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1.
2018年6月8日,在1804号台风“艾云尼”螺旋雨带中发生了两次陆龙卷天气,分别袭击了广州市南沙区横沥镇和佛山市南海区大沥镇。利用广州CINRAD/SA多普勒天气雷达、佛山CINRAD/XD多普勒天气雷达、5 min间隔的地面自动气象站和MICAPS等资料,研究了两次陆龙卷的天气背景、环境参数和龙卷风暴中尺度结构特征。结果表明:广州南沙龙卷为台风环流外围龙卷,位于台风中心的东北象限,强度为EF3级;佛山南海龙卷为台风环流内部龙卷,位于台风中心的东侧,强度为EF1级。龙卷均发生在中低空强东南急流在珠江口附近上下叠加和高层辐散的有利大尺度环流背景下。环境条件表现为较强的低层风垂直切变和较大的风暴相对螺旋度（SRH）、较小的对流有效位能（CAPE）和对流抑制能量（CIN）、极低的抬升凝结高度（LCL）;地面存在中尺度辐合线和小尺度涡旋。广州S波段雷达探测到两次龙卷母风暴的低层钩状回波和入流缺口回波特征及低层中等强度中气旋,龙卷出现在钩状回波顶端、中气旋中心附近。佛山X波段双偏振雷达清晰地探测到佛山南海区大沥龙卷的微型超级单体和龙卷碎片特征（TDS）。 相似文献
2.
2016年6月23下午,江苏阜宁发生罕见的冰雹、龙卷特大自然灾害,造成了巨大的经济损失和人员伤亡。本文利用盐城SA新一代雷达资料分析此次过程的风暴特征,并与2018年5月12日邢台的冰雹大风天气过程进行简单对比。结果表明:阜宁龙卷发生于200 hPa高空急流出口区右侧,为500 hPa槽前强盛的西南暖湿气流控制,中层存在干冷空气,低层有明显的切变,环境场具有高对流有效位能(CAPE)、较强的垂直风切变(WSR)和较低的抬升凝结高度(LCL);阜宁龙卷产生前,风暴的最大反射率因子强度(Zmax)、强回波中心高度(HT)、回波顶高(TOP)持续增加,垂直累积液态含水量(VIL)激增,龙卷发生前2个体扫,HT和VIL出现骤降;阜宁龙卷过程出现明显的三体散射现象,对大冰雹预警具有指示意义;阜宁龙卷风暴具有经典超级单体的钩状回波和强中气旋特征,并伴有TVS,是一例由庞大的超级单体风暴形成龙卷的特大灾害,相比于邢台冰雹大风过程,其旺盛阶段的风暴参数明显大于后者。 相似文献
3.
2019年7月3日辽宁开原EF4级强龙卷形成条件、演变特征和机理 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
综合应用高时空分辨率多源观测资料,分析了2019年7月3日下午辽宁开原EF4级强龙卷的天气形势、环境条件、对流触发、对流风暴演变特征和龙卷的形成与消亡机制。开原龙卷发生在东北冷涡西南侧500 hPa西北气流、850 hPa切变线、地面强西南暖湿气流中;除了对流层中下层相对湿度低、抬升凝结高度较高是开原龙卷的不利环境条件外,其他有利于强中气旋龙卷的环境条件都具备。但风廓线雷达观测和天气雷达观测的径向速度场显示0～1 km垂直风切变的增强具有中尺度特征,表明边界层强风与中层急流相耦合形成了非常有利于龙卷的垂直风切变条件。形成开原龙卷的直接系统是一孤立超级单体,具有典型的超级单体雷达回波特征、强中气旋和龙卷涡旋特征等;其由地面干线辐合线与东侧的阵风锋辐合线共同作用触发。该对流风暴前部产生的降水先使得开原及周边地区大气快速饱和、显著改善了大气低层湿度条件,当对流风暴后部钩状回波部分移动到该区域时,有利于其不太强的下沉气流产生强度适宜的冷池,加之边界层强暖湿气流入流、强低层和中层垂直风切变与强烈上升气流的共同作用,从而产生了该次开原龙卷。地面自动站观测温度分布表明,开原龙卷超级单体的冷池与环境大气温度差异在2~4℃时有利于龙卷形成,而当对流风暴的强下沉气流使冷池温差加大到7℃时,不利于近地面垂直涡度维持,导致龙卷消亡。 相似文献
4.
