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“十五”期间建设并投入试运行的中国数字强震动台网云南区域台网有20多个强震动台站记录到宁洱6．4级地震产生的地面运动。但值得注意的是,位于实地考察得到的Ⅵ度以上烈度区内或者其附近的4个强震台站,从加速度峰值、速度峰值与烈度的对应关系来看,与实际震害现象反映出的烈度有一定差异。究其原因,地震动幅值的大小和震级的大小有着直接的关系,但同时也和地震波的传播途径及场地条件等因素有关。因此,从场地因素的角度出发,从覆盖土层、地形地貌和地质构造条件等方面对造成强震动记录值偏大的原因进行了调查分析。在此基础上,对今后云南地区地震动研究场地影响的考虑提出了一些思路和建议。 相似文献
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河北及邻近地区地震动衰减关系的分析与确定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据河北及邻近地区的地震烈度资料,美国西部地面水平加速度记录、地震动衰减关系和我国地面水平加速度记录,用最小二乘法及等震级的烈度地震动转换方法。确定了河北及邻近地区烈度衰减关系和不同场地地面运动水平加速度峰值衰减关系。这些研究成果可供河北及邻近地区进行地震危险性分析和抗震防灾规划时使用。 相似文献
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震后近断层震动图的快速产出对于政府相关部门快速确定地震影响区、评估震害及其导致的经济损失和人员伤亡、科学决策应急救援方案和措施以减轻人员伤亡和财产损失具有重要意义。以2022年门源地震为例,利用滑动分布、应力降均不同的两个震源模型（即,王卫民等反演的震源模型和本研究生成的随机滑动震源模型）以及相同的路径、场地模型和其它输入参数,使用动力学拐角频率的随机有限断层方法和本研究建立的峰值地面速度（PGV）、水平向最大谱烈度（SI）和中国仪器地震烈度（II）的经验模型研究了快速产出近断层震动图（包括峰值地面加速度图、PGV图、SI图、II图和中国地震烈度图）的实效性。结果表明:（1）上述方法和经验模型可用于震后震动图的快速产出,其实效性主要取决于震源、路径和场地模型的可靠性;（2）基于上述两种震源模型产出的地震烈度图与中国地震局发布的该次地震的烈度图在总体上具有高度一致性,均可用于确定地震影响区,但基于反演震源模型产出的地震烈度图可以给出极震区,而基于随机滑动震源模型产出的地震烈度图则需要根据其最大等震线和发震断层的位置大致估计极震区的位置。 相似文献
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引言 近断层强地面震动的快速描述（或刻划）是评估地震影响包括破坏和损失规模的基础工作。震动图（ShakeMap；见Wald et al，1999a）是为此目的而研制的一种手段。为了生成震动图，所观测的峰值和谱地面运动，以及仪器测定的烈度（Wald et al，1999b）， 相似文献
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Housner谱烈度及修正谱烈度作为基于加速度记录时程直接得到的地震动强度参数，与建筑结构破坏及地震宏观烈度存在较高的相关性，是可靠的地震仪器烈度物理参数指标。然而，相对于地面加速度峰值、地面速度峰值等地震动峰值参数，三分量加速度记录对应的谱烈度计算过程较为复杂，耗时相对较长，影响了利用谱烈度确定地震仪器烈度的时效性。基于对强震动加速度记录的统计分析，本文提出了谱烈度的快速近似算法，仅计算4个方向上的谱烈度值，采用其中3点作圆即可获得水平面内谱烈度迹线的近似最大值，使计算速度提高了45倍，且保持了谱烈度作为地震仪器烈度物理指标的精度。利用在汶川MS 8.0地震等386次MS > 3.0地震中获取的2701组强震动加速度记录，经可靠性检验，结果表明所提出的Housner谱烈度快速近似算法的计算误差在±4.5%以内，可以同时满足地震仪器烈度速报的可靠性和时效性需求。 相似文献
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2021年5月22日青海省玛多县发生Mw7.3级地震。震后,根据初步估计的断层走向和破裂长度,基于YU15地震动衰减模型和三种NGA-West2（Next Generation Attenuation-West2）地震动衰减模型快速产出地震区震动图及理论烈度图。在获得强震记录和地表破裂长度信息后,对预测结果进行修正。通过比较理论烈度与调查烈度,并结合震动图分布形态以及衰减模型在2016年新疆呼图壁Mw6.0地震中的应用情况对四种地震动衰减模型的适用性进行了分析。结果表明:在台网稀疏地区,基于地震动衰减模型可在震后快速获得地震动分布,并产出具有应用价值的地震影响场;NGA-West2模型在断层破裂较长的大震中表现优于YU15模型,而在中强地震中后者适用性更强;近实时强震动记录可用来检验模型的适用性并对预测结果进行修正;断层破裂尺度、震源机制和破裂过程等信息的准确估计可有效提高地震影响场预测精度。 相似文献
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地震动的强度,一般用烈度或地面峰值加速度、地面峰值速度等地震动参数表示。但是,地面运动是一种典型的非平稳信号,幅值和频率成分均随时间变化,瞬时的幅值最大值并不能完全代表其破坏能力。 相似文献
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对2016年10月20日江苏射阳M4.4地震的强震动记录进行初步分析，介绍强震动记录的一些基本特征。与ShakMap小震回归公式的预测数据比较，发现实际观测值总体高于预测值。通过对强震动记录的反应谱分析，认为本次地震对震中区建筑的影响轻微。在地震动等值线图产出过程中，采用数据偏差校正、场地效应及空间插值方法，使地震动等值线图的空间表达更为合理。其等值线图长轴呈北西向，与此次地震的主破裂面方向一致。结合地震现场调查结果，讨论了震中区的烈度分布与仪器烈度。 相似文献
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Generating ground motion by two new techniques of adding harmonic wave in the time domain and approximating to response spectrum as a whole 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
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Peak velocities and peak surface strains during Northridge, California, earthquake of 17 January 1994 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M.D. Trifunac M.I. Todorovska S.S. Ivanovi? 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1996,15(5):301-310
