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1.
Studies of evapotranspiration (ET) processes in forests often only measure one component of total ET, most commonly interception. This study examined all three components of annual ET (interception, evaporation from the forest floor and transpiration) and the correlations between them at 18 plantation forest sites in two species. All plantations had closed canopies, and sparse or no understorey. Single‐sided leaf area index averaged 3.5 (standard deviation ±0.5) in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and 6.1 (±0.8) in Pinus radiata D.Don. Measurements included annual totals of rainfall in the open and under the canopy, stem flow (four sites only), evaporation from the forest floor and transpiration by the overstorey. Interception (I) averaged 19% (±4.9) of annual rainfall in E. globulus compared with 31% (±11.1) in P. radiata. However, higher annual interception in P. radiata did not result in higher total ET because annual evaporation from the forest floor (E) averaged 29% (±4.9) of rainfall in E. globulus but only 15% (±3.5) in P. radiata. Hence, the relative contribution of annual I plus E to ET did not differ significantly between the two species, averaging 48% (±7.3) of annual rainfall in E. globulus compared with 46% (±11.8) in P. radiata. As reported previously, transpiration did not differ significantly between the two species either, but was strongly related to depth‐to‐groundwater. In closed canopy plantations, mean annual ET did not differ between the two species. We conclude that when grown in plantations under similar soil and climatic conditions, conifer and broad‐leaved tree species can have similar annual ET, once the canopy of the plantation has closed. Lower average annual interception in broad‐leaved trees was offset by higher soil evaporation. These results highlight the importance of measuring all components of ET in studies of vegetation water use. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

2.
The aim of this research was to assess the impact caused by a long‐term pollution by fluoride and heavy metals in two soils (PS1 and PS2) near an aluminium smelter in Slovakia, on soil microbial biomass C (MBC), basal respiration, metabolic quotient (qCO2) water‐soluble organic C (WSOC) and enzymes activities involved in the C, N and P biogeochemical cycles. An unpolluted soil was used as control (C0). Results obtained for soil fluoride content reflected a gradient of fluoride exposure in topsoils of contaminated sites. Decreases in microbial and enzymatic activities and in MBC to organic C ratio were found in PS2 site, which is closer to the smelter and exhibited the highest fluoride content. PS1‐soil showed an extreme alkaline pH caused by leaching of waste effluents from the smelter dumping site, higher contents of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd, significantly larger MBC, qCO2 and catalase and urease activities, and much larger basal respiration and dehydrogenase activity than PS2 and C0‐soil. Phosphatase, β‐glucosidase and BAA‐protease were negatively correlated with WSOC, basal respiration and dehydrogenase activity, and showed some degree of inhibition in polluted sites. These results may indicate different responses of microbial communities to ecosystem disturbances, caused by the drastic changes in soil's physicochemical properties as result of the long‐term emissions of fly ash with high levels of contaminants that are still affecting soil microbial and enzymatic activities.  相似文献   

3.
The geochemical characteristics and the spatial distribution of the fluoride were studied in the soils of Indo‐Gangetic plains using multivariate analysis. The fluoride (F) distribution in soil profiles and surface soil (0–15 cm) samples were studied. It was found that total fluoride (TF) in the profiles ranged from 248 to 786 mg kg?1 with a mean of 515.1 mg kg?1 whereas CaCl2 extractable soluble fluoride (FCa) was found to be in the range of 1.68 to 99.1 mg F kg?1 soil. On the other hand, in surface soils, the TF and FCa ranged from 118 to 436 mg kg?1 with a mean of 251.2 mg kg?1 and 1.01 to 5.05 mg kg?1 with a mean of 2.12 mg kg?1, respectively, in the study area. The principal component analysis revealed that the natural weathering of fluoride bearing rock and minerals, various ion‐exchange and dissolution processes in the soil, alkalinity, sodium adsorption ratio, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and clay contents of the soil are responsible for high fluoride occurrence in the area. The fluoride contamination index developed by using these factors could explain more than 76% variance of F contamination due to FCa in soils. The interpolated kriged map of FCa in surface soil indicated a distinct loop of 1.0–2.0, 2.0–3.0, 3.0–4.0, and >4.0 mg kg?1.  相似文献   