利用常规观测资料、多普勒天气雷达资料和区域加密自动站资料对1713号台风"天鸽"外围的龙卷过程进行分析,结果表明:(1)此次龙卷过程发生在台风外围螺旋云带前部,物理量分析表明广西东南部具有较大的不稳定度能量,抬升凝结高度较低,低层垂直风切变较大,具有利于龙卷发生的环境热力和动力条件。中尺度地面辐合线触发出新生对流单体,该对流单体在高温高湿和强不稳定状态环境中最终发展为龙卷。(2)此次龙卷为微超级单体风暴,具有低层有钩状回波、中高层回波悬垂和有界弱回波区(BWER)等典型超级单体特征,低层钩状回波的演变与龙卷的生消密切相关。(3)中气旋先于低层钩状回波出现,钩状回波形成于强中气旋附近。龙卷发生时中气旋底高在2㎞左右,TVS切变底部高度0.5㎞左右并且不断下降,与龙卷漏斗状云柱高度逐渐下降接地的趋势一致。 相似文献
5.
一次龙卷风天气的特征分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
利用河南濮阳CINRDA/SB多普勒雷达探测资料,结合常规天气图资料、地面加密自动站资料等,对2009年7月16日发生在河南濮阳的龙卷天气过程进行诊断分析,结果表明:这次龙卷天气过程发生在副热带高压边缘西北侧、低空急流左前方的暖切变线附近;龙卷发生前大气环境具有较大的对流不稳定能量,低层存在大的风垂直切变和丰富的水汽;多普勒雷达反射率因子图上表现为移动的弓形回波北段强烈发展形成钩状回波,龙卷生成于钩状回波弱回波区附近。径向速度图上表现为在大范围入流风场中出现伴有辐合的γ中尺度气旋式涡旋,涡旋进一步发展加强导致其中央龙卷涡旋的产生,产生龙卷风天气。另外,强回波、低回波顶高、低层强垂直风切变都是这次龙卷过程中多普勒雷达产品特征。 相似文献
6.
利用逐日4次1°×1°FNL/NCEP分析资料及多普勒天气雷达、地面自动气象站等观测资料,在对近十年江苏梅雨期龙卷天气的环境特征进行合成分析并提炼对流参数特征值后,着重对2013年7月7日发生在安徽天长至江苏高邮一带导致龙卷的对流风暴的形成和结构特征演变进行了分析。结果表明:江淮梅雨期间,地面中尺度气旋的右侧附近(100 km)、对流层低层中尺度低涡右下方约200~300km处和低空急流左后侧之间区域是龙卷易发区;梅雨期大气环流背景为龙卷的发生提供了对流层低层充沛的水汽和有利的不稳定层结与动力条件,低层气旋性涡度在龙卷发生前强烈发展,边界层内强的垂直风切变促进了龙卷风暴内气旋性涡度的迅速增强,而对流层低层辐合的增强将有利于初始对流的触发;但梅雨期龙卷对对流不稳定能量蓄积条件要求低于冰雹和雷暴大风;龙卷对流参数特征值及其与气候平均值的差异性为龙卷天气的短期预报提供了参考依据。引发2013年7月7日龙卷的对流风暴起源于地面辐合线附近,地面辐合及中尺度锋区的增强有利于对流风暴的快速发展,此次系列龙卷是由一个生命史较长的超级单体风暴产生,该对流风暴具有典型超级单体的回波特征,风暴内的中气旋维持2h之久,中气旋相关参数的演变对龙卷的临近预警有较高的参考价值,当中气旋底高较低且中气旋切变值明显增强时,发生龙卷天气的可能性较大。 相似文献
7.
2021年6月1日和6月9日黑龙江省哈尔滨尚志市及阿城区和齐齐哈尔梅里斯区分别发生双龙卷事件。利用常规气象观测、多普勒天气雷达等资料对比分析二者的多尺度特征。结果表明:两次龙卷均发生在东北冷涡的东南象限，高空急流出口区左侧，中低层偏南气流有利于暖湿气流输送和垂直运动发展。6月1日和6月9日分别以短时强降水和雷暴大风天气为主，6月1日水汽条件、垂直运动、0~1 km高度垂直风切变和抬升凝结高度更有利于产生强龙卷，且中尺度气旋维持时间更长。干线与地面辐合线为中尺度触发机制。雷暴冷池出流与中尺度暖锋形成的伪冷锋有利于龙卷的发展和维持。龙卷出现在地面伪冷锋与干线交界处的湿区一侧，冷池前沿，龙卷母云为超级单体。暖湿气流产生的入流缺口是钩状回波发展的前兆，中等到高强度的中尺度气旋在3 km高度产生并发展，5~10 min后触地，当钩状回波与中尺度气旋同时出现时龙卷产生。 相似文献
8.
