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1.
利用天津新一代天气雷达探测到的2008年6～9月共56次渤海湾海风锋天气过程资料、 255 m高的气象铁塔资料及相应的自动气象站资料, 统计分析了渤海湾海风锋的气候特征, 包括渤海湾海风锋出现的时间、 频率和海风锋触发形成雷暴天气的演变特征。结果表明, 2008年6～9月雷达共观测到渤海湾海风锋56次; 每日海风锋的形成时间有所不同, 最早形成时间是09：30（北京时, 下同）, 最晚在16：00; 维持时间也各有长短, 最长维持时间为6.5 h, 最短的仅1 h; 伸展到内陆的一般距离为70～80 km, 最远距离达120 km, 高度一般为1.5 km, 最高为2.0 km。同时, 结合2002-2007年典型的海风锋天气个例分析表明, 单一海风锋由于水平范围小, 垂直厚度最高为2 km, 一般不能形成雷暴天气。但是, 当它与西边很弱的冷锋形成一定角度（30°～90°）碰撞时, 在碰撞的交叉处能够形成雷暴天气; 当海风锋与其它系统呈追赶碰撞时, 一般不能形成雷暴天气; 当海风锋与其它系统平行碰撞时, 有时雷暴加强, 有时雷暴减弱。 相似文献
2.
应用天津CINRAD/SA雷达探测到的边界层辐合线信息,对2008—2009年6—9月发生在天津地区的边界层辐合线进行了统计分析,与2002—2007年海风锋触发形成的局地强对流天气分析相结合,研究结果表明:天津地区边界层辐合线的雷达低仰角基本反射率因子产品的回波特征一般表现为弱的窄带回波,回波强度仅为15~25 dBZ,宽度一般为3~10 km。在合适的层结状态和水汽条件下,这些边界层辐合线的演变和碰撞与强对流天气的发生、发展密切相关。单一边界层辐合线一般不能形成大范围的雷暴天气;两条以上边界层辐合线之间碰撞,一般在碰撞交叉处能够形成强对流天气。若已存在强对流天气,则强对流天气将加强。 相似文献
3.
对2007年8月13日天津多普勒天气雷达(CIN RAD WSR/98D)探测的雷暴天气个例进行分析,结果表明:此次雷暴天气是由渤海湾海风锋与阵风锋碰撞形成的;碰撞后,在海风锋前端、阵风锋前部有新的雷暴单体形成;阵风锋后部的对流回波主体加强,对流回波主体由椭圆状加强为典型的弓状。应用天津36个自动气象站的地面六要素资料和北京850 hPa以上探空资料,组成新的诊断资料,对该个例进行诊断分析,结果表明:雷达探测的海风锋前端具有较强的低层垂直风切变梯度和露点温度梯度大值区,海风锋前沿与0～3 km垂直风切变梯度密集区相对应,且与露点温度梯度变化较快的区域基本吻合;海风锋与阵风锋相互碰撞时,0～3 km垂直风切变在2 h内变化较快,且有明显的增加趋势,CAPE(convective available potential energy,对流有效位能)值在雷暴形成前有较明显增加;随着雷暴天气结束,上述特征随之消失。 相似文献
4.
海风锋导致雷暴生成和加强规律研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用雷达和地面自动气象站资料结合订正的天津探空资料,分三种类型统计分析了2004—2009年雷达监测到的50次由渤海湾海风锋导致雷暴生成和加强的规律及对应的天气背景;应用VDRAS系统资料分析了第三种类型（在不稳定环境下,沿海风锋直接触发雷暴）的热力、动力结构特征。结果表明:（1）强对流不稳定环境下,沿海风锋可以直接触发雷暴并沿海风锋移动的同时发展加强;（2）不同的类型在雷暴生成的位置、发展加强的速度、强度等方面都有明显的不同;（3）Ⅰ型对应背景场的动力条件更为有利,强对流天气更为剧烈,Ⅲ型对应背景场的热力、动力条件和水汽条件更为有利,对流抑制指数（CIN）小;（4）海风锋使得低层形成中尺度辐合线,沿海风锋垂直上升速度从地面一直延伸至3 km高度,强中心出现在1.5～3.0 km高度,最大风速达1.9 m·s-1。 相似文献
5.
