降低,且近似方程与模拟结果相对误差小于5%,有助于提高岩石力学参数估算和地应力预测精度. 相似文献
10.
碳酸盐岩组成复杂,储集层空间类型多,储层参数的规律性较差,AVO响应特征弱,尤其是孔隙形状对弹性参数的影响不可忽略.针对碳酸盐岩储层的特点,基于自洽模型和微分等效模型构建了多孔隙结构条件下多相介质的碳酸盐岩岩石物理模型.按照各相介质体积含量由小到大的顺序,先利用自洽模型计算孔隙度为50%时的双相等效介质,再通过微分等效模型将孔隙度调整至实际孔隙度,计算实际孔隙条件下的双相介质等效体,重复迭代该过程,最终构建出与实际岩石等效的介质体,计算获得等效岩石的弹性模量参数.通过实验对比了自洽模型、微分等效模型与自洽-微分等效模型的岩石弹性模量与孔隙度、孔隙纵横比之间的适用性规律.最后基于四川龙岗飞仙关组实际测井资料,结合自洽-微分等效模型进行了目标地层的横波预测.结果显示该模型的横波预测效果相对Xu-Payne模型预测,两者预测曲线比较接近,但在形态上更接近实际横波.SCA-DEM模型在孔隙度和孔隙纵横比上具有更好的适应性,为碳酸盐岩孔洞型储层的岩石物理建模提供了一种新参考. 相似文献
11.
A model of parallel slip interfaces simulates the behaviour of a fracture system composed of large, closely spaced, aligned joints. The model admits any fracture system anisotropy: triclinic (the most general), monoclinic, orthorhombic or transversely isotropic, and this is specified by the form of the 3 × 3 fracture system compliance matrix. The fracture system may be embedded in an anisotropic elastic background with no restrictions on the type of anisotropy. To compute the long wavelength equivalent moduli of the fractured medium requires at most the inversion of two 3 × 3 matrices. When the fractures are assumed on average to have rotational symmetry (transversely isotropic fracture system behaviour) and the background is assumed isotropic, the resulting equivalent medium is transversely isotropic and the effect of the additional compliance of the fracture system may be specified by two parameters (in addition to the two isotropic parameters of the isotropic background). Dilute systems of flat aligned microcracks in an isotropic background yield an equivalent medium of the same form as that of the isotropic medium with large joints, i.e. there are two additional parameters due to the presence of the microcracks which play roles in the stress-strain relations of the equivalent medium identical to those played by the parameters due to the presence of large joints. Thus, knowledge of the total of four parameters describing the anisotropy of such a fractured medium tells nothing of the size or concentration of the aligned fractures but does contain information as to the overall excess compliance due to the fracture system and its orientation. As the aligned microcracks, which were assumed to be ellipsoidal, with very small aspect ratio are allowed to become non-fiat, i.e. have a growing aspect ratio, the moduli of the equivalent medium begin to diverge from the standard form of the moduli for flat cracks. The divergence is faster for higher crack densities but only becomes significant for microcracks of aspect ratios approaching 0.3. 相似文献
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13.
Numerical simulations of variable-density flow and solute transport have been conducted to investigate dense plume migration for various configurations of 2D fracture networks. For orthogonal fractures, simulations demonstrate that dispersive mixing in fractures with small aperture does not stabilize vertical plume migration in fractures with large aperture. Simulations in non-orthogonal 2D fracture networks indicate that convection cells form and that they overlap both the porous matrix and fractures. Thus, transport rates in convection cells depend on matrix and fracture flow properties. A series of simulations in statistically equivalent networks of fractures with irregular orientation show that the migration of a dense plume is highly sensitive to the geometry of the network. If fractures in a random network are connected equidistantly to the solute source, few equidistantly distributed fractures favor density-driven transport. On the other hand, numerous fractures have a stabilizing effect, especially if diffusive transport rates are high. A sensitivity analysis for a network with few equidistantly distributed fractures shows that low fracture aperture, low matrix permeability and high matrix porosity impede density-driven transport because these parameters reduce groundwater flow velocities in both the matrix and the fractures. Enhanced molecular diffusion slows down density-driven transport because it favors solute diffusion from the fractures into the low-permeability porous matrix where groundwater velocities are smaller. For the configurations tested, variable-density flow and solute transport are most sensitive to the permeability and porosity of the matrix, which are properties that can be determined more accurately than the geometry and hydraulic properties of the fracture network, which have a smaller impact on density-driven transport. 相似文献
14.