4.
This study of litter decomposition was part of an extensive project examining the partitioning of rainfall, the associated chemistry, and litterfall in a dry sclerophyll eucalypt forest and a Pinus radiata plantation in southeastern Australia. The eucalypt species studied were Eucalyptus rossii, E. mannifera and E. dives. The components tested were Pinus radiata needles, leaves of the three eucalypt species, and the bark of E. rossii and E. mannifera. During the first 16 weeks of the decomposition experiment there was a rapid decrease in the concentrations of potassium, magnesium, sodium and phosphorus; this was attributed to leaching. During this period, concentrations of nitrogen and calcium increased for most components. After this period, decomposition became the dominant process, during which the concentrations of most elements increased. By the end of the experiment there was, compared with the initial values, a marked reduction in concentrations of sodium, magnesium and potassium for all eucalypt and pine litter. Calcium concentrations increased through time, with eucalypt bark showing a mid‐period decline. Phosphorus concentrations decreased for the eucalypt leaves but increased substantially for the pine needles and the eucalypt bark. For all components of both the eucalypts and pines, total nitrogen concentrations rose consistently throughout the decomposition period. This was attributed to the formation of nitrogen‐substituted lignin, which was more resistant to decomposition than the other nitrogen‐containing compounds, as well as some nitrogen being stored in the micro‐organisms responsible for decomposition. Because of loss of fragmented litter from the litter bags after 16 weeks, the weight changes could not be confidently measured after this period. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

5.
Effects of short‐term (1 h exposure) and long‐term (7 d exposure) aluminium stress on photosynthesis and reproductive capacity have been studied in Euglena gracilis strain Z. Following concentrations of Altot (added as AlCl3) were tested: 0.5 mg L‐1, 1.0 mg L‐1, 1.5 mg L‐1, 2.5 mg L‐1, 5.0 mg L‐1, 7.5 mg L‐1, 10.0 mg L‐1, and 15.0 mg L‐1 Al, respectively. Growth rates at different aluminium concentrations did not show significant differences, except at 15.0 mg L‐1Al. Initial respiration was higher in long‐term than in the short‐term experiments. It is supposed that an energy‐dependent mechanism of excretion of aluminium ions has been active in the stressed cells. Consequently, the cells of E. gracilis after long‐term exposure to aluminium are believed to be more acclimatised to the aluminium stress. Photosynthetic efficiency (PE) has been negatively affected by aluminium in all experiments performed. Differences between control algae and those treated with aluminium were significant in all cases. PE in long‐term experiments was in general significantly higher at all concentrations of aluminium studied, compared to the short‐term experiments. The aluminium concentrations tested led only to a general decrease in PE while the level of decrease was not especially concentration‐dependent. In general, aluminium tolerance of E. gracilis can be estimated as low, especially by short‐term exposure. However, good acclimatisation capacity of this green flagellate to aluminium doses by long‐term exposure can be supposed.  相似文献   

6.
The use of reclaimed water and its impact on groundwater quality in the middle and southern parts of the Jordan Valley are investigated. The chemical analyses indicate that nitrate and bacteriological pollution is widespread, and thus, seriously affects groundwater use. During the study, 365 water samples were collected from wells and springs to determine the water chemistry and the extent of nitrate pollution. Three hydrochemical facies are identifed, i. e., (Ca–(Mg)–Na–HCO3), (Ca–Na–SO4–Cl) and (Ca–Na–Cl). The change of facies is accompanied by a gradual increase in the groundwater total dissolved solids (TDS), which is mainly controlled by evaporates and carbonates dissolution in the aquifer matrix. Water analyses indicate that the shallow aquifer in the study area is affected by non‐point pollution sources, primarily from natural (manure) and chemical nitrogen (N)‐fertilizers and treated wastewater used for agriculture. The concentration of nitrate in the groundwater ranges from 10 to 355 mg/L. Considerable seasonal fluctuations in groundwater quality are observed as a consequence of agricultural practices and other factors such as annual rainfall distribution and the Zarqa River flow. The noticeable levels of total coliform and Escherichia coli in the northern part of the study area may be attributed to contamination from the urban areas, intensive livestock production, and illegal dumping of sewage. Heavy metal concentrations in all samples were found to be significantly lower than the permissible limits for drinking water standards.  相似文献   

