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1.
Daily maximum urban heat island intensity in large cities of Korea   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
Summary This study investigates the characteristics of the daily maximum urban heat island (UHI) intensity in the six largest cities of South Korea (Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, Daegu, Gwangju, and Busan) during the period 1973–2001. The annually-averaged daily maximum UHI intensity in all cities tends to increase with time, but the rate of increase differs. It is found that the average annual daily maximum UHI intensity tends to be smaller in coastal cities (Incheon and Busan) than in inland cities (Daejeon, Daegu, and Gwangju), even if a coastal city is larger than an inland city.A spectral analysis shows a prominent diurnal cycle in the UHI intensity in all cities and a prominent annual cycle in coastal cities. A multiple linear regression analysis is undertaken in order to relate the daily maximum UHI intensity to the maximum UHI intensity on the previous day (PER), wind speed (WS), cloudiness (CL), and relative humidity (RH). In all cities, the PER variable is positively correlated with the daily maximum UHI intensity, while WS, CL, and RH variables are negatively correlated with it. The most important variable in all cities is PER, but the relative importance of the other three variables differs depending on city. The total variance explained by the multiple linear regression equation ranges from 29.9% in Daejeon to 44.7% in Seoul. A multidimensional scaling analysis performed with a correlation matrix obtained using the daily maximum UHI intensity data appears to distinguish three city groups. These groupings are closely connected with distances between cities. A multidimensional scaling analysis undertaken using the normalized regression coefficients obtained from the multiple linear regression analysis distinguishes three city groups. Notably, Incheon and Busan form one group, whose points in the two-dimensional space are very close. The results of a cluster analysis performed using the multivariate data of PER, WS, RH, and CL are consistent with those of the multidimensional scaling analysis. The analysis results in this study indicate that the characteristics of the UHI intensity in a coastal city are in several aspects different from those in an inland city.  相似文献   

2.
利用1972－2011年阳泉市3个国家级气象站资料、2011年36个乡镇区域自动站气温资料,分析了阳泉市城市热岛效应的年际变化、季节变化、月变化和日变化特征。结果表明：阳泉市存在弱的城市热岛效应,1972－2011年平均热岛强度0.554 ℃。阳泉市城市热岛强度整体呈显著上升趋势,热岛强度的增加主要是由于夏季热岛强度的增强;热岛强度冬、秋季强,春、夏季弱;12月最强,5月最弱;热岛强度日变化表现为12时最小,从傍晚开始随降温逐渐增大,到早晨气温降到最低时最大,日出之后迅速减小;2008－2011年最强热岛强度出现在2010年1月14日08时,达7.9 ℃。阳泉在升温天气热岛强度变幅增大,易在早晨形成较强城市热岛,下午形成城市冷岛;降温天气热岛强度变幅减小;温度变化较小时则易维持弱的城市热岛。阳泉市主要城市发展因子与霾日数、气温呈显著正相关,在目前的经济发展水平条件下,阳泉市城市化发展可能使城市温度增高,城市绿地面积的增加可能对热岛效应有缓解作用。  相似文献   

3.
Summary ¶This study examines the spatial and quantitative influence of urban factors on the surface air temperature field of the medium-sized of Szeged, Hungary, using mobile measurements under different weather conditions in the periods of March 1999–February 2000 and April–October 2002. Efforts have been concentrated on the development of the urban heat island (UHI) in its peak development during the diurnal cycle. Tasks included: (1) determination of spatial distribution of mean maximum UHI intensity and some urban surface parameters (built-up and water surface ratios, sky view factor, building height) using the standard Kriging procedure, as well as (2) development of a statistical model in the so-called heating and non-heating seasons using the above mentioned parameters and their areal extensions. In both seasons the spatial distribution of the mean maximum UHI intensity fields had a concentric shape with some local irregularities. The intensity reaches more than 2.1°C (heating season) and 3.1°C (non-heating season) in the centre of the city. For both seasons statistical model equations were determined by means of stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. As the measured and calculated mean maximum UHI intensity patterns show, there is a clear connection between the spatial distribution of the urban thermal excess and the examined land-use parameters, so these parameters play an important role in the evolution of the strong UHI intensity field. From the above mentioned parameters the sky-view factor and the building height were the most determining factors which are in line with the urban surface energy balance. Therefore in the future, using our model it will be possible to predict mean maximum UHI intensity in other cities, which have land-use features similar to Szeged.Received September 26, 2002; revised February 25, 2003; accepted March 22, 2003 Published online July 30, 2003  相似文献   

