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一、探测是个基础 我们生活的地球表面,包着一层厚厚的大气。大气层约三分之一的质量和几乎所有的水汽都集中在十几公里以下的近地气层内,与人们生产和生活关系密切的风、云、雨、雪、冰雹、雷电等现象,大多发生在这一层内。 毛主席教导我们:“人们为着要在自然界里得到自由,就要用自然科学来了解自然,克服自然和改造自然,从自然里得到自由。”气象工作就是监视大气物理状态的变化,研究、认识和掌握各种大气现象变化的规律,进而能动地改造客观世界。 相似文献
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管理科学是自然科学和社会科学交叉的半科,在科学技术转化为现实生产力的过程中,加强科学管理具有举足轻重之作用。向管理要质量,向管理要效益,已被人们重视。气象探测业务管理工作的主要任务是气象探测 相似文献
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大气层的晴阴雨雪影响着人们的生活起居，气象灾害给人们带来了许多意想不到的灾难。社会各行各业都离不开气象，如何利用气象，使用气象，在气象灾害出现之前尽快得到信息以便趋利避害，这是摆在气象部门面前的新课题，要求气象部门不仅要做准天气预报，而且要把天气信息，尤其是天气突变的信息及时传递到社会，传递到基层，传递到各用户。无线电气象专业广播电台，是一种传播快、复盖范围广的有效通信工具。为更快地传递气象信息，给社会提供气象专业服务，1989年9月，经市人民政府批准，成立番昌市气象专业警报服务台。该台每天定时四次… 相似文献
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(一) 科学的任务不仅是了解自然,而且应当利用和改造自然。气象学发展到目前为止,基本上仍处在了解气象现象的阶段,这一阶段的主要任务是搜集资料、探索大气过程的规律性,并对其进行预报。但是在当前科技发展浪潮的冲击下,却有许多事实证明,气象学正在迈进控制和改造大气过程的新阶段。人类对大气过程的控制和改造,将会加速对气象现象了解的深入,而不一定以对这种现象的完全了解为前提。可以说,自然科学只有建立了相应的工业体系,才能成为改 相似文献
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探索公共气象服务发展的体制机制创新 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
气象服务是现代气象业务中的重要组成部分,但与预报预测业务和综合观测业务不同,它不是一项单纯的业务。预报预测业务和综合观测业务所关注的是人们生存的大气空间,是自然科学领域的问题,而气象服务的对象是各种不同类型的用户,服务对象有不同的需求,也受不同社会环境条件的影响。从业务技术角度来看,气象服务属于自然科学领域范畴。 相似文献
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“2 0 0 3年全区气象局长会议上 ,拟定今后一段时间我区气象事业要实现跨越式发展目标 ,你认为如何才能实现这个目标 ?”记者开门见山地提问。曾作为高等学府教授的内蒙古自治区气象局局长、党组书记乌兰用慎密而富有逻辑性的语言回答记者 :“内蒙古自治区气象事业要想实现跨越式发展的目标 ,需要进一步得到社会各方面的支持 ,要想得到社会各方面的支持就要使尽浑身解数做好各项气象服务工作”。乌兰认为内蒙古气象事业发展路径必须根据区情来定 ,他说 :内蒙古自治区疆域辽阔 ,地跨“三北”(东北、西北、华北 )地区 ,处于中国天气气候的上游… 相似文献
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２００１年全省气象工作任务已经明确 ,在新的一年里 ,我们要振奋精神 ,开拓进取 ,突出重点 ,加大力度 ,努力完成全年工作目标。一、进一步解放思想 ,更新观念新世纪的第一年 ,纵观形势的发展和世界的变化 ,我们既面对着经济迅速发展给气象事业带来的许多发展机遇 ,同时又面临着社会对气象工作更多更高需求的严峻考验 ,面临着气象事业要进行结构改革的严峻考验。这就要求我们必须抓住机遇 ,加快发展 ,开拓进取 ,赢得主动。要时刻有紧迫感和忧患意识 ,进一步解放思想 ,更新观念 ,积极稳妥地推进以气象事业结构战略性调整为重点的各项改革 ,加… 相似文献
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我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格. 相似文献
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Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Terence Meaden S. Kochev L. Kolendowicz A. Kosa-Kiss Izolda Marcinoniene Michalis Sioutas Heino Tooming John Tyrrell 《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):446-449
2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness. 相似文献
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准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。 相似文献
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The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features. 相似文献
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由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张德二 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(2):126-130
2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡. 相似文献
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流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10
本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用. 相似文献
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Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over
the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature
(SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds.
Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early)
onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in
these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly
correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with
respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases.
The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by
the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America
during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region.
The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple
regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation
coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill
to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully
predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed.
Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002 相似文献
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Chunguang CUI Wen ZHOU Hao YANG Xiaokang WANG Yi DENG Xiaofang WANG Guirong XU Jingyu WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):711-724
Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230... 相似文献