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地震是地壳内某些特殊部位的岩石断裂快速传播事件的伴生现象,所谓“特殊部位”系指具备一定构造条件和岩石条件的场所,在一定的地应力场作用下,这种部位能够引起地应力集中及至地应力重复集中,并且存积畸变应变能,因此,研究和勘查现今地应力场作用下 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2015,(1)
本文从分析研究固体潮与地震发生的相关性的物理机制出发,探讨了用观测固体潮的方法来预测地震发生的可能性.首先,根据地震发生的物理力学过程,给出了地震产生所需要的应力应变条件.实验室岩石力学实验结果和地震应力的观测以及计算结果给出,完整地壳岩石的强度界于10~103 MPa之间,断层介质的强度界于1~10~2 MPa之间.其次,将固体潮所引起的全球地壳变形在某个活动断裂带附近产生的形变值与地震触发的应变值进行对比,讨论了固体潮触发地震的可能性.计算分析表明:固体潮在地表对应的应变在10~(-8)的量级,对岩石介质所引起的应力最高可以达到1.6×10~(-2)MPa量级,这样的载荷水平不足以引发地震.最后,本文结合固体潮观测资料表明,地震活动性与固体潮的周期性变化无明显相关性,固体潮对于临震前的含有活动断裂的岩体在某个方向发生地震可能有触发作用,但是由于这种触发作用与地震发震的时间、地点和震级关系的不确定性,从而无法用来作为地震预测的方法. 相似文献
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本文从弹性力学观点说明,在地表土层中测量地应力是可行的。试验了电阻式土层应力观测中能突出临震前兆的支撑架埋设法。得出了对半径300公里范围内5级以上地震易于识别的临震标志,对这个范围内5级以下地震也有程度不同的前兆反应。提出了确定发震趋势方位和临震发震方位的应变模量图。用电子计算机对实测数据进行处理,可以求出震前主应力方向及计算应力值。观测实验证明,发震方位与主应力方向有一定对应关系。 相似文献
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据岩石在地壳温度条件下的实验结果:只要循环加载,应力与应变便无单值关系。因为现代构造应力场是在时增时减地变化着,所以定点长期连续观测的地应力台站,不能根据地应变值来换算地应力,而需通过弹性选测法和应力平衡法来确定 相似文献
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一、对震源电场 的初步认识 在地壳运动的过程中。地壳的不同部位受到挤压、拉伸、旋扭等力的作用。当物体受到外力的时候,在它的内部同时产生了一个与此外力相对抗以保持平衡的力,称它为内力。单位面积上的内力称为应力。地应力就是地壳中岩石的应力。由于地壳中岩石受到地应力的作用,在某些部位,例如大断裂带的两端、拐弯、分叉和交汇部位以及断陷盆地的地方,形成一些孕震体。 相似文献
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慢地震慢前兆的机制研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
通过岩石高温高压破裂实验与有机玻璃破裂试验的应力—应变曲线对比、地震波形记录(观测资料)与试样破裂波形(实验资料)对比、地震前后定点应变与主破裂前后应变形态变化的对比，认为慢地震是临界或亚临界破裂或预先滑动所致，是低频应变波动。它是材料屈服、弱化或塑性变化的必然结果。而慢前兆则是临近大地震(大破裂)前出现的诸如形变、低频地震波(破裂弹性波)等的短期及临震前兆现象，它比较可靠。但由于许多岩石主破裂前并无明显的临界破裂或预滑动现象，也并非所有岩石都一定出现明显屈服，所以也并非每个地震前都有慢地震，因此，也就不一定都出现低频波动。从而，也并不一定都出现相同的短期、临震前兆现象。 相似文献
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本文用平面应变理论,结合按地壳深度增加的地温计算公式,计出自地面以下约10公里内的地壳为弹性层,10—20公里深度为弹塑性层,20公里以下至地壳底部为粘弹性层。由于地应力在弹塑性层内可以达到岩石的屈服强度,大于其他两层的地应力,故这一层即为线源地震经常发生的地层。具体数字例子是以唐山地区为例。 相似文献
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随着地球动力学和深部能源开发利用等研究工作的不断深入,深部应力状态的研究越来越重要,但目前尚没有即经济又简便完善的深部三维地应力测量方法.基于岩芯的非弹性应变恢复法是近年来发展起来的深部三维应力测量方法.汶川5·12地震后,中国大陆首次将该方法应用于科学钻孔的地应力测量.本文详细介绍了这一方法现场测量岩芯非弹性恢复应变的基本流程,并对此法测量的岩芯首次开展了岩石非弹性应变恢复柔量的实验研究,将现场非弹性应变测量与室内非弹性应变恢复柔量实验相结合,确定汶川地震科学钻一号孔(WFSD-1)1173 m处最大主应力方向为NW64°,实测得到岩石的剪切与体积模式非弹性应变恢复柔量的比值为2.9,计算得到最大、中间和最小主应力分别为43,28和25 MPa.结合龙门山地区其他方法的地应力测量结果,表明龙门山断裂带从NE到SW现今最大主应力作用方向表现为由EW→NEE→NWW的变化规律,龙门山断裂带现今地应力作用方向的分段性特征与5·12汶川地震时龙门山断裂带西南段逆冲为主,东北段走滑为主的运动特点相吻合,研究结果对于认识汶川地震的动力学机制具有一定参考价值. 相似文献
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苏恺之 《地震地磁观测与研究》2003,24(1):65-69
1977年召开的第一届“全国地应力观测工作会议”上，我们曾就发展方向的问题达成共识：钻孔应变与应力观测的关系紧密；研制新型应变仪；应变观测由实孔法取代空孔法；对井下仪器的力学原理开展调研。经过25年对地应力观测技术的研究和钻孔设备的研制实践，证明了这些共识的正确性。在我们步入新世纪的今天，有必要再对影响今后发展的基本问题做出思考，以利于制订出更加科学的战略决策。 1 钻孔应变前兆观测的任务 通过对地层内部应变状态的精细观测，掌握地震应变前兆的（长）中期—短期—临震以及震后调整的时空分布与发展变化的规律，… 相似文献
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SATELLITE GRAVITY FIELD AND SEISMOGENIC MECHANISM IN THE LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE 