4.
This paper studies the maximum intensity of the urban heat island (UHI) that develops in Volos urban area, a medium-sized coastal city in central Greece. The maximum temperature difference between the city center and a suburb is 3.4°C and 3.1°C during winter and summer, respectively, while during both seasons the average maximum UHI intensity is 2.0°C. The UHI usually starts developing after sunset during both seasons. It could be attributed to the different nocturnal radiative cooling rate and to the different anthropogenic heat emission rate that are observed at the city center and at the suburb, as well as to meteorological conditions. The analysis reveals that during both seasons the daily maximum hourly (DMH) UHI intensity is positively correlated with solar radiation and with previous day’s maximum hourly UHI intensity and negatively correlated with wind speed. It is also negatively correlated with relative humidity during winter but positively correlated with it during summer. This difference could be attributed to the different mechanisms that mainly drive humidity levels (i.e., evaporation in winter and sea breeze (SB) in summer). Moreover, it is found that SB development triggers a delay in UHI formation in summer. The impact of atmospheric pollution on maximum UHI intensity is also examined. An increase in PM10 concentration is associated with an increase in maximum UHI intensity during winter and with a decrease during summer. The impact of PM10 on UHI is caused by the attenuation of the incoming and the outgoing radiation. Additionally, this study shows that the weekly cycle of the city activities induces a weekly variation in maximum UHI intensity levels. The weekly range of DMH UHI intensity is not very large, being more pronounced during winter (0.4°C). Moreover, a first attempt is made to predict the DMH UHI intensity by applying regression models, whose success is rather promising.  相似文献   

5.
利用阳泉市3个国家级气象站资料分析了阳泉市城市热岛效应的年际变化、季节变化、月变化和日变化特征,结果表明：阳泉市存在弱的城市热岛效应,1972年-2011年平均热岛强度0．554℃。阳泉市热岛强度冬、秋季强,春、夏季弱;12月最强,5月最弱;阳泉市热岛强度整体呈显著上升趋势,热岛强度的增加主要是由于夏季热岛强度的增强。热岛强度日变化表现为12时最小,从傍晚开始随降温逐渐增大,到早晨气温降到最低时最大,日出之后迅速减小;2008年-2011年最强热岛强度出现在2010年1月14日08时达7．9℃。阳泉市主要城市发展因子与霾日数、气温呈显著正相关,在目前的经济发展水平条件下,城市化发展可能使阳泉城市温度增高,城市绿地面积的增加可能对热岛效应有缓解。  相似文献   

6.
In this study, urban climate in Nanjing of eastern China is simulated using 1-km resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with a single-layer Urban Canopy Model. Based on the 10-summer simulation results from 2000 to 2009 we find that the WRF model is capable of capturing the high-resolution features of urban climate over Nanjing area. Although WRF underestimates the total precipitation amount, the model performs well in simulating the surface air temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation frequency and inter-annual variability. We find that extremely hot events occur most frequently in urban area, with daily maximum (minimum) temperature exceeding 36°C (28°C) in around 40% (32%) of days. Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect at surface is more evident during nighttime than daytime, with 20% of cases the UHI intensity above 2.5°C at night. However, The UHI affects the vertical structure of Planet Boundary Layer (PBL) more deeply during daytime than nighttime. Net gain for latent heat and net radiation is larger over urban than rural surface during daytime. Correspondingly, net loss of sensible heat and ground heat are larger over urban surface resulting from warmer urban skin. Because of different diurnal characteristics of urban-rural differences in the latent heat, ground heat and other energy fluxes, the near surface UHI intensity exhibits a very complex diurnal feature. UHI effect is stronger in days with less cloud or lower wind speed. Model results reveal a larger precipitation frequency over urban area, mainly contributed by the light rain events (< 10 mm d?1). Consistent with satellite dataset, around 10?C20% more precipitation occurs in urban than rural area at afternoon induced by more unstable urban PBL, which induces a strong vertical atmospheric mixing and upward moisture transport. A significant enhancement of precipitation is found in the downwind region of urban in our simulations in the afternoon.  相似文献   