弱窄带回波在分析和预报强对流天气中的应用 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
灵敏的多普勒雷达经常能探测到弱窄带回波,这些弱窄带回波一般对应于边界层的辐合线,对弱窄带回波的仔细分析有利于及早做出强对流天气的临近预报以及对其发展变化作深入了解。文章结合发生在上海的3次强对流天气个例,详细分析了弱窄带回波在分析和预报强对流天气中的作用,得出以下结论:(1)上游移动强回波的出流边界导致的弱窄带回波是大风预警的重要判断参考;(2)在合适的层结状态和抬升条件下,弱窄带回波会强烈发展,并导致局地雷雨大风,这类强对流天气的发展有两个比较重要的阶段:弱窄带回波上初始回波的发展和回波跃增;(3)下击暴流造成的地面出流在雷达回波上表现为近似圆弧的弱窄带回波,这种弱窄带回波与其他雷达观测特征以及地面观测相结合,有助于对产生下击暴流的对流云的发生发展过程进行细致分析。 相似文献
6.
利用常规观测、雷达、卫星及加密自动气象站等资料,对2015年、2018年和2019年渤海北部东岸海风锋活动及其触发的对流特征进行统计分析。结果表明：不同年份渤海北部东岸海风锋活动的差异较大,海风锋主要出现在6—8月,其中7月最多;海风锋可分为沿山型、北部沿海型和混合型3种,其中沿山型占比70%以上,海风锋东移到达沿山地区后维持加强,北部可伸展到沈阳地区;海风锋在雷达反射率图上表现为窄带回波,强度一般小于27 dBz,在速度图上表现为风向的辐合或风速的大值区,但在相关系数、差分反射率等雷达双偏振产品上没有可明显识别的特征;在各种天气背景下均能发生海风锋,其中在高空脊控制下最多,且可触发午后热对流,多为弱对流;在副热带高压后部、高空槽、冷涡背景下的海风锋容易触发强对流天气,带来冰雹、短时强降水、雷雨大风等灾害。 相似文献
7.
利用高空、地面天气图,宝鸡多普勒雷达资料统计分析了关中地区7例阵风锋天气成因及雷达回波特征。分析表明:西北气流携带的中空干冷平流是强对流发生的有利条件,地面干线是强对流的触发系统,地面气温35℃以上高温且湿度20%～35%是阵风锋发生的有利环境。雷达回波上,阵风锋从初生、发展、加强到减弱的生命史为1～3 h,与雷暴回波由强(≥55 dBz)减弱(≤30 dBz)的过程一致。阵风锋移动速度与雷暴径向速度有直接关系,雷暴出流快速达到最大(17 m/s)时,阵风锋发展达到强盛时段,其强度、长度达到最大;阵风锋移动方向与雷暴移动方向大体一致,呈西北—东南向;少数与主体风暴移向垂直,为东北—西南向。阵风锋在1.5°仰角出现最早,关注识别1.5°仰角阵风锋窄带回波前兆可为发布大风预警提供依据。 相似文献
8.
《浙江气象》2016,(3)
用Micaps,地面自动站加密资料,新一代多普勒天气雷达资料和GFS 0.5°×0.5°再分析资料以及中尺度WRF模式输出资料对2014夏季发生在宁波市地区的一个局地强雷暴天气过程进行了分析总结,得出:宁波新一代多普勒雷达反射率回波出现弱窄带回波时,对应边界层辐合线海风锋,在有利天气形势背景下易诱发强对流的发生发展。此次强雷雨过程是在有利天气背景条件下发生的,强对流发生在局地层结不稳定和较好的水汽条件下;利用中尺度WRF模式输出资料进行分析看到,海风锋的锋生造成的地转强迫促使次级环流加强,在东西风辐合线西侧有垂直上升运动出现;海风锋本身有一辐合抬升区,辐合上升运动的加强为雷暴的发生提供了有利的动力条件,从而触发了该地区不稳定能量的强烈释放,促使了雷暴的新生发展。 相似文献
9.
10.
通过对两次冰雹天气过程的两部天气雷达产品的对比分析,表明WSR/98D产品精细、准确,对弱回波探测能力强,在揭示由海风锋造成的强对流冰雹天气的生成演变机制上明显优于WSR-81S.文章还从信息获取原理以及资料加工等方面剖析了WSR/98D的优越性.将新一代天气雷达与旧的业务雷达进行对比分析,比较其探测的优越性. 相似文献
11.
ZHENG Jiafeng ZHANG Jie ZHU Keyun LIU Liping LIU Yanxia 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(4):607-623
Gust front is a kind of meso-and micro-scale weather phenomenon that often causes serious ground wind and wind shear. This paper presents an automatic gust front identification algorithm. Totally 879 radar volume-scan samples selected from 21 gust front weather processes that occurred in China between 2009 and 2012 are examined and analyzed. Gust front echo statistical features in reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width fields are obtained. Based on these features, an algorithm is designed to recognize gust fronts and generate output products and quantitative indices. Then, 315 samples are used to verify the algorithm and 3 typical cases are analyzed. Major conclusions include： 1） for narrow band echoes intensity is between 5 and 30 dBZ, widths are between 2 and 10 km, maximum heights are less than 4 km （89.33%are lower than 3 km）, and the lengths are between 50 and 200 km. The narrow-band echo is higher than its surrounding echo. 2） Gust fronts present a convergence line or a wind shear in the velocity field;the frontal wind speed gradually decreases when the distance increases radially outward. Spectral widths of gust fronts are large, with 87.09% exceeding 4 m s-1 . 3） Using 315 gust front volume-scan samples to test the algorithm reveals that the algorithm is highly stable and has successfully recognized 277 samples. The algorithm also works for small-scale or weak gust fronts. 4） Radar data quality has certain impact on the algorithm. 相似文献
12.
