共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
利用ECMWF格点资料,分析研究了大气季节内(30—60天)振荡的全球特征。30—60天振荡动能的分布表明高纬度地区要比赤道地区大得多。说明那里有较突出的30—60天振荡。中高纬度地区的30—60天振荡与热带有明显不同,垂直结构为正压模态,以纬向2—4波为主,多为向酉传播。30—60天振荡存在明显的低频遥相关,北半球主要为欧亚—太平洋(EAP)型和PNA型,南半球主要有澳洲—南非(ASA)型和环南美(RSA)型,并且在全球范围构成南北半球相互衔接的低频波列,即EAP-ASA波列和PNA-RSA波列。南北半球30—60天大气振荡有明显的相互影响,本文研究了南北半球30—60天振荡相互影响的3种主要过程。 相似文献
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经圈环流对定常波传播的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在一般斜压大气中，基本气流中包含经圈环流时，定常波传播不仅能穿过东风带，而且明显增强。在基流含有经圈环流的情况下，北半球中纬度地形强迫可引起低纬大气的显著响应，这表明经圈环流在中低纬定常响应的相互联系中起着重要作用；北半球中纬度热力强迫可产生类似北半球夏季季风环流的波列分布，这说明经圈环流在夏季季风环流的形成中起着一定的作用；在赤道东太平洋加热强迫情况下，在冬半球可引起ＰＮＡ型的定常波传播波列，而在夏半球却没有明显的ＰＮＡ特征。这表明经圈环流对冬、夏半球的定常波传播路径有着显著的影响。 相似文献
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Yong. L. McHall 《大气科学进展》1991,8(2):211-224
It is proposed that the orographic stationary waves are required by long-term balance of momentum in the at-mosphere with zonally asymmetric orographic forcing, This hypothesis may be confirmed successfully with the theo-retical model of geostrophic waves. In the Part I, we will explain the observed phase distributions of orographic sta-tionary waves at middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, according to the long-term balance of zonal momentum over the stationary orographic forcing. It is revealed that the geographic distribution of stationary waves depends not only on local topgraphy but also on mean circulation fields and angular momentum flux in the atmos-phere. So these waves cannot be simulated by the models in a restricted area. 相似文献
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本文用带通时间滤波器，对北半球500hPa高度距平（从1951年1月—1986年12月共432个连续月）的每个格点的时间序列进行滤波计算，初步结果如下:1．北半球500 hPa普遍存在3—5年周期，该周期的相对方差都在30%以上。35°N以南相对方差可达50%以上，在太平洋、大西洋、欧亚低纬地区最大相对方差高于70%。2．3—5年周期的水平结构要比Wallace的遥相关型更具有波列结构，通过波列的射线路径可以把能量从低纬度频散到高纬度。3．从分析1982/1983 El Nino年个例可以看到，赤道东太平洋海水异常增暖对大气的影响，除了一般公认的通过PNA型影响北美外，可能还存在另一条路径。 相似文献
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利用北半球1951－2000年冬季（1月）200hPa,500hPa的月平均资料，计算出E－P通量，并根据平均环流的E－P通量剖面图，研究了北半球冬季在大地形作用下，波动对基本气流的作用，以及波流相互作用下行星波的传播。北半球冬季平均E－P通量的辐合辐散与地形作用形成的大槽大脊相对应，其强度也与槽脊的强度相一致。另外，根据多年夏季（7月）的月平均高度场、风场及降水资料得到E－P通量和副热带高压的关系，进一步得到E－P通量与异常天气的关系。 相似文献
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用球函数展开北半球地形的计算 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中央气象局气象科学研究所数值预报组 《气象学报》1959,30(4):405-413
通过计算,如取m≤36,n—m≤20,北半球地形一般可以相当精确地用球函数来表示.计算表明,除高纬度地区外,地形高度沿纬圈平均的相对误差都在0.33%以下.在计算过程中,作者还给出了检查错误的公式.对计算结果也进行了讨论. 相似文献
8.
