共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
一次陕西关中强暴雨中尺度系统特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用高分辨率中尺度数值模式WRF模拟了2007年8月8-9日陕西关中强暴雨过程,根据模式输出结果对强暴雨中尺度对流系统(MCS)的发生、发展规律、形成原因和三维结构,特别是暴雨过程中3个大暴雨中心的β中尺度对流系统(MβCS)的细微结构包括三维流场、动力和热力结构进行了分析。结果表明,此次强暴雨过程与一个α中尺度低涡的生成密切相关,其内部强烈发展的MβCS直接产生了岐山、礼泉、高陵3个强暴雨中心的对流降水;MβCS在850,700和500 hPa上分别表现为辐合(涡旋)系统、西北—东南向暖式切变线和阶梯槽。高空西风急流入口区右侧的动力强迫是对流层高层暴雨区辐散形成和加强的原因,动力强迫引起的非地转风是暴雨形成的原因之一;中空阶梯槽携带的干冷空气从后方流入雨团起到了对流不稳定的加强作用;低层和地面不同方向的风和风速形成的中尺度辐合以及中尺度西南急流和东南急流触发了强降水的发生,强降水的发生又激发了中尺度急流扰动,中尺度急流扰动对暴雨维持和加强起到了反馈作用;秦岭山脉的屏障作用和关中喇叭口地形的动力抬升作用有助于关中强暴雨的发生和加强。产生3个强暴雨中心的MβCS有不同的流场、动力、热力垂直结构:中低层不同方向和不同层次的气流流入β中尺度降水云塔,在不同高度上形成了不同的垂直环流支,云塔中的上升气流一直伸展到200 hPa(或150 hPa)后向东南、东北流出;歧山暴雨中心450 hPa以上为强辐散,450 hPa以下暴雨中心南侧为弱辐散和辐合、北侧为辐合和弱辐散,垂直上升运动先向南、后向北倾斜直至对流层顶;相当位温呈双高能中心形成的双重位势不稳定层结结构,温度则表现为中层两个暖中心、上下层冷中心的特征;礼泉和高陵暴雨中心为整层强上升运动柱与强散度柱和正涡度柱耦合,礼泉上升运动柱存在一个高、低层冷而中上层暖的特征,具有类似于地面气压场的鞍形结构,即中低层不稳定、中高层稳定、中层为中性的层结结构;高陵暴雨中心南缘550 hPa以下是高能量和温度离差锋区,其上空400 hPa以下为近饱和水汽柱。 相似文献
2.
利用常规观测资料\, 卫星观测的高时空分辨率TBB资料以及客观分析资料, 对2002年6月22~23日(“02.6”)一次非典型的梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了天气分析。在此基础上, 利用中尺度数值模式MM5对此次梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了数值模拟, 并分析了暴雨中尺度系统的结构特征。结果表明： （1）天气分析显示, “02.6”梅雨锋暴雨过程与α中尺度低涡的东移发展和对流层低层的两支低空急流的增强发展有关。对流层低层700 hPa为一个缓慢东移与南压的东北西南向冷式切变线, 暖式切变线不太明显, 这与通常的江淮切变线梅雨锋暴雨不同。对流层500 hPa的副热带高压非常强, 高层200 hPa对流层高层的反气旋环流非常强并与高空急流相伴, 南亚高压中心位于我国江南地区。（2）TBB资料分析表明, 此次暴雨过程产生与多个β中尺度系统合并发展成α中尺度系统以及此后从α中尺度系统中不断分裂出β中尺度系统发展演变密切相关; 强中尺度对流系统主要在中尺度低涡冷、 暖切变线的的南侧发生和发展, 并不是在中尺度低涡的冷暖切变线上发展。（3）垂直结构分析显示： 在中尺度系统开始发展阶段, 中尺度系统具有强的垂直于剖面的风分量切变、 低空急流核以及高空强辐散低空强辐合, 这有利于中尺度系统的发展; 当中尺度低涡发展到相对成熟的阶段, 其后部不断分裂出中小尺度系统, 对流层低层的θe具有明显暖心结构, 由于气块绝热上升冷却效应比对流潜热释放作用强, 导致在800~600 hPa层上 θe比环境的低, 加之在强上升运动的顶部两侧的下沉补偿气流也比较弱, 这不利于中尺度低涡的维持。 相似文献
3.