渤海湾地区碰撞型海风锋天气过程的资料诊断分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用多普勒雷达资料和地面自动站以及再分析资料对近年来7次典型的渤海湾地区碰撞型海风锋天气过程进行了分析。资料分析显示对流系统正面碰撞海风锋时(偏东西向碰撞)得到显著发展,而追赶碰撞海风锋时(偏南北向)则没有明显加强。海风锋移动沿途近地面出现明显的降温和风切变可以帮助判断海风锋的移动位置。高层稳定的偏西风有利于引导对流系统与西进海风锋发生正面碰撞。而低层的风场辐合则有利于碰撞过程中对流运动的发生,同时副高西北侧的水汽输送为降水的形成提供了有利条件。渤海湾地区地形的热力效应形成的低层偏中性层结有利于对流运动的发生,另外,在高空偏西风环境下地形可能对与海风锋碰撞的对流系统的触发或加强有促进作用。 相似文献
13.
An atypical occlusion process that occurred in North China on 14 July 2011 is studied based on both observations and a real-data Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulation. The results show that this atypical occlusion process was significantly different from the traditional, synoptic-scale occlusion process that occurs within extratropical cyclones. It was caused by the merger of two cold-type mesoscale fronts. One of the fronts developed from the gust front of convective storms, while the other was a sea-breeze front. As the two fronts moved towards each other, the warm air between them was squeezed and separated from the surface. An atypical occluded front was formed when the two fronts merged, with the warm air forced aloft. This kind of occlusion is termed a "merger" process, different from the well-known "catch-up" and "wrap-up" processes. Moreover, local convection was found to be enhanced during the merger process, with severe convective weather produced in the merger area. 相似文献
14.
利用常规地面和高空观测资料、烟台和青岛多普勒天气雷达资料、加密自动气象站等资料分析2014年7月14日(“7·14”)和2009年6月29日(“6·29”)山东半岛两次海风锋引起的强对流天气。结果表明:“7·14”强对流天气发生于冷涡后部前倾槽的环流形势下, 明显的静力不稳定层结、中等大小的对流有效位能及垂直风切变相对偏弱, 是此次对流风暴持续时间短且降雹范围较小的原因; “6·29”过程是东北冷涡影响下的强对流天气。海风锋、阵风锋、地面辐合线是两次过程的触发机制, 两次过程都出现了高悬的强回波、弱回波区、回波悬垂、钩状回波、中气旋等超级单体回波特征; 大冰雹形成期表现为中气旋垂直伸展较大和旋转较强, 两次过程的超级单体风暴均由海风锋触发的靠近山脉的风暴发展加强而成, 即地形与海风锋结合导致的更强抬升在加强对流风暴并演化为超级单体风暴中起了关键作用。但“6·29”强对流天气过程出现了强中气旋, “7·14”强对流天气过程出现了弱中气旋, 因此, 前者对流范围更大、强度更强。 相似文献
15.
J. Winston Jeeva Prakash Radhika Ramachandran K. Narayanan Nair K. Sen Gupta P. K. Kunhikrishnan 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1992,59(1-2):111-124
An investigation has been made of the structure of sea-breeze fronts observed at Thumba mostly during the months of December to April using data from a Doppler SODAR and in situ measurements of wind components, humidity and temperature. The study shows that the vertical wind structure observed in the SODAR height range provides a distinct signature of the passage of a front and that the intensity of the front is decided by the intensity and direction of the prevailing winds as well as the amount of rotation of the wind vector during the onset of the sea-breeze. Spectral analyses of vertical winds during the passage of the front reveal a dominant periodicity of about 6 min for strong sea-breeze fronts. 相似文献
16.
