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红外超光谱资料(AIRS)反演“云娜”台风外围晴空大气温度廓线的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
研究反演了2004年8月11日“云娜”台风附近晴空像元大气温度、臭氧廓线及表层温度、地表气压、地表比辐射率等参数,并与观测资料进行了对比验证。在研究了用高空间分辨率的MODIS成像仪的云检测信息来进行空间匹配,客观确定高光谱大气垂直探测器AIRS的云检测的基础上,用特征向量统计法反演的廓线作为物理反演法的初始猜值,然后利用牛顿非线性物理迭代法求解表层温度、表层气压、大气温度廓线和臭氧廓线等,并将反演结果与多种观测资料进行了对比验证。结果表明,反演得到的廓线水平分辨率可达到13.5 km（星下点）,垂直分辨率达到101层,反演误差较小,可以弥补高原、沙漠以及高原等地方常规观测资料的不足。 相似文献
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大气温湿度廓线是大气重要参数,在数值天气预报及天气预警中具有重要的应用价值。为获得高精度的大气温度与水汽混合比廓线数据,研究了基于Metop-A/IASI红外高光谱资料的大气温度与水汽混合比廓线变分反演方法。利用IASI高光谱传感器温度和水汽探测通道资料,结合CRTM模式和WRF模式预报技术,使用一维变分方法,研究了卫星资料质量控制、背景误差协方差本地化、观测误差协方差计算等方法,构建了大气温度及水汽混合比廓线变分反演系统,并在北京、青岛、沈阳3个地区开展了反演试验。以探空为标准的反演结果对比显示,使用WRF模式预报值作为背景场,温度的平均误差绝对值小于0.6 K,均方根误差为0.89 K;水汽混合比的平均误差绝对值小于0.021 g/kg,均方根误差为0.02 g/kg。试验结果表明:基于一维变分方法,可以利用Metop-A/IASI红外高光谱资料进行大气温度与水汽混合比廓线高精度探测。 相似文献
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利用AIRS卫星资料反演大气廓线Ⅰ.特征向量统计反演法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
官莉 《南京气象学院学报》2006,29(6):756-761
引进美国威斯康星大学的IMAPP（International MODIS／AIRS Preprocessing Package）软件包，介绍了利用高光谱分辨率大气红外探测器AIRS（Atmospheric Infrared Sounder）观测辐射值，用特征向量统计法反演大气温度、湿度等垂直廓线的算法，采用亮度温度分类和扫描角分类回归后，减小了反演误差。并将其应用到中国地区，通过与无线电探空值及欧洲中期天气预报中心ECMWF（European Center of Medium-range Weather Forecasts）客观分析场的比较，结果表明：该方法所获得的温度、水汽反演结果与探空观测及ECMWF大气廓线分布一致，且AIRS因其高光谱分辨率（即高垂直空间分辨率）显示了精细的大气结构。 相似文献
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利用地基微波辐射计资料反演0-10km大气温湿廓线试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
实测与模拟的微波辐射计亮温存在偏差,导致基于BP神经网络模型的大气温湿廓线反演精度的降低。研究了一种基于资料订正后的BP神经网络反演大气温湿廓线的方法。首先,基于2014年6月南京江宁探空资料,利用MonoRTM模式,模拟中心频率在22.2GHz~58.8GHz范围内22通道亮温;对比模拟和实测南京站微波辐射计资料,建立实测微波辐射计资料订正模型。然后,以南京地区2011-2013年探空资料为输入,模拟22通道亮温数据,并基于模拟的22通道亮温数据和当地探空资料,利用BP神经网络算法,建立大气温度、水汽密度、相对湿度廓线反演模型。最后,利用构建的订正模型,对2014年7月试验获取的微波辐射计资料进行订正,并将订正后的微波辐射计资料输入BP神经网络反演模型,反演0-10km高度58层的大气温度、水汽密度和相对湿度,对比实际探空资料以及微波辐射计二级产品,评估分析反演效果。实验结果表明：所建的反演模型提高了大气温湿廓线反演精度,大气温度、水汽密度和相对湿度均方根误差范围分别为1.0~2.0K、0.20 ~1.93g/m3和2.5%~18.6%。 相似文献
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应用FY-3A/MWHS资料反演太平洋海域晴空大气湿度廓线 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
发展Smith迭代算法,建立适用于微波波段的物理迭代算法。采用搭载于FY-3A卫星之上的微波湿度计亮温数据及矢量辐射传输模式,对我国西北太平洋海域晴空区域的大气水汽廓线进行反演计算。反演得到的水汽廓线与MODIS水汽廓线产品比较,单点结果表明,反演混合比廓线与MODIS水汽廓线趋势一致,下层水汽反演能力较中上层强;500 hPa水汽场反演结果表明,可基本反映水汽干湿中心分布情况,反演水汽混合比值与MODIS产品相比偏低。经统计所有气压层反演结果与MOD07水汽廓线产品相比偏差均控制在5.76 g/kg以内。 相似文献
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利用青藏高原地区COSMIC掩星资料反演的大气湿廓线Wet Prf数据和8个站点的探空数据,分析了COSMIC反演大气廓线和可降水量与探空观测的偏差,并考查了偏差随高度的变化特征。结果显示:(1)COSMIC反演的温度、压强和水汽压廓线与探空观测具有很好的正相关;与探空观测相比,COSMIC的温度、压强和水汽压的偏差为-0.2℃、1.7 h Pa和0 h Pa,均方差为1.8℃、1.6 h Pa和0.4 h Pa;COSMIC反演大气廓线与探空观测的偏差基本上在大气低层较大,然后随高度增加而减小。(2)COSMIC反演的可降水量与探空观测正相关较好;COSMIC反演的可降水量低于探空观测,两者的偏差为-5.0 mm,均方差为5.7 mm;两者的负偏差在大气低层最明显。(3)探空观测在近地层的不稳定性和COSMIC反演方法中背景模式在青藏高原地区描述大气状态的能力有限,是造成COSMIC反演大气廓线和探空观测的偏差在近地层较大的主要原因;COSMIC观测的折射率偏小导致其反演的可降水量偏低。 相似文献
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针对在研仪器——大气辐射超高光谱探测仪的临边探测模式,模拟计算了大气温度和水汽的权重函数。以此为基础,利用信息量和权重函数线性化方法,结合仪器的可探测亮温阈值0.3 K,计算并分析6种大气状态下,大气温度和水汽混合比廓线在不同反演精度条件下可获得的光谱通道数,在满足最佳光谱通道数200的要求下,理论上预估其反演精度。温度廓线整体反演精度为0.6 K,水汽混合比廓线反演精度可达到5%,但热带大气在16~20 km高度的水汽廓线反演精度仅为10%。反演精度预估,仅提供了一种全面认识仪器性能的方法,精度的确定还有赖于真实探测数据的获取和反演方法。 相似文献
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前文给出了卫星红外观测资料的反演处理方法，并对方法作了理论上的分析，在本文中，我们将此方法应用到TOVS、GOES-8实际资料及AIRS模拟观测资料处理中并重点对TOVS资料进行试验。在反演中，我们将大气温度廓线和水汽混合比（lnq）廓线用各自的经验正交函数（EOF）表示以提高反演的稳定性并缩短计算时间，同时采用一种过滤操作以加速迭代的收敛速度。除了用本文提出的方法对TOVS资料进行处理外，还用国际TOVS处理软件包（ITPP-4.0）对同样的资料进行反演。试验表明，本文方法的反演结果优于ITPP的结果。AIRS模拟反演结果表明，高分辨率红外垂直探测器的遥感精度能够达到温度1 K、水汽10%。 相似文献