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下载免费PDF全文 Longmenshan fault zone is a famous orogenic belt and seismic zone in the southeastern Tibetan plateau of China. The Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake on May 12, 2008 and the Ya'an MS7.0 earthquake on April 20, 2013 occurred in the central-southern part of Longmenshan fault zone. Because of its complex geological structures, frequent earthquakes and special geographical locations, it has attracted the attention of many scholars around the world. Satellite gravity field has advantages in studying gravity field and gravity anomaly changes before and after earthquake. It covers wide range, can be updated regularly, without difficulty in terms of geographical restrictions, and is not affected by environmental factors such as weather, terrain and traffic. Therefore, the use of high-precision Earth satellite gravity field data inversion and interpretation of seismic phenomena has become a hot topic in earth science research. In order to understand satellite gravity field characteristics of the Longmenshan earthquake zone in the southeastern Tibetan plateau and its seismogenic mechanism of earthquake disasters, the satellite gravity data was used to present the terrain information of the study area. Then, by solving the regional gravity anomaly of the Moho surface, the crustal thickness of the study area was inverted, and the GPS velocity field data was used to detect the crustal deformation rate and direction of the study area. Combining the tectonic setting of the Longmenshan fault zone and the existing deep seismic sounding results of the previous researchers, the dynamic characteristics of the gravity time-varying field after the earthquake in the Longmenshan earthquake zone was analyzed and the mechanism of the earthquake was explored. The results show that the eastward flow of deep materials in the eastern Tibetan plateau is strongly blocked at the Longmenshan fault zone. The continuous collision and extrusion process result in a "deep drop zone" in the Moho surface, and the long-term stress effect is conducive to the formation of thrust-nappe and strike-slip structures. The Longmenshan earthquake zone was in the large-scale gradient zone of gravity change before the earthquake, the deep plastic fluid material transport velocity differed greatly, the fluid pressure was enhanced, and the rock mechanical strength in the seismic source region was weakened, which contributed to the intrusion of crustal fluid and the upwelling of the asthenosphere. As a result, the continuous accumulation of material and energy eventually led to continuous stress imbalance in the deep part and shear rupture of the deep weak structure, causing the occurrence of the thrust-nappe and strike-slip earthquake. 相似文献
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STUDY ON DYNAMIC CHANGE OF GRAVITY FIELD IN XIANSHUIHE FAULT ZONE AND THEIR RELATION TO THE OCCURRENCE OF MS ≥ 5.0 EARTHQUAKES 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Xianshuihe Fault, a main strong earthquake activity belt in southwest China, begins from Ganzi in the northwest, passes through Luhuo, Daofu, and Kangding, and then extents along the Dadu River valley. The fault is divided into two parts at Shimian, one part turns to