The results of numerical simulations of the troposphere over the Bay of La Paz, calculated for the months of January, April, July and October during the period 2006–2010 with the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF v3.5) regional model, are used to describe the seasonal features of the diurnal cycle of planetary boundary-layer winds. Two distinct near-surface diurnal flows with strong seasonal variability were identified: (1) a nocturnal and matutinal breeze directed from the subtropical Pacific Ocean, over the Baja California peninsula and the Bay of La Paz, into the Gulf of California that is associated with the regional sea-surface temperature difference between those two major water bodies; and (2) a mid to late afternoon onshore sea-breeze related to the peninsula’s daily cycle of insolation heating that evolves with counter-clockwise rotation over the Bay of La Paz. The model results reveal the interaction over Baja California of opposing afternoon sea-breeze fronts that originate from the subtropical Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California, with a convergence line forming over the peaks of the peninsula’s topography and the associated presence of a closed vertical circulation cell over the Bay of La Paz and the adjacent Gulf. The collision of the opposing sea-breeze fronts over the narrow peninsula drives convection that is relatively weak due to the reduced heat source and only appears to produce precipitation sporadically. The spatial structure of the sea-breeze fronts over the Bay of La Paz region is complex due to shoreline curvature and nearby topographic features. A comparison of the numerical results with available meteorological near-surface observations indicates that the modelling methodology adequately reproduced the observed features of the seasonal variability of the local planetary boundary-layer diurnal wind cycle and confirms that the low-level atmospheric circulation over the Bay of La Paz is dominated by kinetic energy in the diurnal band. The strongest (weakest) diurnal flows occur during the summer (winter) in response to the seasonally varying magnitudes of the daily land–sea thermal contrast and the regional subtropical Pacific Ocean–Gulf of California sea-surface temperature difference. 相似文献
17.
OSAMU CHIBA 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1997,82(1):165-174
Using sodar measurements of the wind in the vicinity of sea-breeze fronts, we have investigated the lateral movement of the incoming front.A characteristic of the sea-breeze front is related to periodic oscillations in wind direction, which are likely tobe caused by the sea breeze and accompanyingupdrafts and downdrafts in the ambient flow. 相似文献
18.
选取2004—2012年广东省12个大冰雹风暴单体为样本,利用多普勒天气雷达资料,计算了最大反射率因子及其高度等多个雷达参数,分析了三体散射、旁瓣回波和环境温度层上回波特征以及大冰雹与非冰雹风暴单体间的反射率因子垂直廓线差异。结果表明:大冰雹风暴单体发展均非常旺盛,最大反射因子多超过65 dBZ,对应高度几乎都达到5 km。除受周围大范围雷达回波影响外,大冰雹风暴单体均观测到了三体散射或旁瓣回波特征,并具有一定的预报提前量;在0℃和-20℃层高度上的最大反射率因子均超过54 dBZ。大冰雹风暴单体与非冰雹风暴单体相比,低层回波迅速增加,强核心区垂直伸展更深厚,回波垂直递减率更小。 相似文献
19.
Gust fronts are weak narrow-band echoes of increased reflectivity at the background levels in the low-elevation fields of Doppler radar. An automated approach to gust front detection that relies on the image features of radar observations is presented in this paper. The algorithm is not sensitive to the variations in reflectivity values and gust front widths. The approach includes the following steps. First, a novel local binary with dual-template (LBDT) algorithm is designed as the fundamental algorithm to identify the potential areas of narrow-band echoes. Second, based on the disadvantages of the LBDT algorithm, several modifications are made, including splitting the intersecting lines, connecting the fragments, and filtering the edges and radial interference noise. Third, an optical flow method is used to determine whether a weak narrow-band echo is a gust front according to the prior knowledge that a gust front usually propagates in front of the associated generating storm. The results of experiments show that the proposed method can automatically identify gust fronts with a high probability of detection and a low false alarm rate. The automatic identification of gust fronts is potentially useful for accurate short-term weather forecasting, particularly in the forecasting of storm winds. 相似文献
20.
C. G. Helmis D. N. Asimakopoulos D. G. Deligiorgi D. P. Lalas 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1987,38(4):395-410
Results from an observational study of sea-breeze fronts as they cross a shoreline are presented. Two kinds of fronts are analyzed, one with an offshore regional wind and one without. Their structure is found to be substantially different, the former being steeper and having stronger gradients. Measurements of the profiles of the vertical component of the wind speed, its standard deviation and the structure parameter for temperature are presented along with time series of the structure parameters for water vapor pressure and wind speed. The vertical wind component, w, is found to be of the order of 1.0–1.5 ms–1 in the front zone of the sharp front but only 5 as large in the weaker front. The usual height variation laws under convective conditions are found to apply for both the vertical velocity variance and the temperature structure parameter, which in conjunction with the appropriate spectra indicate that local equilibrium is re-established fairly quickly after the passage of the front. Substantial differences have also been noted in the values of the structure parameters before and after the front, especially in the water vapor pressure and wind speed, differences which are of dissimilar magnitude and sign for the two kinds of fronts. 相似文献