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In this study,we derived atmospheric profiles of temperature,moisture,and ozone,along with surface emissivity,skin temperature,and surface pressure,from infrared-sounder radiances under clear sky (cloudless) condition.Clouds were detected objectively using the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder under a relatively low spatial resolution and cloud-mask information from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer under a high horizontal resolution;this detection was conducted using space matching.Newton’s nonlinear physical iterative solution technique is applied to the radiative transfer equation (RTE) to retrieve temperature profiles,relative humidity profiles,and surface variables simultaneously.This technique is carried out by using the results of an eigenvector regression retrieval as the background profile and using corresponding iterative forms for the weighting functions of temperature and water-vapor mixing ratio.The iterative forms are obtained by applying the variational principle to the RTE.We also compared the retrievals obtained with different types of observations.The results show that the retrieved atmospheric sounding profile has great superiority over other observations by accuracy and resolution.Retrieved profiles can be used to improve the initial conditions of numerical models and used in areas where conventional observations are sparse,such as plateaus,deserts,and seas. 相似文献
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Temperature and Water Vapor Weighting Functions from Radiative Transfer Equation with Surface Emissivity and Solar Reflectivity 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
Linearization of Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) is the key step in physical retrieval of atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles from InfRared (IR) sounder observations. In this paper, the successive forms of temperature and water vapor mixing ratio component weighting functions are derived by applying one term variation method to RTE with surface emissivity and solar reflectivity contained. Retrivals of temperature and water vapor mixing ratio profiles from simulated Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) observations with surface emissivity and solar reflectivity are presented. 相似文献
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Simultaneous Non-linear Retrieval of Atmospheric Temperature and Absorbing Constituent Profiles from Satellite Infrared Sounder Radiances 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
Based on Zeng’s theory (1974), a successive linearized form of radiative transfer equation (RTE) is derived for simultaneous retrieval of atmospheric temperature and absorbing constituent profiles from satellite infrared observa-tions. It contains the temperature component weighting function and absorbing constituent (H2O, O3, CH4 etc.) com-ponent weighting functions. All these weighting functions reach maximum at their own “optimum information levels”, and make the remote sensing equations well-conditional. Then the atmospheric profiles are derived by Newton’s non-linear iteration method. Experiments of retrieval from both TIROS-N operational High Resolution Infrared Sounder (HIRS) and the simulated Atmospheric infRared Sounder (AIRS) show an significant improvement. 相似文献
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根据微波湿度计MHS(Microwave Humidity Sounder)辐射率资料及GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and Pr Ediction System)模式的特点,建立适用于MHS资料的偏差订正系统,该系统包括扫描和气团偏差订正,其中气团偏差订正考虑水汽资料的特性,采用三种不同预报因子组合的方案。偏差订正结果表明:MHS各个通道的扫描偏差表现出不同特征;偏差订正后观测残差基本服从均值为零的高斯分布,且观测残差的均值有所降低并随时间变化平稳;三种气团偏差订正方案都有明显的订正效果,其中方案三的订正效果最佳。 相似文献