south and converses to Anninghe Fault extending further to south, the other part, continuing to extend to southeast, cutting through Xiaoxiangling and then changing to Daliangshan Faults in the north of the Yuexi Basin, has the length of about 400km. Since 1700AD, there have happened 22 earthquakes larger than magnitude 6.0 and 8 earthquakes larger than magnitude 7.0. In this paper, we systematically collated and computed the gravity repetition measurement data along the Xianshuihe fault zone since 1988, and by referring to the anomaly index of gravity field of the predecessor achievements, analyzed the spatial-temporal variation of the regional gravity field and the relation to the occurrence of ≥ MS5.0 earthquakes. The mechanism of the regional gravity changes is further studied, and also the implication of strong earthquake risk because of the dynamic variation of gravity field in the near future is discussed.The results show that:1)The mobile gravity observation has the ability to detect crustal activity and MS ≥ 5.0 earthquake events. 2)There is definite correspondence between interannual gravitational field change and the 8 earthquakes among the 13 MS ≥ 5.0 earthquakes occurring in the surveying area since 1988, which can be determined according to the change of interannual gravitational field. Three M ≥ 6.0 earthquakes occurred 3~4 years after the abnormal image was developed, 4 earthquakes that occurred in the region of no data available were not determined. 3)A significant feature of the spatial-temporal variation of the regional gravity is a north-south run-through image before 2004, and characterized by the alternatively positive or negative variation in different year, the earthquakes of MS ≥ 5.0 occurring in this period were not distributed along the fault. Gravity variation magnitude indicates that there were two similar crustal material movement waves before 2004, corresponding to the course of earthquake space-time distribution from strong to weak in the study area. After 2010, the variation image shows that the local positive and negative zones are concurrent within a year, different from the image before 2004, and earthquakes of MS ≥ 5.0 basically occurred on the fault. It is believed that the variation of gravity field since 1988 and the seismic distribution fit with the geodynamic mode of strong and weak stages of the northeast motion of Indian plate. According to the conclusion we can try to optimize gravity anomaly index. After the Kangding earthquake in 2014, the north segment of Moxi Fault was still subject to negative high value changes till 2017 and then the gravity variation was further developed to a four quadrant distribution image. Based on the analysis of this paper and the previous variation trend of gravity field, we believe that the north segment of Moxi Fault has the background of medium-long term, strong or large earthquake risk. 相似文献
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为研究2021年甘肃阿克塞5.5级地震前震中周边的地壳变形运动特征,根据CMONOC提供的GPS观测资料,通过GPS速度场、面应变率场和站间基线时间序列分析,探讨了震前的地壳变形特征。研究结果表明,震中处于发震断层西南侧远场速度大、近场速度小且断裂两侧速度场方向明显不同的位置,同时位于与发震构造类型一致的面应变率场的压缩高值区,即挤压应变累积区。跨发震断裂的基线长度在震前3年多时间出现的转折变化,表明震前发震断裂两侧左旋走滑速率明显减缓;而断裂两侧的挤压速率有所加快则反映出本次地震前震中区域存在一定程度的应变能积累。研究结果有助于认识该地震的孕震过程,并可为相似构造类型区域的强震预测提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Wang Ruobai 《中国地震研究》2005,19(3):327-337