We present contours of the largest horizontal and vertical recorded peak velocities of strong ground motion during the Northridge, California, earthquake. Above the fault, the horizontal peak velocities exceeded 100 cm/s. The vertical velocities were larger than 20 cm/s. We also present contours of peak horizontal and vertical strain factors. Through most of the San Fernando Valley and the Santa Susana Mountains, the horizontal surface strain factor was larger than 10−3. The largest horizontal strain factor computed was for the Rinaldi Receiving Station ∼10−2·2. The corresponding vertical strains were >10−3·25 and 10−13, respectively. Through most of the Los Angeles Basin the horizontal peak surface strain factors were between 10−3·75 and 10−3. 相似文献
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In the framework of the revision of Part 1 of Eurocode 8, this study aims at developing new empirical correlations to compute peak values of ground velocity (PGV) and displacement (PGD) as a function of elastic spectral ordinates for design. At variance with the expressions for PGV and PGD currently adopted in the Eurocode 8, based solely on the peak ground acceleration (PGA), in this paper reference is made to spectral ordinates of the short and intermediate period range, namely Ss, which is the constant acceleration spectral ordinate, and S1, which is the spectral ordinate at 1 s. On the one hand, a relationship between PGV and the product (Ss?S1) was found based on the regression analysis on a high‐quality strong‐motion dataset. On the other hand, the PGD was estimated by extrapolating to long periods the constant displacement branch of the elastic response spectrum, introducing a correlation between the corner period TD and S1. For this purpose, results of a long period probabilistic seismic hazard assessment study for Italy, encompassing low to high seismicity areas, were considered. Furthermore, verification of the proposed relationship against strong‐motion records was carried out, and differences justified in terms of the concept of uniform hazard spectrum. 相似文献
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近年来土遗址受城市建设和交通施工损害的现象时有发生,对于这些人为因素对遗址的影响缺乏有效的检测与评估手段。本文基于G7高速公路的爆破振动观测,进行质点峰值加速度和峰值速度的衰减分析,开展爆破震动对附近明水军事要塞土遗址震动影响的研究。通过对竖向、水平向的振动加速度和速度的观测和数据分析,得出不同药量条件下,对应相同质点的震动峰值加速度衰减规律。提出了公路爆破附近土遗址震动控制范围和最大药量的施工建议,为爆破附近有土遗址的施工提供了数据支持,相应的结论和建议可以在同类土遗址保护中参考使用。 相似文献
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利用漠河站、左岭站、富克站垂测仪数据和COSMIC反演的电离层资料,分析比较了太阳活动高年两种探测手段获取的电离层特征参量(NmF2、hmF2)的相关性.结果表明,两种方式获取的电离层对应特征参量相关性较高,且NmF2的相关性好于hmF2,同时相关性与纬度和季节有关.在地磁中纬度地区对应参量相关性较好,而在地磁低纬度受北驼峰控制区域相关性降低;在电离层赤道异常区域,春秋季、夏季对应特征参量相关性好于冬季.造成冬季相关性低的可能原因是,在跨越赤道中性风作用下,冬季电离层赤道异常区电子浓度梯度较大,造成掩星反演误差增大,致使两种探测手段获取的电离层特征参量相关性降低. 相似文献
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An increasing impervious area is quickly extending over the Wu‐Tu watershed due to the endless demands of the people. Generally, impervious paving is a major result of urbanization and more recently has had the potential to produce more enormous flood disasters than those of the past. In this study, 40 available rainfall–runoff events were chosen to calibrate the applicable parameters of the models and to determine the relationships between the impervious surfaces and the calibrated parameters. Model inputs came from the outcomes