大气运动非平衡强迫与“98·7”突发性特大暴雨诊断分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
应用常规气象和卫星资料,对1998年7月21日发生在武汉附近地区的突发性特大暴雨过程进行了分析,结果显示(1)引发本次突发性特大暴雨的系统是一个中-β尺度对流云团.(2)该中-β尺度暴雨系统在对流层高低层没有独立的负、正涡度大值中心区与之对应,辐合层并不十分深厚(低于500hPa),且气流散合强度(10-4s-1)较旋转强度(10-5s-1)大一个量级(D＞＞ζ).(3)在暴雨发生前10余小时,大气运动已处于较强的非平衡状态,且越临近暴雨发生,U＜0的非平衡性越强;而在暴雨达到强盛期后,大气运动即由U＜0的非平衡态转为U＞0的非平衡态.(4)对流层低层大气运动非平衡动力强迫与200hPa等压面上的中-β尺度强辐散是本例暴雨和中-β尺度暴雨系统发生发展的重要动力启动机制. 相似文献
4.
陕西中南部一次突发性大暴雨过程分析 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
利用常规观测资料、陕西地面加密观测资料、FY2-2C卫星TBB资料,对2007年8月8-9日陕西中南部突发性大暴雨过程进行了诊断分析.结果表明:500hPa中尺度切变线、700hPa低涡是这次暴雨的主要影响系统,MCC是造成此次暴雨的直接原因.暴雨的发生发展与湿位涡的时空演变有很好的对应关系,湿位涡"正负区叠加"的配置是暴雨发展的有利形势.暴雨区发生在700hPa湿位涡正压项的零线附近及负值区等值线密集区中,700hPa低涡东侧的强辐合区与200hPa西北风高空急流右侧的强辐散区叠置,为暴雨区提供了持续强劲的上升运动. 相似文献
5.
一次强梅雨暴雨过程的数值模拟和伴随的中尺度系统分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
利用PSU／NCAR的中尺度非静力数值预报模式MM5，采用高分辨率套网格方案和适当的物理过程，对2002年7月22日08时到23日08时的一次强梅雨暴雨过程和伴随的中-β尺度系统进行了数值模拟，模拟结果很好地描述了本次暴雨降水的时空分布及相伴随的中-β尺度系统的发生发展过程。试验结果表明，梅雨切变线上出现的一串中-β尺度系统是此次暴雨的直接影响系统；高空中尺度辐散系统的存在和变化方式对中-β系统的发展有重要的影响；中低层中尺度涡旋的形成会导致尺度更小的强冷暖平流的出现，从而进一步激励中尺度系统自身的斜压发展；降水潜热对暴雨的发展和维持也有重要的反馈作用。 相似文献
6.
2005年6月华南特大连续性暴雨的环境条件和中尺度扰动分析 总被引：17，自引：9，他引：8
利用常规观测站、地面加密站资料、卫星红外云图TBB和NCEP再分析资料,对2005年6月19-24日发生在广东的特大连续性暴雨过程进行了分析.天气分析表明:高空南亚高压前部的强辐散场,500 hPa河套阻塞高压以及低层低涡切变线横卧在江淮一带、低空急流源源不断地向华南输送暖湿气流的这种大尺度环流形势和相应的大范围动力热力及水汽条件,决定了暴雨的多发时期和持续性;区域暴雨多发期内5次强降水的具体发生和间歇,则与暴雨区大气动力、热力及水汽条件的5个α中尺度时间变化与震荡密切联系并受其影响;暴雨区动力条件的α中尺度时间变化与特定的大尺度环流背景下高低空急流的演变有密切的关系.降水的中尺度特征分析表明:暴雨过程中5场暴雨的发展和间歇对应5个α中尺度系统的发展和减弱,暴雨是由19个β中尺度系统直接造成19个β中尺度大雨团形成.进一步分析表明:强降水主要发生在地面静止锋和锋前暖区的中尺度切变线(或中尺度辐合线)和中尺度涡旋或中尺度辐合中心附近,中尺度涡旋内的降水是由飑线上γ中尺度对流单体形成的"列车效应"产生的,而中尺度切变线附近的降水则是飑线的发展合并加强产生的.发生在冷式切变线附近的强降水移动速度较快,发生在暖式切变线附近的强降水移动缓慢,发生在辐合中心的强降水在原地发展达最强后随辐合中心转为切变线减弱或直接在原地减弱消失而结束. 相似文献
7.