中国降水准2年主振荡模态与全球500 hPa环流联系的年代际变化 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
用近51年(1951～2001年)观测资料,研究太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)冷暖位相中国降水量准2年主振荡型传播特征的差异,并讨论对应的全球500 hPa环流低频波列传播途径的变化及可能原因.同时提出年际振荡强度不稳定指数,讨论了中国降水和全球500 hPa高度准2年周期振荡(QBO)强度时间不稳定的空间分布.通过主振荡型分析(POP)发现,在PDO冷位相(1951～1976年),准2年时间尺度的中国降水POP1的主要活动区域在长江中游地区,对应的500 hPa低频场是大西洋欧亚波列(AEU)和西大西洋遥相关型(WA)以及南太平洋副热带波列(SSP);在PDO暖位相(1977～2001年),POP1的活动区域迅速北移并扩大到整个长江和淮河流域,对应的500 hPa低频场变为欧亚太平洋-南印度洋-南北大西洋波列(EUP-SI-SNA).因此,PDO冷暖位相中影响中国降水准2年主振荡模态的低频波列的传播途径和强度存在显著差异,PDO对中国降水量准2年主振荡型主要模态(POP1)及其伴随的全球500 hPa环流低频波列活动区域的时间变化有重要调制作用,与两个半球中纬度西风气流强度的年代际变化密切相关.由振荡强度时间变化指数分析表明,中国降水QBO强度不稳定区域位于长江中游、长江下游、浙江东部、广东东部、华北地区和青藏高原东北侧附近地区,这些地区降水QBO的强度随PDO位相转变而发生显著的年代际突变.对于全球500 hPa高度,其QBO强度不稳定区域在南太平洋中高纬度、副热带南北大西洋地区和亚洲、北太平洋、北美大陆中高纬度地区、北半球副热带西太平洋地区以及南北半球热带和副热带东太平洋地区,表现为对于赤道的非对称空间分布,特别是南北太平洋热带和副热带地区500hPa环流QBO强度在年代际时间尺度上呈现正负反向变化的空间结构,而且南北极附近地区的QBO强度在PDO暖位相显著增强,反映了全球大气环流QBO强度与PDO相互作用的空间特征. 相似文献
9.
This study evaluates the dependence of simulated surface air temperatures on model resolution and orography for the mid-Holocene. Sensitivity experiments with the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM5 are performed with low (∼3.75°, 19 vertical levels) and high (∼1.1°, 31 vertical levels) resolution. Results are compared to the respective preindustrial runs. It is found that the large-scale temperature anomalies for the mid-Holocene (compared to preindustrial) are significantly different in the low- and high-resolution versions. For boreal winter, differences are mainly related to circulation changes caused by the response to thermal forcing in conjunction with orographic resolution. For summer, shortwave cloud radiative forcing emerges as an important factor. The anomaly differences (low minus high resolution version) in the Northern Hemisphere are regionally as large as the anomalous mid-Holocene temperature signals. Furthermore, they depend on the applied surface boundary conditions. We conclude that the resolution matters for the Northern Hemisphere response in mid-Holocene simulations, which should be taken into account in model-model and data-model comparisons. 相似文献
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A NUMERICAL STUDY FOR MECHANISM OF THE EFFECT OF NORTHERN SUMMER ARCTIC ICE COVER ON THE GLOBAL SHORTRANGE CLIMATE CHANGE 
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下载免费PDF全文 In terms of nine-layer global spectral model involving fuller parameterization of physical process,with arhomboidal truncation at wavenumber 15,experiments are conducted by virtue of two numerical schemes,one withlong-range mean coverage of Arctic ice,and the other with supercooled water at the same temperature as the ice,fol-lowed by an analysis of the difference field simulated by the two schemes.Results show that(1)the impact of Arctic iceon the northern short-range climate is realized through the change in polar ice coverage to cause local temperaturechange in the polar region to set up gradient difference in temperature from north to south,thus affecting the atmospher-ic circulations and,on the other hand,two trains of two-dimensional Rossby waves excited by the atmospheric heatsource anomaly have impacts on the Northern Hemisphere(NH)extratropical region,one of which is similar to the JPteleconnection pattern first presented by Nitta(1987);(2)The significant impact of Arctic ice anomaly on the southernshort-range climate change is accomplished with the aid of the anomaly of the equatorial heat source that excites a two-dimensional Rossby wavetrain propagating along a great circle route into the Southern Hemisphere(SH)extratropics,and the cross-equatorial propagation of the NH wavetrain also has effects on the SH atmosphere.Simulation indicatesthat with the 15-day integration the Arctic ice exerts an influence mainly on the NH and when the model atmosphere isgetting stabilized,the effect is dominantly on the SH short-range climate change. 相似文献
11.