of the block kriging method and the non‐linear programming method. In the optimal process, the shuffled complex evolution method and three criteria were applied to compare the observed and simulated hydrographs. The tendencies of the variations of the parameters with their corresponding imperviousness were established through regression analysis. Ten cases were used to examine the established equations of the parameters and impervious covers. Finally, the design flood routines of various return periods were furnished through use of approaches containing a design storm, block kriging, the SCS model, and a rainfall‐runoff model with established functional relationships. These simulated flood hydrographs were used to compare and understand the past, present, and future hydrological conditions of the watershed studied. In the research results, the time to peak of flood hydrographs for various storms was diminished approximately from 11 h to 6 h in different decrements, whereas peak flow increased respectively from 127 m3 s?1 to 629 m3 s?1 for different storm intensities. In addition, this study provides a design diagram for the peak flow ratio to help engineers and designers to construct hydraulic structures efficiently and prevent possible damage to human life and property. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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近断层地震动速度、位移峰值衰减规律的研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在全球范围内选取6．0≤Mw≤7．6、震源深度H≤20km且断层距df≤40km的地震动速度和位移峰值数据．进行分组统计分析,确定了PGV和PGD的近断层研究区域分别为20km和15km。认为两水平分量为2条独立数据,在各自研究区域分别得到由366条PGV和265条PGD数据组成的数据库;其中水平方向分为硬土和软土2类场地,竖向只考虑土层场地．利用作者前文已提出的近断层地震动衰减模型和最小二乘法进行数据拟合分析．得到PGV和PGD随断层距和震源深度变化的衰减曲面,分析了水平、竖向以及竖向与水平比值的衰减规律。 相似文献
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Temporal changes in suspended sediment transport in a gullied loess basin: the lower Chabagou Creek on the Loess Plateau in China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Suspended sediment dynamics are still imperfectly understood, especially in the loess hilly region on the Loess Plateau, with strong temporal variability, where few studies heretofore have been conducted. Using a dataset up to eight years long in the Lower Chabagou Creek, the variability in suspended sediment load at different temporal scales (within‐flood variability, monthly–seasonal and annual) is analyzed in this paper. The results show that, on the within‐flood scale, most of the sediment peaks lag behind peak discharges, implying that slope zones are the main sediment source area; independent of the occurring sequences of the peaks of sediment and discharge, all the events could present an anti‐clockwise hysteresis loop resulting from the abundant material and the influence of hyperconcentrated flows on suspended sediment concentration. At monthly and seasonal scales, there is a ‘store–release’ process, i.e. sediment is prepared in winter, spring and late autumn, and exported in summer and early autumn. At the annual scale, the high variability in concentration and sediment yield are highly correlated with water yield, resulting from the number and magnitude of floods recorded yearly, and almost all the suspended load is transported during these events. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献