7.
Air temperature was monitored at 13 sites across the urban perimeter of a Brazilian midsize city in winter 2011. In this study, we show that the urban heat island (UHI) develops only at night and under certain weather conditions, and its intensity depends not only on the site's land cover but also on the meteorological setting. The urban heat island intensity was largest (6.6 °C) under lingering high-pressure conditions, milder (3.0 °C) under cold anticyclones and almost vanished (1.0 °C) during the passage of cold fronts. The cooling rates were calculated to monitor the growth and decay of the UHI over each specific synoptic setting. Over four contiguous days under the effect of a lingering high-pressure event, we observed that the onset of cooling was always at about 2 h before sunset. The reference site attained mean cooling rate of ?2.6 °C h?1 at sunset, whilst the maximum urban rate was ?1.2 °C h?1. Under a 3-day cold anticyclone episode, cooling also started about 2 h before sunset, and the difference between maximum rural (?2.0 °C h?1) and urban (?1.0 °C h?1) cooling rates diminished. Under cold-front conditions, the cooling rate was homogeneous for all sites and swang about zero throughout the day. The air temperature has a memory effect under lingering high-pressure conditions which intensified the UHI, in addition to the larger heat storage in the urban area. Cold anticyclone conditions promoted the development of the UHI; however, the cold air pool and relatively light winds smoothed out its intensity. Under the influence of cold fronts, the urban fabric had little effect on the city's air temperature field, and the UHI was imperceptible.  相似文献   

8.
This paper describes the statistical characteristics and temporal variability of the urban heat island (UHI) intensity in Buenos Aires using 32-year surface meteorological data with 1-h time intervals. Seasonal analyses show that the UHI intensity is strongest during summer months and an “inverse” effect is found frequently during the afternoon hours of the same season. During winter, the UHI effect is in the minimal. The interannual trend and the seasonal variation of the UHI for the main synoptic hours for a longer record of 48?years are studied and associated to changes in meteorological factors as low-level circulation and cloud amount. Despite the population growth, it was found a negative trend in the nocturnal UHI intensity that could be explained by a decline of near clear-sky conditions, a negative trend in the calm frequencies and an increase in wind speed. Urban to rural temperature differences and rural temperatures are negatively correlated for diurnal and nocturnal hours both for annual and seasonal scales. This result is due to the lower interannual variability of urban temperatures in comparison to rural ones.  相似文献   

9.
The study has analyzed influence of an atmospheric circulation on urban heat island (UHI) and urban cold island (UCI) in Poznań. Analysis was conducted on the basis of temperature data from two measurement points situated in the city center and in the ?awica airport (reference station) and the data concerning the air circulation (Nied?wied?’s calendar of circulation types and reanalysis of National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)). The cases with UHI constitute about 85 % of all data, and UCI phenomena appear with a frequency of 14 % a year. The intensity of UHI phenomenon is higher in the anticyclonic circulation types. During the year in anticyclonic circulation, intensity of UHI is 1.2 °C on average while in cyclonic is only 0.8 °C. The occurring of UHI phenomena is possible throughout all seasons of the year in all hours of the day usually in anticyclonic circulation types. The cases with highest UHI intensity are related mostly to nighttime. The cases of UCI phenomena occurred almost ever on the daytime and the most frequently in colder part of the year together with cyclonic circulation. Study based on reanalysis data indicates that days with large intensity of UHI (above 4, 5, and 6 °C) are related to anticyclonic circulation. Anticyclonic circulation is also promoting the formation of the strongest UCI. Results based on both reanalysis and the atmospheric circulation data (Nied?wied?’s circulation type) confirm that cases with the strongest UHI and UCI during the same day occur in strong high-pressure system with the center situated above Poland or central Europe.  相似文献   

10.
The large-eddy simulation mode of the Weather Research and Forecasting model is employed to simulate the planetary boundary-layer characteristics and mesoscale circulations forced by an ideal urban heat island (UHI). In our simulations, the horizontal heterogeneity of the UHI intensity distribution in urban areas is considered and idealized as a cosine function. Results indicate that the UHI heating rate and the UHI intensity heterogeneity affect directly the spatial distribution of the wind field; a stronger UHI intensity produces a maximum horizontal wind speed closer to the urban centre. The strong advection of warm air from the urban area to the rural area in the upper part of the planetary boundary-layer causes a more stable atmospheric stratification over both the urban and rural areas. The mesoscale sensible heat flux caused by the UHI circulation increases with UHI intensity but vanishes when the background wind speed is sufficiently high $(>$ 3.0  $\mathrm{{m\,s}}^{-1})$ .  相似文献   