利用常规观测、地面自动气象站、多普勒天气雷达、现场灾调及互联网视频等资料,对2018年6月8日发生在广东省佛山市南海区大沥镇的1804号“艾云尼”台风龙卷天气过程进行分析。结果表明:龙卷发生在台风“艾云尼”登陆后前进方向的右后侧,强度为EF1级。高层辐散抽吸、中低空强劲的东南风急流叠加和地面中尺度辐合线的抬升触发作用是其有利的环流背景。对流参数表现为弱的对流有效位能和对流抑制能量、强低层风垂直切变、低抬升凝结高度和大的风暴相对螺旋度。产生龙卷的风暴为低质心微超级单体风暴,龙卷出现在钩状回波的弱回波区内。速度图上中气旋提前龙卷约30 min,临近龙卷发生时中气旋旋转速度增至最强,尺度缩小,底高降至最低,对龙卷预警有一定指示作用。 相似文献
9.
综合应用自动站、雷达、卫星、探空等多源观测资料和ERA-5高分辨率再分析资料,详细分析了2020年6月12日江苏高邮EF2级龙卷的天气背景、环境条件、中尺度系统和对流风暴的演变特征,并总结了监测预警经验和预报思考。结果发现:此次高邮龙卷出现在江苏入梅后首场暴雨中,天气形势与2016年6月23日阜宁EF4级龙卷过程有部分相似,具有梅雨锋龙卷典型特征,产生龙卷的对流系统位于500 hPa东移西风槽前,850 hPa低涡西南象限和低空急流左前端,伴有较强对流不稳定能量和较低抬升凝结高度,不同点在于对流有效位能和垂直风切变弱于阜宁龙卷过程;龙卷出现在地面移动的β中尺度低压顶部,处于地面辐合区和暖湿舌内,风暴中心附近辐合急剧增强可能对应于龙卷出现;产生龙卷的风暴具有较长生命史,在龙卷产生前60 min已识别到连续龙卷涡旋特征(TVS),移经高邮湖面风暴加强出现中气旋(M)并与TVS并存8个体扫,龙卷接地前TVS底高明显下降且切变增强,随时间演变中气旋直径呈“倒梯形”垂直结构、速度切变迅速增强下探,这些雷达特征可作为龙卷临近预警的重要参考。 相似文献
10.
2019年4月13日广东徐闻强龙卷天气分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规高空地面观测、广东省区域加密自动站、湛江多普勒雷达以及FY-4A高分辨可见光云图等资料对2019年4月13日广东省湛江市徐闻县EF3级强龙卷过程进行分析。结果表明:强龙卷发生在低纬地区海岸带附近,路径长约16 km,历经"三次陆上、两次海上"的复杂过程,持续约36 min。产生龙卷超级单体的中尺度对流系统出现在地面暖低压槽前、中低层显著西南气流和偏南急流汇合处;环境条件表现为强的垂直风切变、低的抬升凝结高度、大的风暴相对螺旋度和能量螺旋度,地面存在触发对流的中尺度辐合线和小尺度涡旋。龙卷罕见地经过徐闻县和安镇政府自动站,该站受到龙卷涡旋不同部位影响,风向随时间呈顺转—逆转—顺转的变化特征,并测到15级强风;气压和气温陡降,平均气压、平均气温最大降幅分别为2.6 hPa·(5 min)-1、1.7℃·(5 min)-1。龙卷发生在一个主要伴随正地闪、高质心的超级单体风暴中,钩状回波和回波悬垂特征明显,并伴有低层强中气旋和龙卷涡旋特征;中气旋强度和顶高呈反位相变化,3次(2次)强度峰值(谷值)和3次(2次)顶高谷值(峰值)正好与龙卷3次(2次)陆上(入海)活动时间对应,龙卷在陆地上(海面上)时,中气旋较强(较弱)、顶高较低(较高)。龙卷出现在钩状回波顶端、β中尺度对流系统上风侧TBB梯度最大处、水汽羽之下和中气旋底高低于500 m期间。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献