In a general baroclinic atmosphere,when the basic state includes meridional circulation,the sta-tionary waves might not only pass through the equatorial easterlies,but also strengthen significantly.The orographic forcing in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude might cause marked responses in thelow latitude atmosphere.This suggests that the meridional circulation plays an important role in theconnection of stationary responses in mid and low latitudes,and so does the heating forcing in theNorthern Hemisphere mid-latitude.Forced by the heating forcing in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude,the features similar to the Northern Hemisphere summer monsoon circulation can be ob-tained.It appears that the meridional circulation plays certain role in the formation of summer mon-soon circulation.The heating anomaly forcing located at the eastern equatorial Pacific makes the sta-tionary waves present PNA(Pacific-North America)pattern in the winter hemisphere,but it doesnot in the summer hemisphere.It suggests that the meridional circulation has a marked influence onthe route of stationary wave propagation both in the winter and summer hemispheres. 相似文献
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Summary Two different blocking indices are computed for the Southern Hemisphere for the period 1979–1985, one is based on sea level pressure and the other on upper tropospheric zonal wind. The Southern Hemisphere blocking climatology based on these two indices separately presents very similar results, mainly in identifying the region of maximum occurrence over eastern Australia and the western Pacific. The sea level presure index shows strong orographic influences, while the 250hPa zonal wind index is not affected by orography but does exaggerate seasonal variations. It is apparent that blocking occurrence in the eastern Australia and neighbouring areas has a link with climatological atmospheric features.With 8 Figures 相似文献
14.
The low frequency oscillation in both hemispheres and its possible role in the dust weather storm events over North China in 2002 are analyzed as a case study. Results show that the Aleutian Low is linked with the Circumpolar Vortex in the Southern Hemisphere on a 30-60-day oscillation, with a weak Circumpolar Vortex tending to deepen the Aleutian Low which may be helpful for the generation of dust storm events. The possible mechanism behind this is the inter-hemispheric interaction of the mean meridional circulation, with the major variability over East Asia. The zonal mean westerly wind at high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere in the upper level troposphere may lead that of the Northern Hemisphere, which then impacts the local circulation in the Northern Hemisphere. Thus, the low frequency oscillation teleconnection is one possible linkage in the coupling between the Southern Hemisphere circulation and dust events over North China. However, the interannual variation of the low frequency oscillation is unclear. 相似文献
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The work is a general survey SSTA data of the Indian Ocean and of precipitation at 160 Chinese weather stations over 1951～1997(47years).It reveals that the dipole oscillation of SST,especially the dipole index of March～May,in the eastern and western parts of the ocean correlates well with the precipitation during the June～August raining season in China.As shown in analysis of 500-hPa Northern Hemisphere geopotential height height by NCEP for 1958-1995,the Indian Ocean dipole index(IODI) is closely related with geopotential height anomalies in the middle-and higher-latitudes in the Eurasian region.As a negative phase year of IODI corresponds to significant Pacific-Japan(PJ) wavetrain,it is highly likely that the SST for the dipole may affect the precipitation in China through the wavetrain.Additionally,correlation analysis of links between SST dipole index of the Indian Ocean region and air temperature in China also shows good correlation between the former and wintertime temperature in southern China. 相似文献
16.