11.
Temporal characteristics of the Beijing urban heat island   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
Summary This paper describes the inter-annual trend, and the seasonal and hourly variation of the near surface urban heat island (UHI) in Beijing. The surface air temperature data (mean, maximum, and minimum) from one urban (downtown Beijing) and one rural (70 km from downtown Beijing) station were used for the period 1977 and 2000. It is found that the temperatures in both urban and rural stations show an increasing tendency. Specifically, minimum temperature shows the greatest tendency at the urban station whereas maximum temperature shows the greatest increase at the rural station. The UHI intensity obtained by calculating the difference in temperatures between the two stations identifies that the intensity is greatest and has the greatest increasing trend for minimum temperature, while the UHI intensity of maximum temperature shows a slow decrease over time. UHI intensity for minimum temperature has a strong positive correlation with the increase in the urban population and the expansion of the yearly construction area. Seasonal analyses showed the UHI intensity is strongest in winter. This seasonal UHI variation tends to be negatively correlated with the seasonal variation of relative humidity and vapor pressure. Hourly variation reveals that the strongest UHI intensity is observed in the late nighttime or evening, while the weakest is observed during the day.  相似文献   

12.
北京"城市热岛"效应现状及特征   总被引：37，自引：16，他引：21  
利用2002年北京自动气象站资料,对北京“城市热岛”效应现状进行了分析。为了与20世纪70年代的结果相比较,选择城区代表站为天安门广场站,城郊代表站为朝阳气象站站。与20世纪70年代相比,目前北京的“城市热岛”表现出一些新特点:1)利用城区与城郊日均温差表示的“城市热岛”强度的统计结果表明,现在北京的“城市热岛”效应在夏季最强,秋、冬季次之,春季最弱,2)除夏季“城市热岛”整天存在(午后的平均强度在2℃左右)以外,其他季节的午后,天安门广场地区经常出现“城市冷岛”现象。3)北京“城市热岛”消失的极限风速没有发生系统性变化,当风速>3级时,北京“城市热岛”基本上消失。作者还研究了北京“城市热岛”形成和消失的日变化特征,以及“城市热岛”强度对风速等气象要素变化的响应特征。值得指出的是,对强“城市热岛”的个案分析显示,冬季夜晚“城市热岛”强度经常表现出较大的波动性,与此相伴随,城郊地面风出现风向突变和风速的阵性现象。  相似文献   

13.
城市热岛效应的研究进展与展望   总被引：24，自引：1，他引：23  
寿亦萱  张大林 《气象学报》2012,70(3):338-353
随着世界各国城市化的进展,城市热岛效应已经成为一个跨学科领域的问题,受到包括大气环境、区域气候、水文和生态等多学科科学家的关注。在过去半个多世纪中,城市热岛问题的研究获得了相当丰富的研究成果,通过对这些成果的综合分析,归纳出城市热岛研究中采用的3类主要方法——观测(外场试验和遥感技术)、数值模拟以及实验室仿真法。系统地回顾了城市热岛效应的研究历史,重点对与城市热岛关系最密切的城市边界层、热岛环流与复杂地形的相互作用以及能量平衡研究所取得的成果进行了总结和评述。最后对城市热岛问题未来8个可能的研究方向进行了探讨,其中,包括沿海和复杂地形附近的城市热岛问题、城市群间热岛环流的相互作用、城市化与空气污染问题、城市热岛效应对平均降水的影响、城市化对雾和闪电的影响、城市天气预报的精细化、城市气候变化预测以及城市热岛效应减缓方案的制定,并对其发展前景进行了粗略的展望。  相似文献   