7.
To compare the impacts of river discharge on the surface water quality of the Xiangjiang River in China, 12 surface water quality parameters recorded at 31 sampling sites from January 1998 to December 2008 along the river and its main tributaries were analyzed. Significantly higher concentrations of total nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, and total phosphorus, and biochemical oxygen demand were observed during low‐flow periods than during high‐flow periods, implying a higher risk to local residents drinking untreated water during low‐flow periods. Pollution indexes, including the inorganic pollution index and integrated pollution index (IPI), were negatively related to impervious surface area (ISA) and cropland area (CLA) when ISA (CLA) was less than 160 (3000) km2. However, the relationship was positive when ISA (CLA) was larger than 160 (3000) km2, which provided a reasonable explanation for the observed spatial patterns of water quality. Distinct increasing temporal trends for two kinds of pollution indexes were also found. The annual ISA was significantly related to the rapid degradation of water quality from 1998 to 2008, with correlation coefficient (r) values of 0.816 (p = 0.002) and 0.711 (p = 0.014) for the organic pollution index (OPI) and IPI, respectively. However, annual rainfall was negatively correlated with the two indexes with r values of 0.785 (p = 0.002) and 0.448 (p = 0.093) for OPI and IPI, respectively. Our study highlights that decision makers should be more aware of recent increases in the pollution of the Xiangjiang River, especially at downriver sites and during low‐flow periods. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

8.
A point source for environmental pollution may be identified by the spatial association of samples collected in the vicinity of the emission source. In this study, we used a simple permutation test to explore the spatial correlations between the ambient air and soil polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) congener profile concentrations and their distances to a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) in northern Taiwan. Kendall’s τ was applied for the correlation between the PCDD/F concentrations of a total of 9 airborne and 12 soil sampling sites and their distances to the incinerator. The results showed that the correlation was highly negatively associated for soil PCDD/Fs (τ = −0.515, p-value = 0.011) and was marginal for airborne PCDD/Fs (τ = −0.667, p-value = 0.055), conditional on the seasonal wind attributions. For the 17 individual congener profiles, most of the air and soil samples had a negative association, with 7 and 10 reaching statistical significance (p-value < 0.05) or borderline significance (0.05 < p-value < 0.10), respectively. The permutation test provides a simple and robust statistical method for the identification of a potential pollution source from a limited sample size. Our analytical results show that dioxin emissions from the investigated MSWI had a definite environmental impact on the surrounding area.  相似文献   

9.
为了解丹江口库区浮游生物群落的多样性,本研究于2020年7月在丹江口库区丹库、汉库和入库支流等区域共计9个样点采集水体样品,抽滤并提取总DNA样本后,基于18S和16S分子标记进行单分子实时测序,分别探究真核和原核浮游生物群落的多样性及其群落特征.结果表明：（1）真核浮游生物群落的主要优势类群包括节肢动物、链型植物、绿藻门、硅藻门等;本研究在种水平上鉴定出库区分布广泛且相对丰度较大的物种,包括弯曲隐藻、对蛋白核隐藻和空球藻等,它们与库区化学需氧量密切相关;库区化学需氧量是影响真核浮游生物群落格局的重要环境因子.（2）原核浮游生物群落的主要优势类群为变形菌门;原核生物中相对丰度较大的不动杆菌Acinetobacter是污水污染的指示菌群;群落中起重要作用的Limnohabitans与水体的富营养化密切相关;尽管库区蓝藻相对丰度较低,但与蓝藻关系密切的CL500-29_marine_group和hgcI_clade两类细菌在浮游生物群落中也起着重要作用;原核生物群落中的各类物种均指示丹江口水库的水生态健康存在一定风险,需要加强监测以预防生态环境的恶化.（3）丹江口水库不同区域的浮游生物群落异质性较大,tb-RDA分析显示丹江口的浮游生物群落可以分为丹库型、汉库型和入库支流型,其组间差异要大于组内差异.综上所述,丹江口水库的浮游生物群落具有明显的空间异质性,整个库区的群落结构与水体富营养化、水体有机污染和污水污染等方面相关,需要加强对丹江口库区的水生态监测.  相似文献   