高角度缝隙充填的碳酸盐岩储层可以等效为具有水平对称轴的横向各向同性介质.本文提出了适用于裂缝型碳酸盐岩的岩石物理模型构建流程,重点介绍了在碳酸盐岩各向同性背景中,综合利用微小裂隙模型和线性滑动模型添加缝隙系统,并分析了当缝隙充填不同流体时,各向异性参数随纵横波速比的变化特征.同时本文讨论了裂缝密度和缝隙充填流体对地震反射系数的影响,推导了不同类型流体充填时储层反射系数与裂缝密度的近似关系式,阐述了各向异性流体替换理论,最终实现饱含流体碳酸盐岩裂缝储层的纵横波速度和各向异性参数的估测.选取某碳酸盐岩工区A井对该方法进行试算,结果表明基于碳酸盐岩裂缝岩石物理模型估算的纵横波速度值与测井值吻合较好,而且估测所得的各向异性参数值也能够较好地反映出裂缝储层位置. 相似文献
15.
Porosity, permeability, and fluid flow in the Yellowstone geothermal system, Wyoming 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Patrick F. Dobson Timothy J. Kneafsey Jeffrey Hulen Ardyth Simmons 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,123(3-4):313-324
Cores from two of 13 U.S. Geological Survey research holes at Yellowstone National Park (Y-5 and Y-8) were evaluated to characterize lithology, texture, alteration, and the degree and nature of fracturing and veining. Porosity and matrix permeability measurements and petrographic examination of the cores were used to evaluate the effects of lithology and hydrothermal alteration on porosity and permeability. The intervals studied in these two core holes span the conductive zone and the upper portion of the convective geothermal reservoir. Variations in porosity and matrix permeability observed in the Y-5 and Y-8 cores are primarily controlled by lithology. Y-8 intersects three distinct lithologies: volcaniclastic sandstone, perlitic rhyolitic lava, and non-welded pumiceous ash-flow tuff. The sandstone typically has high permeability and porosity, and the tuff has very high porosity and moderate permeability, while the perlitic lava has very low porosity and is essentially impermeable. Hydrothermal self-sealing appears to have generated localized permeability barriers within the reservoir. Changes in pressure and temperature in Y-8 correspond to a zone of silicification in the volcaniclastic sandstone just above the contact with the perlitic rhyolite; this silicification has significantly reduced porosity and permeability. In rocks with inherently low matrix permeability (such as densely welded ash-flow tuff), fluid flow is controlled by the fracture network. The Y-5 core hole penetrates a thick intracaldera section of the 0.6-Ma Lava Creek ash-flow tuff. In this core, the degree of welding appears to be responsible for most of the variations in porosity, matrix permeability, and the frequency of fractures and veins. Fractures are most abundant within the more densely welded sections of the tuff. However, the most prominent zones of fracturing and mineralization are associated with hydrothermal breccias within densely welded portions of the tuff. These breccia zones represent transient conduits of high fluid flow that formed by the explosive release of overpressure in the underlying geothermal reservoir and that were subsequently sealed by supersaturated geothermal fluids. In addition to this fracture sealing, hydrothermal alteration at Yellowstone appears generally to reduce matrix permeability and focus flow along fractures, where multiple pulses of fluid flow and self-sealing have occurred. 相似文献
16.
本文基于Biot理论,推导出Zoeppritz形式的双相介质分界面上弹性波的反射与透射公式,对单相Zoeppritz公式与双相反射系数公式进行了比较,对双相介质含油、水、气不同流体时的反射规律以及孔隙度、渗透率、饱和度等储层参数对纵波反射的影响进行了研究.数值模拟分析表明,双相与单相反射公式的主要差异在于双相介质反射公式中考虑了液相、固液耦合相弹性模量的影响;油砂、水砂、气砂岩的慢P波反射差异明显;快P波反射对孔隙度的变化敏感,饱和度次之,对渗透率和频率的变化不敏感. 相似文献
17.
We present a method to determine equivalent permeability of fractured porous media. Inspired by the previous flow-based upscaling methods, we use a multi-boundary integration approach to compute flow rates within fractures. We apply a recently developed multi-point flux approximation Finite Volume method for discrete fracture model simulation. The method is verified by upscaling an arbitrarily oriented fracture which is crossing a Cartesian grid. We demonstrate the method by applying it to a long fracture, a fracture network and the fracture network with different matrix permeabilities. The equivalent permeability tensors of a long fracture crossing Cartesian grids are symmetric, and have identical values. The application to the fracture network case with increasing matrix permeabilities shows that the matrix permeability influences more the diagonal terms of the equivalent permeability tensor than the off-diagonal terms, but the off-diagonal terms remain important to correctly assess the flow field. 相似文献