14.
Temperate zone deciduous tree phenology may be vulnerable to projected temperature change, and associated geographical impact is of concern to ecologists. Although many phenology models have been introduced to evaluate climate change impact, there has been little attempt to show the spatial variation across a geographical region due to contamination by the urban heat island (UHI) effect as well as the insufficient spatial resolution of temperature data. We present a practical method for assessing climate change impact on tree phenology at spatial scales sufficient to accommodate the UHI effect. A thermal time-based two-step phenological model was adapted to simulate and project flowering dates of Japanese cherry (Prunus serrulata var. spontanea) in South Korea under the changing climates. The model consists of two sequential periods: the rest period described by chilling requirements and the forcing period described by heating requirements. Daily maximum and minimum temperature are used to calculate daily chill units until a pre-determined chilling requirement for rest release is met. After the projected rest release date, daily heat units (growing degree days) are accumulated until a pre-determined heating requirement for flowering is achieved. Model parameters were derived from the observed bud-burst and flowering dates of cherry tree at the Seoul station of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), along with daily temperature data for 1923–1948. The model was validated using the observed data at 18 locations across South Korea during 1955–2004 with a root mean square error of 5.1 days. This model was used to project flowering dates of Japanese cherry in South Korea from 1941 to 2100. Gridded data sets of daily maximum and minimum temperature with a 270 m grid spacing were prepared for the climatological normal years 1941–1970 and 1971–2000 based on observations at 56 KMA stations and a geospatial interpolation scheme for correcting urban heat island effect as well as elevation effect. We obtained a 25 km-resolution, 2011–2100 temperature projection data set covering peninsular Korea under the auspices of the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change—Special Report on Emission Scenarios A2 from the Meteorological Research Institute of KMA. The data set was converted to 270 m gridded data for the climatological years 2011–2040, 2041–2070 and 2071–2100. The phenology model was run by the gridded daily maximum and minimum temperature data sets, each representing climatological normal years for 1941–1970, 1971–2000, 2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100. According to the model calculation, the spatially averaged flowering date for the 1971–2000 normal is earlier than that for 1941–1970 by 5.2 days. Compared with the current normal (1971–2000), flowering of Japanese cherry is expected to be earlier by 9, 21, and 29 days in the future normal years 2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100, respectively. Southern coastal areas might experience springs with incomplete or even no flowering caused by insufficient chilling required for breaking bud dormancy.  相似文献   

15.
A strong urban heat island (UHI) appeared in a hot weather episode in Suzhou City during the period from 25 July to 1 August 2007. This paper analyzes the urban heat island characteristics of Suzhou City under this hot weather episode. Both meteorological station observations and MODIS satellite observations show a strong urban heat island in this area. The maximum UHI intensity in this hot weather episode is 2.2℃, which is much greater than the summer average of 1.0℃ in this year and the 37-year (from 1970 to 2006) average of 0.35℃. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulation results demonstrate that the rapid urbanization processes in this area will enhance the UHI in intensity, horizontal distribution, and vertical extension. The UHI spatial distribution expands as the urban size increases. The vertical extension of UHI in the afternoon increases about 50 m higher under the year 2006 urban land cover than that under the 1986 urban land cover. The conversion from rural land use to urban land type also strengthens the local lake-land breeze circulations in this area and modifies the vertical wind speed field.  相似文献   

16.
利用MODIS地表温度数据,计算城市热岛强度指数,分析近15年广州市城市热岛的时空分布特征及演变规律,并结合气象观测数据、社会统计数据定性分析其主要影响因素。结果表明:广州市城市热岛的空间分布受地形地貌影响明显,负热岛区主要分布于森林密集的北部山区,无热岛区主要分布于中部低山丘陵区域,热岛区主要分布于高度城市化的中南部平原区。关于城市热岛的日变化规律,白天热岛区、负热岛区面积均小于夜间,但白天热岛区强度、负热岛区强度大于夜间。关于城市热岛的季节变化规律,冬季热岛区面积最大,热岛强度最小,夏季热岛区面积最小,热岛强度最大;冬季负热岛区面积最小,负热岛强度最小,夏季负热岛区面积最大,负热岛强度最大。对于城市热岛的年际变化规律,近15年来广州市的热岛区、负热岛区占全市总面积的百分比呈上升趋势,无热岛区所占百分比呈下降趋势,人为热排放在城市中心区域的持续增长,加上区内建筑物密度大、植被覆盖度低,导致了热岛区的增加,而北部山区至中部丘陵山区的植被的持续好转,加上地理特征限制了该区域的城市化发展,导致了负热岛区的增加。   相似文献   