10.
Grassland degradation resulting from global climate change, overgrazing, and rodent damage is expected to influence the magnitude of canopy hydrological fluxes because of reduced vegetation biomass and changed species composition. The objectives of this study were to estimate herbaceous canopy rainfall storage capacity (S) along three different stages of sub‐alpine grassland degradation (non‐degraded, lightly degraded and moderately degraded) in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China, and relate changes in S to canopy properties. An artificial wetting method and the water budget balance method, using rain simulations, were used for estimating S. Grassland degradation significantly reduced S. In non‐degraded, lightly degraded and moderately degraded grasslands, S estimated using the artificial wetting method were 0.612 ± 0.08 mm, 0.289 ± 0.04 mm, and 0.217 ± 0.01 mm, respectively; S estimated using the water budget balance method were 0.979 ± 0.32 mm, 0.493 ± 0.13 mm, and 0.419 ± 0.09 mm, respectively. These changes could be explained by accompanying changes in above‐ground biomass and leaf area index, as well as changes in species composition. Species‐specific rainfall storage capacity varied by a factor of 2.7 among the investigated species, with graminoids having the lowest values. Leaf area index was more correlated to S than was canopy coverage. Converting fresh weight of non‐leaf tissues into effective leaf area of the corresponding species and then introducing a coefficient of leaf area according to the specific storage capacity of leaves improved the linear relationship between S and leaf area index. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

11.
A point source for environmental pollution may be identified by the spatial association of samples collected in the vicinity of the emission source. In this study, we used a simple permutation test to explore the spatial correlations between the ambient air and soil polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) congener profile concentrations and their distances to a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) in northern Taiwan. Kendall’s τ was applied for the correlation between the PCDD/F concentrations of a total of 9 airborne and 12 soil sampling sites and their distances to the incinerator. The results showed that the correlation was highly negatively associated for soil PCDD/Fs (τ = −0.515, p-value = 0.011) and was marginal for airborne PCDD/Fs (τ = −0.667, p-value = 0.055), conditional on the seasonal wind attributions. For the 17 individual congener profiles, most of the air and soil samples had a negative association, with 7 and 10 reaching statistical significance (p-value < 0.05) or borderline significance (p-value < 0.10), respectively. The permutation test provides a simple and robust statistical method for the identification of a potential pollution source from a limited sample size. Our analytical results show that dioxin emissions from the investigated MSWI had a definite environmental impact on the surrounding area.  相似文献   

12.
Post-collapse rhyolite lava domes, lava flows and pyroclastic rocks from Valles caldera (1140 ka), erupted from 1133 ka to approximately 520-60 ka, have been sampled to study variations of light lithophile (Li, Be, B) and halogen (F, Cl) elements. Our principal objectives were: (1) to examine the mobility of these elements during post-eruptive devitrification and hydration; and (2) to study their behavior during magma differentiation. Compared to fresh glassy samples, devitrified rocks from the same dome are depleted in B, Li, F and Cl, but not in Be. During devitrification, Be was immobile while the other elements were progressively more mobile in the order B < Li < Cl < F, fluorine being the most mobile element. Considering only fresh glassy samples, Li, Be and B were enriched in residual liquids and behaved incompatibly during differentiation of successive magma batches at 973-787 ka and 557-521 ka. The rhyolites have low B/Be ratios of 2–3 which decrease slightly with increasing Be; these values suggest a small fractionation of B from Be during evolution of the magmas. While F behaves like the light lithophile elements, Cl shows (1) much smaller temporal enrichment during differentiation at 973-787 ka and (2) depletion with time from 557 to 521 ka. At the same time, the Cl/Be ratio declines progressively from ˜250 in the oldest rhyolites to ˜ 100 in the youngest rhyolites. These data suggest that (1) a magmatic fluid phase continuously extracted Cl from fluid-saturated magmas and (2) some of the magmatic Cl lost could have been incorporated into the Valles hydrothermal system.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

Reports on the occurrence of fluoride in natural water resources and the associated health hazards due to human consumption have been made from many parts of India during the last decade. With the objective of organizing a systematic scientific programme to understand the behaviour of fluoride in natural water resources in relation to the local hydrogeological and climatic conditions and agricultural use, a typical area constituting the lower Vamsadhara River basin was chosen for a detailed study. High fluoride concentrations in the groundwater reaching a maximum of 3.4 mg 1?1 were observed to be associated with weathered formations of pyroxene amphibolites and pegmatites. The groundwater in the clayey soils contained much less fluoride as compared to the sandy soils. The complex depositional pattern of these sandy and clayey soils plays an important role in the uneven spatial distribution of fluoride in the groundwater. The contribution of fluoride from geological formations is far greater than that from agriculture: the maximum yield of fluoride by superphosphate fertilizer to irrigation water is observed to be 0.34 mg 1?1. The fluoride concentration is expected to be increased in the future as the groundwater is subsaturated with respect to fluorite. An inverse relationship between F and Ca and positive relationships of F with Na, HCO3, PO4 and electrical conductivity were observed. Best relationships were obtained in the fluoride range of 1.0–3.4 mg 1?1.  相似文献   