From a statistical study of the atmospheric circulation types over the Northern Hemisphere it is found that the zonal type circulation predominates in East Asia. From a three-layer primitive equation model in σ-coordinate, the orographic effect on a westerly current over the Northern Hemisphere is studied. A distinguished deepening trough is observed in the lee-side slope of the Rocky Mountains. But a pronounced trough is over the East Asia coast far from the Tibetan Plateau. In a case of 48 h numerical forecast, it is found that the effect of the Tibetan Plateau tends to build up a rather zonal type circulation, which is con-sistent with the observations. These may be partly explained by the topographic effect of the north slope of the Tibetan Plateau in a simple geostrophic theory. 相似文献
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春季热带地区OLR低频振荡及其与长江中下游连阴雨 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文应用NOAA卫星接收的1975—1983年向外长波辐射(OLR)资料研究了春季热带地区低频振荡的基本特征,得出东半球热带地区盛行周期为30天左右的低频振荡,这种振荡最显著的区域在0—10°S、70—90°E的印度洋地区。文章阐述了过渡季节这种低频振荡的经向和纬向传播特征。 本文还进一步指出,在热带低频振荡的不同阶段,ITCZ、北半球副热带以及西风带环流系统也呈现出显著的周期变化,并查证了低频振荡作为长江中下游连阴雨和连晴过程的背景事实。因此本研究工作也为长江中下游连阴雨和连晴天气的中、长期可预报性提供 相似文献
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青藏高原感热加热异常与夏季低频环流的数值研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
使用科学院大气物理研究所两层大气环流模式，就青藏高原地表感热通量异常减少对夏季东半球大气环流及亚洲季风低频变化的影响进行了数值试验研究。结果表明：高原地区感热通量异常减少时，南海及西太平洋地区低频振荡方差百分率增大；高原感热异常加热对东亚和印度季风子系统具有不同的影响，季风区低频扰动的位相，中高纬低频扰动的结构，强度和经向传播速度都发生改变，ＥＡＰ波列变得更为清楚典型，大圆上的低频涡旋一直传播到我 相似文献
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本文与文献[1]相对应,利用一个非线性初始方程谱模式,研究了中、高纬度理想化的大尺度地形以及北半球实际地形的动力强迫作用对于冬季行星尺度的大气定常波的影响。计算结果证实,根据线性模式的数值试验结果所做的定性分析在非线性情形下仍然是成立的,同时,非线性扰动流场也与线性流场有明显的差异,在纬向平场基本气流相对较弱的地区或垂直层次上差异尤为显著。数值试验表明,北半球实际地形强迫的大尺度扰动,在对流层低层以及对流层上部的中、高纬均主要表现出纬向波数为2的行星波,但是在对流层上部的低纬地区3波分量比较明显。中、高纬的大地形动力强迫作用,对于低纬太平洋高空的反气旋和气旋环流的形成有重要的贡献。 相似文献
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Investigation is carried out of winter Northern Hemisphere (NH) 100 hpa teleconnection, indicating the existence of a PNA pattern whose wavetrain well resembles that at 500 hpa level. During the climax of the EI Nino episode (winter), the 100 PNA becomes strong, a fact that manifests itself more clearly than at the 500 hpa level. Moreover, study is made of the anomaly in the tropical monthly windfield and mean circulation on a seasonal basis in a range of phases of the EI Nino event. Results show that the 100 hpa geopotential height is lowered on a large scale in the spring and previous winter with the event happening as compared to a La Nina year, wherewith diagnosis is performed of the 1991/1992 EI Nino episode. 相似文献