17.
This work examines the characteristics of the urban heat island (UHI) in a medium-sized city in northern Spain (Bilbao) using 5-year climate data (2005–2009) and the results of three specific measurement campaigns (2009–2010). Urban climate variables are not only compared with those in rural sites but also local climatic differences occurring inside the city are analysed. The findings presented in this paper show the influence of complex topography and sea/land breeze in the urban climate. Spatial characteristics and temporal evolution of UHI is presented. Hourly maximum temperature anomaly (ΔT u–r, max) occurs just after sunrise and an urban cold island (UCI) is developed after midday. Along the year, mean UHI intensity is highest in autumn and the UCI effect increases in spring and summer in relation with sea breeze cooling potential. Diurnal and seasonal variation of air flow patterns appear to influence significantly on UHI intensity.  相似文献   

18.
Summary This paper examines the characteristics of the morning Urban Heat Island (UHI) in Athens basin, Greece. The study is performed by using and analyzing mesoscale and synoptic data covering the period 1990–2001. The UHI was estimated using the 0600 Local Time (LT) minimum temperature differences between rural and urban areas of the city. The analysis results in 7 UHI classes. A strong UHI was found for the 1/3 of days. The specific meteorological characteristics (surface and upper air, cooling rate) of each UHI class were revealed and examined. The spatial and temporal characteristics of the UHI were also identified. The UHI is largest on nights with clear skies and low relative humidity. In all seasons the UHI switches on rapidly in afternoon. During spring and summer, sea breeze commonly reduces and delays the UHI. Cases documenting the sensitivity and rapidity of changes of the UHI to changes in classes (cloud cover, wind) are also presented. The cooling rate is higher in the urban area under negative and lower under positive UHI conditions. Mesoscale and macroscale phenomena were examined during the different UHI classes through a weather type scheme. It was emerged that high UHI classes are associated with anticyclonic conditions or advection in the lower troposphere, while low UHI classes are associated with strong northeasterly winds. Anticyclonic conditions which frequently occur in spring and early summer, reduce or reverse the UHI to Urban Cooling Island.  相似文献   

19.
北京夏季强热岛分析及数值模拟研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  
李兴荣  胡非  舒文军 《气象》2007,33(6):25-31
应用北京地区20个常规地面气象站、2个自动气象站和中国科学院大气物理研究所325m气象铁塔的资料，对北京2003年7月热岛状况进行了统计分析，发现北京夏季夜间存在强热岛效应，夏季夜间存在强热岛效应的天数占到了1/3，强弱热岛天数合计占到了大约4/5。进一步分析7月1日强热岛特征及其气象影响因子，结果表明：夜间存在强热岛时，郊区所有测站的地面气温都要低于主城区地面气温，城市强热岛的高温中心在天安门和白家庄连线的主城区；白天日照充足的晴夜，日落后城区320m以下低层大气存在逆温和弱的风速，城区地面气温下降速率和幅度均远小于郊区，城市强热岛因此得以形成和维持。日出后至正午，北京北部郊区日照时间比城区长，郊区地面大气得到来自太阳辐射的能量多于城区，而太阳辐射的加热作用使城区低层大气逆温消失，大气稳定度减弱，并使郊区地面气温上升速率和幅度大于城区，最终导致夜间出现的强热岛减弱、消失。此外，应用MM5模式对强热岛进行了初步数值模拟研究，发现在MM5中考虑城市人为热和热储存，可以改善模式对热岛的数值模拟，表明城市人为热和热储存在夏季强热岛的形成中有重要作用。  相似文献   

20.
利用2012~2013年北京中央商务区（Central Business District,CBD）加密观测资料,分析CBD区域城市热岛（Urban Heat Island,UHI）强度日变化和空间变化特征及其影响因子。研究发现,CBD区域气温高于周边自动站气温,平均偏高0.64℃;CBD区域城市热岛强度呈现夜间强、白天弱的现象,中午甚至存在“城市冷岛”现象。季节平均UHI日变化表现为:在夜间,秋季最强,冬季次之,春季和夏季较弱;在白天,夏季最强,冬季次之,春季和秋季较弱。相对于晴朗无风天气,雾、雨、大风等天气对城市热岛有抑制作用,并结合小波分析结果发现,秋季城市热岛强度强于冬季是由于冬季雾、雨、大风等天气过程发生比例较高的缘故。CBD区域城市热岛空间变化特征研究发现,花园、学校等绿地有助于缓解城市热岛效应。雾日、雨日和大风日的CBD区域城市热岛强度空间变化标准差比晴朗无风日小。  相似文献   

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