14.
Experiments were conducted to study the airborne microbial contamination generated by a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Aerosol samples were collected simultaneously, by sedimentation and impact methods, from the area and the surroundings of the WWTP. Total colony forming units (CFUs) of heterotrophic bacteria (HPC), as well as members of the Enterobacteriaceae, staphylococci, enterococci, actinomycetes, and microscopic fungi were determined. Bacterial (HPC) concentrations ranged between 101 and 104 CFU/m3, fungi 0 and 104 CFU/m3. Higher numbers of HPC bacteria in air samples were observed in summer, fungi in autumn. The main emission of microorganisms to atmospheric air was from the mechanical sewage treatment devices of the WWTP. The facilities of the biological sewage treatment of the plant did not generate large amounts of bioaerosols. In the air obtained from the premises of the WWTP, 25 species of the Enterobacteriaceae were isolated (Salmonella spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli). At the fence and in the surroundings only Pantoea spp. were identified. This suggests that the sewage bacteria were mainly discharged in the area of the WWTP. The presence of enteric bacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae reflects the level of air pollution with bioaerosols from sewage and is an important factor during monitoring the quality of the air around WWTPs.  相似文献   

15.
The common mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis was selected as unique biomonitor species to implement a regional monitoring programme, the CIESM Mediterranean Mussel Watch (MMW), in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. As of today, and upon standardization of the methodological approach, the MMW Network has been able to quantify 137Cs levels in mussels from 60 coastal stations and to produce the first distribution map of this artificial radionuclide at the scale of the entire Mediterranean and Black Seas. While measured 137Cs levels were found to be very low (usually <1 Bq kg−1 wet wt) 137Cs activity concentrations in the Black Sea and North Aegean Sea were up to two orders of magnitude higher than those in the western Mediterranean Basin. Such effects, far from representing a threat to human populations or the environment, reflect a persistent signature of the Chernobyl fallout in this area.  相似文献   

16.
Rebi Nijboer   《Limnologica》2004,34(3):213-223
Agapetus fuscipes is a caddisfly that only seems to occur in unimpacted streams and therefore can be a suitable indicator species for natural conditions. The species has decreased in the Netherlands because of human activities which caused organic pollution and hydromorphological degradation. Literature was reviewed to study the autecology and life cycle of A. fuscipes in order to reveal the ecological requirements of this species. By taking Agapetus fuscipes as an example, it is shown that the autecology and life cycle of an indicator species can give important clues for its presence in unimpacted and absence in impacted streams. A. fuscipes is very susceptible to organic pollution and to a lesser degree to discharge dynamics (dropping water level and discharge peaks). The species copes with dynamic discharge events by maintaining a high population density and recolonisation of disturbed habitats from refuges. However, the vulnerability of the species strongly depends on the life stage of the animals (e.g., the ability to migrate, the oxygen demand and the habitat requirements differ between instars). Although several adaptations to dynamic conditions, a high frequency of discharge peaks or a long period of drought can cause the population to decline. Once a population has totally disappeared from a stream it will take the species a long time to recolonise the stream because of its low dispersion capacity. To protect this species stream restoration should focus on water quality (avoid organic pollution and agricultural run off) and on stabilising the discharge by taking care of natural infiltration in the catchment area instead of fast removal of rain water by drainage systems.  相似文献   

17.
An investigation about distribution of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in natural, drinking, and recreational water in Northwestern Greece was performed. Five rivers (Aoos, Arachthos, Kalamas, Louros, and Voidomatis) and one lake (Pamvotis Ioannina Lake) in Northwestern Greece were investigated during a 10‐month period. Drinking and recreational water (swimming pools) from the area were also examined. Samples were collected from prefixed sampling stations and processed following a modification of standard methods for the microbiological examination of water, as suggested by the APHA/AWWA/WEF. Both Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts were isolated from Pamvotis Ioannina Lake (15 positive/27 examined samples). Significantly lower numbers of Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in Arachthos River (1/5), Voidomatis River (1/5), drinking water (1/7), and pool water samples (1/9). No Giardia cysts were detected, neither in river water, nor in drinking, and pool water samples. The results clearly show that, with the exception of Pamvotis Ioannina Lake, where contamination of high level was observed, natural water sources of the investigated area have low pollution, resulting in low contamination with parasites.  相似文献   