INTRODUCTIONThe Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault zone has drawnextensive attentionfromseismologists and geologistssince it was determinedinthe1980’s(Zheng Binghua,et al.,1981).Ma Xingyuan,et al.(1989)consideredit asthe north boundaryof North China sub-block.Int… 相似文献
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惠州断层长约20 km,宽约5 km,产状135°—150°/NE∠65°—75°,在断层露头处可见复合断层角砾岩,这反映出该断层曾发生过多次运动。为研究该断层最新活动时代及地震危险性,得到的现今惠州断层垂直形变图显示,该区明显受区域活动构造所控制,垂直形变幅度相对较小,无明显的高速度梯度带;地壳水平运动状态测点的运动速率比较小,平均为7.4 mm/a,与华南地块运动方向和大小基本保持一致,内部无明显的运动速率阶跃带和分区现象,属整体性运动地块,块体内部稳定性较好。惠州断层综合运用构造类比和经验关系的方法,最后综合确定目标区目标断层的最大震级为MS6.0,复发间隔为2351 a。该研究成果对惠州市及其邻近地区的中长期地震预报和潜在震源区判定,以及惠州市城区地震小区划、震害预测和断层危害性评价具有重要的理论和实际意义。 相似文献
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三向受压状态下地壳岩体的张性变形和张性破裂 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文叙述了处于三向受压状态的地壳岩体产生张性变形和张性破裂的原理,并以珠江三角洲地区为例说明:①岩体内应力集中点的浅部,可产生张性变形和张性破裂;②地质考察所观察到的张性或张剪性断裂,其断裂面上作用的正应力未必是拉应力,极有可能是压应力,但却一定是拉应变;③张性破裂引起的地震,震级较小,一般在4.5级以下,④地震引起的张性地裂缝的走向,就是震源应力场的主压应力方向。 相似文献
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Thedevelopmentandthevariationoftheearthquakeprocessisaverycomplicatedoneandaffectedandlimitedbymanyfactors.Thekeyoftheaccuratepredictionistosetupadynamiccomprehensivepredictionmodelbasedonthecomprehensionoftheprecursorcharacteristicandtheattentionofthevariationwithtimeofthesefactors.Inthispaper,wetrytoapplythefaultdiagnosistectonictoeanhquakeprediction.Thefaultdiagnosistectonicisanapplicableboundaryscience.Thebasicideaistojudgeifthefaultoccurinthesystemandtodeterminewhereandwhenthefaultoccuran… 相似文献
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Formation cause of thermal infrared high temperature belt along Honghe fault and its relation to earthquakes 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Introduction The relation between satellite thermal infrared anomaly and earthquakes or fault activities has been studied for more than ten years. Many researchers contribute themselves to the research field and made some progress (Gorny et al, 1988; Andrew et al, 2002; WANG and QIANG, 1995; ZHENG et al, 1996; QIANG and DIAN, 1998). In recent years, with the rapid development of satellite remote sensing technique and its wide application to the field of seismology, more and more rese… 相似文献
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通过反演由大量的纵、横波地震数据组成的综合数据集,获得了南北地震带地壳的多参数三维精细结构,探讨和分析了南北地震带的高地震活动性和强震频发的原因.成像结果表明,尽管1976年松潘一平武地震(M7.2)与2008年汶川地震(M8.0)以及2013年芦山地震(M7.0)均发生在高速、低泊松比异常区域,并且在其震源的下方均有一低速、高泊松比异常区域.我们认为,上述三个地震的触发与流体侵入导致的地壳形变之间有密切的联系.1955年炉霍地震(M7.4)和1973年康定地震(M7.1)均发生在鲜水河断裂带上,其震源中心区域表现为低速、高泊松比异常,可以解释为下地壳中的流体沿断层面上涌.在震源区的周边区域兼有高速、高泊松比异常,低速、高泊松比异常以及高速、低泊松比异常,可能分别与含流体的岩石、沿断裂带发育的变质岩以及坚硬的克拉通块体对应.流体的侵入不仅能够改变断层面上的应力情况,还能降低岩石骨架的岩石力学强度,进而触发地震.1970年云南通海大地震(M7.1)发生在哀牢山一红河断裂带附近的曲江断裂上,其震源处于高速度、低泊松比异常与低速度、高泊松比异常之间的边界区域,被认为是流体挤压后的应变能积累,最终导致脆性破裂,以至于发生地震.根据本次研究获得的多参数结构图像,结合前人的研究成果,我们认为南北地震带地壳强烈形变与流体侵入是造成该区域地震活动性较高及强震频发的两个主要因素. 相似文献