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2020年5月18日巧家县发生5.0级地震,结合震区背景信息和现场调查,详细阐述此次地震烈度分布和房屋震害特征,并计算各类结构房屋的震害指数和破坏比。调查发现,本次地震的最高烈度为Ⅵ度,长轴呈NW向,与灾区地震地质构造背景、仪器烈度分布具有较好的一致性。对比分析本次地震与昭通地区、云南其他地区近年来大小相近的历史地震Ⅵ度区震害指数,结果表明,本次地震房屋震害指数相较于昭通其他地区明显偏低,但比云南其他地区偏高。分析认为,近年来巧家县各项房屋改造工程切实提高了当地房屋抗震水平,但仍需加强房屋改造建设,尤其是加快推进老旧房屋拆除及新房建设工作,进一步提升房屋抗震能力。 相似文献
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云南鲁甸6.5级地震灾害特点浅析 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
通过对2014年8月3日云南鲁甸6.5级地震震害开展实地调查,对灾区破坏情况进行总体介绍,并就各烈度区特征和建筑物震害、地震地质灾害、工程结构震害进行分析,初步得出本次地震的一些震害特点.一是灾区人口密度大,人员死亡较集中.人员死亡主要集中在Ⅷ和Ⅸ度区.二是地震振动强,灾区破坏严重.本次地震震源深度12km,极震区烈度高达Ⅸ度,震源破裂在11s内集中释放.三是抗震能力弱,房屋破坏严重.灾区属国家级贫困区,农村民居抗震能力弱,且多数民房坐落在河谷陡坡上,边坡效应加重房屋震害,重灾区砖木和土木房屋成片损毁、倒塌.四是灾区条件恶劣,救灾难度大.震区活动断裂密集发育、地质破碎疏松、地形崎岖不平,又恰值雨季,诱发极其严重次生地质灾害,导致人员伤亡,造成灾区大面积交通、通信、电力中断,救援物资与救援力量无法及时发挥作用. 相似文献
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近年来广西地震发生频率明显提高,陆续发生了3次5级以上中强地震,包括2016年苍梧5.4级地震、2019年北流5.2级地震和2019年靖西5.2级地震,这可能意味着广西地区进入了地震活跃期。2019年靖西5.2级地震造成较重的房屋建筑物破坏,是分析广西房屋震害很好的样本。本文对各烈度区内不同结构类型房屋的震害现象进行了整理和统计,分析了不同结构类型房屋的震害特征与震害原因。结果显示:简易房屋除年久失修的之外基本完好;砌体结构房屋因结构不规则,缺乏抗震构造措施等,破坏较重,且破坏形式多样;框架结构房屋主体完好但填充墙会出现破坏。 相似文献
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用抽样调查的方法,对大同SXDZ199103阳高1991年3月26日5.8级地震4～7度区的建筑物进行了调查。按倒塌、严重破坏、中等破坏、轻微破坏、基本完好,划分房屋的破坏程度,求出房屋的破坏比、户均房屋数、各烈度区总户数及总房间数。根据当地建筑材料的实际价格,工时费等确定了房屋的单价,又据国家地震局震害防御司颁布的震害评估细则,确定了建筑物破坏的损失比。利用破坏比、损失比、房屋单价、各烈度区房间总数对这次地震的经济损失进行了估算。 相似文献
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在历次地震中,地形、地貌及场地条件复杂的山区容易出现房屋建筑震害异常情况。分析震害异常的原因,对于进行建筑抗震设防以减少地震灾害损失具有重要意义。本文主要对2014年盈江524、530两次地震后Ⅷ度区的卡场镇麻竹岭岗房屋破坏及场地条件情况进行调查,根据麻竹岭岗的地形条件由高到低分为3个区,对3个区内的建筑破坏情况进行分析比较,表明震害程度呈现出明显的从山底至山顶逐渐加大的趋势,揭示出显著的山体影响作用。重点对山顶的穿斗木结构破坏情况进行了分析,找出了造成建筑结构破坏的几个不利因素,包括山丘地形顶部放大效应、覆盖土层放大效应以及多次地震震害累积效应。 相似文献
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石渠5.1级地震灾害调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
１９９２年１１月３０日四川省石渠县发生５．１级地震，宏观震中位于县城尼呷镇、西区、德荣马乡一带。震中烈度Ⅶ度（弱），等烈度线呈北西向椭圆形分布。建筑物破坏的主要特点是，墙体竖向裂缝多、宽，并出现砖墙房屋比夯土墙房屋破坏重的震害现象。这次地震发生在四川省边远、经济较落后的高原地区，破坏区面积大（Ⅵ度区内面积２４７０平方千米），造成了约４３６９万元的直接经济损失。 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献