18.
Shells of the common cockle Cerastoderma edule have been analysed using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for a suite of elements (Pb, Cu, As, Zn and U). The samples of C. edule were obtained from four sites in the British Isles, two facing the Atlantic and two adjacent to the Irish Sea. The LA-ICP-MS technique, permits high resolution examination of the relationship between the concentrations of elements in the hard parts and that in the environment. This study shows that this bivalve can be used as a biomonitor of pollution. All four areas under investigation are affected by anthropogenic pollution, in particular Zn and Cu, and are characterized by short-term extreme pollution events. Furthermore, high levels of U are recorded from the cockles sampled from the sites adjacent to the Irish Sea, probably related to a combination of both natural and industrial effluents discharged into the area.  相似文献   

19.
Impact of elevated O3 (80 nmol mol?1) was studied on antioxidant system in the previous‐year needles (P‐needles) of Pinus armandii under the background of global climate change. CAT (catalase) did not play an important role in defensing O3 pollution, as no significant change was observed in its activity in P‐needles exposed to elevated O3 during the entire growth season. Ascorbate (AsA) was more sensitive to elevated O3, as the O3‐induced decrease in its content was observed at Day 45. It suggests that AsA consumption was a crucial way for protecting against O3 pollution. After 75 days of O3 exposure, increase in superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activities occurred in P‐needles (p < 0.05), whereas glutathione reductase activity was significantly increased after 105 days of O3 treatment (p < 0.05). Dehydroascorbate reductase and monoascorbate reductase activities also increased after 75 days of elevated O3 exposure. However, the elevated antioxidant capability did not suppress the generation of reactive oxygen species, and as a result, increase in malondialdehyde content was noted (p < 0.05). Noticeably, no change was observed in electrolyte leakage during the entire growth season under elevated O3 fumigation. It indicates that O3‐induced oxidative stress was not severe in the needles of P. armandii. In other words, P. armandii has certain tolerance to O3 pollution.  相似文献   

20.
To improve quantitative understanding of mixed‐land‐use impacts on nutrient yields, a nested‐scale experimental watershed study design (n = 5) was applied in a 303(d), clean water act impaired urbanizing watershed of the lower Missouri River Basin, USA. From 2010 to 2013, water samples (n = 858 sample days per site) were analysed for total inorganic nitrogen (TIN‐N), nitrite (NO2–N) nitrate (NO3–N), ammonia (NH3–N), and total phosphorus (TP‐P). Annual, seasonal, and monthly flow‐weighted concentrations (FWCs) and nutrient yields were estimated. Mean nutrient concentrations were highest where agricultural land use comprised 58% of the drainage area (NH3 = 0.111 mg/l; NO2 = 0.045 mg/l; NO3 = 0.684 mg/l, TIN = 0.840 mg/l; TP = 0.127 mg/l). Average TP‐P increased by 15% with 20% increased urban land use area. Highly variable annual precipitation was observed during the study with highest nutrient yields during 2010 (record setting wet year) and lowest nutrient yields during 2012 (extreme drought year). Annual TIN‐N and TP‐P yields exceeded 10.3 and 2.04 kg ha?1 yr?1 from the agricultural dominated headwaters. Mean annual NH3–N, NO2–N, NO3–N, TIN‐N, and TP‐P yields were 0.742, 0.400, 4.24, 5.38, and 0.979 kg ha?1 yr?1, respectively near the watershed outlet. Precipitation accounted for the majority of the explained variance in nutrient yields (R2 values from 0.68 to 0.85). Nutrient yields were also dependent on annual precipitation of the preceding year (R2 values from 0.87 to 0.91) thus enforcing the great complexity of variable mixed‐land‐use mediated source‐sink nutrient yield relationships. Study results better inform land managers and best management practices designed to mitigate nutrient pollution issues in mixed‐land‐use freshwater ecosystems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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