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Summary A microwave radiometer with channels near the 18 GHz water vapor line and in nearby windows, the Special Sensor Microwave/Temperature-2 (SSM/T-2) was launched on a Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellite in November of 1991. The instrument is intended to provide data for the retrieval of atmospheric water vapor profiles. Because the relationship between the radiances observed by the instrument and the water vapor profile are both non-linear and non-local and because of the influence of clouds, the interpretation of the radiances is inherently complex. Here we develop a simplified, albeit approximate, algorithm for the profile retrievals and test it with simulation studies. Specifically it is shown that for each channel of the instrument near the 183 GHz line there is a nearly constant overburden of water vapor above the height at which the atmospheric temperature equals the observed brightness temperature. This relationship, in turn, provides the basis for a simple analytic algorithm for the relative humidity immediately above that height.The simplified algorithm is useful as a first guess for iterative solutions to the non-linear equations and for a variety of analyses such as estimating the impact of uncertainty in the radiances or the temperature profile on the retrieved water vapor profile. It is also useful as a conceptual tool to aid in the understanding of the more complex algorithms.With 7 Figures 相似文献
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卫星大气探测仪器的正演模拟是卫星资料同化和定量遥感的基础, 同CO2吸收通道相比, 目前红外水汽探测通道的亮温正演模拟误差较大。利用国际上通用的TIGR (thermodynamic initial guess retrieval database) 43廓线库作为训练样本, NESDIS (national environment satellite, data and information service) 35廓线库作为独立检验样本, 对水汽廓线按照整层大气水汽总量为阈值进行分组训练, 基于RTTOV (radiative transfer for TOVS) 模型训练获得风云三号气象卫星红外分光计的正演回归系数并模拟计算观测亮温。以0.045 kg·m-2作阈值进行分组训练为例, 结果表明:该方法可有效改进水汽通道亮温的正演精度, 特别是对低水汽含量廓线的模拟精度改进比较明显, 最大可达0.17 K。进一步分析表明:分组训练方法改进水汽通道辐射模拟精度的原因是提高了水汽光学厚度的计算精度。 相似文献
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Cloud Base Height and Effective Cloud Emissivity Retrieval with Ground-Based Infrared Interferometer 
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下载免费PDF全文 Based on ground-based Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) observations in Shouxian, Anhui province, China, the authors retrieve the cloud base height (CBH) and effective cloud emissivity by using the minimum root-mean-square difference method. This method was originally developed for satellite remote sensing. The high-temporal-resolution retrieval results can depict the trivial variations of the zenith clouds continu-ously. The retrieval results are evaluated by comparing them with observations by the cloud radar. The comparison shows that the retrieval bias is smaller for the middle and low cloud, especially for the opaque cloud. When two layers of clouds exist, the retrieval results reflect the weighting radiative contribution of the multi-layer cloud. The retrieval accuracy is affected by uncertainties of the AERI radiances and sounding profiles, in which the role of uncertainty in the temperature profile is dominant. 相似文献
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Assimilating satellite radiances into Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models has become an important approach to increase the accuracy of numerical weather forecasting. In this study, the assimilation technique scheme was employed in NOAA’s STMAS (Space-Time Multiscale Analysis System) to assimilate AMSU-A radiances data. Channel selection sensitivity experiments were conducted on assimilated satellite data in the first place. Then, real case analysis of AMSU-A data assimilation was performed. The analysis results showed that, following assimilating of AMSU-A channels 5–11 in STMAS, the objective function quickly converged, and the channel vertical response was consistent with the AMSU-A weighting function distribution, which suggests that the channels can be used in the assimilation of satellite data in STMAS. With the case of the Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan Island in August 2009 as an example, experiments on assimilated and unassimilated AMSU-A radiances data were designed to analyze the impact of the assimilation of satellite data on STMAS. The results demonstrated that assimilation of AMSU-A data provided more accurate prediction of the precipitation region and intensity, and especially, it improved the 0–6h precipitation forecast significantly. 相似文献