利用中尺度数值模式MM5模拟产品和CINRAD／SC多普勒天气雷达资料，对2005年9月20日一次鲁南地区大范围的切变线暴雨过程进行分析，表明，稳定的大尺度环流背景下的纬向切变线是产生暴雨的天气尺度系统，切变线上多个中小尺度气旋性涡旋使降水强度增大，造成局部特大暴雨；对流层中低层稳定维持的西南气流为强降水提供了水汽和不稳定能量，并造成大气层结对流性不稳定，也使降水得以持续；强降水区上空存在正涡度柱、散度柱、上升运动柱，涡度和上升运动柱中在高、低层各存在一个大值中心，散度场低空辐合高空辐散明显，当低层上升运动中心降低到850hPa以下和涡度、散度柱发生倾斜时，雨强则迅速减小。 相似文献
8.
“07.6”广西柳州极端暴雨过程的多尺度特征分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、常规观测资料、自动站、雷达及FY-2C卫星资料,分析了2007年6月12-13日广西柳州极端暴雨过程的多尺度特征,并探讨了此次暴雨过程的成因.结果显示:500hPa高原东侧的低槽引导冷空气南下,地面准静止锋南移进入广西境内,在地面形成锋面低槽的形势.暴雨发生在850hPa低涡切变线上,暴雨中心与β中尺度低涡扰动有很好的对应关系.这次过程的主要降水系统是南部的对流云团和锋面附近的中尺度对流复合体(MCC).柳州极端暴雨由两个雨团造成,其中一个雨团强度大,持续时间长,这与强降水回波的列车效应和地面中尺度辐合线有关,是柳州高强度降水得以长时间维持的主要原因. 相似文献
9.
运用卫星云图、雷达回波、Micaps常规及物理资料，对2005年6月5～7日南宁市一次大暴雨的中-αMCS分析，结果发现它发生在200hPa强辐散作用、低层切变线靠近高层辐合区，以及地面倒槽辐合区强上升垂直运动的耦合有利的环境场中。中-αMCS具有低层气旋式辐合、高层反气旋式辐散的配置，高层辐散是低层5倍以上。中-αMCS在发生发展过程中，有来源于孟加拉湾、南海、西太平洋充沛的水汽输送，主要输送层在925hPa。暴雨发生时对流不稳定。雷达径向风速分布揭示了这次暴雨中存在尺度很小的边界层辐合、低层冷平流的动力触发作用。 相似文献
10.
采用常规气象观测、地面加密降水资料、FY-2E卫星逐时TBB资料以及WRFV3.3高分辨率模式输出资料,对2010年7月12—13日安庆罕见特大暴雨过程的中尺度对流系统的发生发展、结构特征及形成原因进行了综合分析。WRFV3.3中尺度非静力模式很好地模拟了此次切变线暴雨的雨带走向、几个暴雨中心的位置和强度,以及中尺度对流系统的整个发展过程。分析结果表明:此次特大暴雨是在高层200 hPa强大的南亚高压稳定少动,中层500 hPa的短波槽的生成、转向和发展与副高的维持,低层的700 hPa和850 hPa中尺度低涡、切变线以及地面梅雨锋扰动的共同作用下造成的;700 hPa低涡、切变线以及沿切变线相继生成和强烈发展的β中尺度对流系统是这次特大暴雨的直接制造者。细网格模拟结果揭示,安庆特大暴雨与850 hPa上的β中尺度对流系统(MβCS)的生成和强烈发展直接相关。该MβCS具有明显的动力—热力结构特征,显示:强上升运动与饱和气柱的耦合,强散度柱与强涡柱的耦合发展,强上升运动与位势不稳定的耦合发展,湿静力不稳定与湿对称不稳定共存。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
17.
18.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献