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1.
台风珍珠和鲇鱼北折路径对比分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
“珍珠”(0601,Chanchu)和“鲇鱼”(1013,Megi)都是发生北折路径的台风,通过分析发现导致台风珍珠和鲇鱼路径北折的天气形势变化有一些相同点:都发生在环境场的调整中,有西风槽影响华南的副热带高压,使之减弱东退、台风移速减慢,然后副热带高压加强并从台风南部向西南伸展、与赤道高压打通,其西侧的偏南气流与越赤道气流会合引导台风向北移动;同时有弱冷空气南侵。上述环境场的突然变化导致引导气流方向发生突然变化,是这两个台风西行北折的重要原因。引导气流分析还发现,秋台风鲇鱼最佳引导气流所在高度低于初夏台风珍珠。另外,不同的路径预报方法、不同的模式和超级集合预报提供了各种台风路径预报信息,在应用这些信息时要密切结合实况天气形势的变化,进行路径预报订正。 相似文献
2.
利用2019—2021年冬季上海宝山站L波段探空资料对FY-4A云顶温度(CTT)产品进行评估,分析发现,FY-4A的云顶温度产品能够较好地反映单层云的云顶温度,对双层云或多层云的云顶温度则普遍高估(平均高估幅度超过14℃);当探空观测到的云顶高度不超过6 km或云顶温度不低于-20℃时,FY-4A云顶温度产品误差较小,平均偏差约为3℃。根据2021—2022年冬季长三角地区地面站观测的降水现象统计云顶温度与降水相态的关系,并对典型个例进行分析,结果表明,云顶温度低是出现降雪的必要条件之一,绝大部分降雪出现在云顶温度低于-12℃的情况下。FY-4A的云顶温度产品时空分辨率高、精度尚可,可以辅助预报员判识雨雪落区,在雨雪转换过程的预报服务中有较大的应用潜力。 相似文献
3.
Using real-time correction technology for typhoons,
this paper discusses real-time correction for forecasting the
track of four typhoons during 2009 and 2010 in Japan, Beijing,
Guangzhou, and Shanghai. It was determined that the short-time
forecast effect was better than the original objective mode. By
selecting four types of integration schemes after multiple mode
path integration for those four objective modes, the forecast
effect of the multi-mode path integration is better, on average,
than any single model. Moreover, multi-mode ensemble forecasting
has obvious advantages during the initial 36h. 相似文献
4.
In this paper, 1416 conventional ground-based meteorological
observation stations on the mainland of China were subdivided into
groups of differing spatial density. Data from each subgroup were then
used to analyze variations in the tropical cyclone (TC) precipitation
statistics derived from each subgroup across the mainland of China
(excluding Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao), as well as in two regions
(east China and south China) and three provinces (Guangdong, Hainan,
and Jiangxi) between 1981 and 2010. The results showed that for the
mainland of China, total precipitation, mean annual precipitation, mean
daily precipitation, and its spatial distribution were the same
regardless of the spatial density of the stations. However, some minor
differences were evident with respect to precipitation extremes and
their spatial distribution. Overall, there were no significant
variations in the TC precipitation statistics calculated from different
station density schemes for the mainland of China. The regional and
provincial results showed no significant differences in mean daily
precipitation, but this was not the case for the maximum daily
precipitation and torrential rain frequency. The maximum daily
precipitation calculated from the lower-density station data was
slightly less than that based on the higher-density station schemes,
and this effect should be taken into consideration when interpreting
regional climate statistics. The impact of station density on TC
precipitation characteristics was more obvious for Hainan than for
Guangdong or Jiangxi provinces. In addition, the effects were greater
for south China (including Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, Guangdong,
and Hainan provinces) than east China (including Shandong, Jiangsu,
Zhejiang, Shanghai, Fujian, Anhui, and Jiangxi provinces). Furthermore,
the analysis proved that the statistical climatic characteristics began
to change significantly when the station spacing was between 40 and 50
km, which are close to the mean spacing for all stations across the
mainland of China. Moreover, TC areal precipitation parameters,
including mean total areal precipitation and mean daily areal
precipitation, also began to change significantly when the spacing was
between 40 and 50 km, and were completely different when it was between
100 and 200 km. 相似文献
5.
应用1999—2003年中国中央气象台 (CMO)、日本气象厅 (JMA) 以及美国联合台风警报中心 (JTWC) 发布的西北太平洋热带气旋综合预报资料, 从总误差、逐年误差趋势、不同海区误差、不同路径趋势误差、不同强度趋势误差等5个方面对各预报中心的路径及强度预报结果进行分析, 结果表明:5年总的平均误差以JTWC的路径预报误差最小, 而JMA的强度预报较准确; 在不同海域, 各预报中心的路径预报能力各有优势, 但在热带气旋的强度预报方面, JMA的方法在各海区都较稳定; 对不同路径趋势热带气旋的预报方面, 除了南海转向热带气旋的路径预报比JMA和CMO稍差一些之外, JTWC的路径预报在大多数情况下都是好于或相当于JMA和CMO; 在不同强度变化趋势热带气旋的预报方面, JTWC在大多数情况下都优于其他中心。上述结果帮助业务和科技人员全面了解各预报中心的预报能力优劣, 也为今后改进我国的热带气旋预报提供有益的参考。 相似文献
6.
7.
弱窄带回波在分析和预报强对流天气中的应用 总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13
灵敏的多普勒雷达经常能探测到弱窄带回波,这些弱窄带回波一般对应于边界层的辐合线,对弱窄带回波的仔细分析有利于及早做出强对流天气的临近预报以及对其发展变化作深入了解。文章结合发生在上海的3次强对流天气个例,详细分析了弱窄带回波在分析和预报强对流天气中的作用,得出以下结论:(1)上游移动强回波的出流边界导致的弱窄带回波是大风预警的重要判断参考;(2)在合适的层结状态和抬升条件下,弱窄带回波会强烈发展,并导致局地雷雨大风,这类强对流天气的发展有两个比较重要的阶段:弱窄带回波上初始回波的发展和回波跃增;(3)下击暴流造成的地面出流在雷达回波上表现为近似圆弧的弱窄带回波,这种弱窄带回波与其他雷达观测特征以及地面观测相结合,有助于对产生下击暴流的对流云的发生发展过程进行细致分析。 相似文献
8.
结合各种观测资料和数值模式产品,对"20160227"青岛水上交通事故的气象条件和预报进行了分析和反思,发现:(1)事故海域附近的大雾区首先在青岛近海海域的南侧发展,之后逐渐向北向东扩展,但最远也仅限于离海岸线约50~60 km处,局地性较强;(2)大雾发展过程中,平流和辐射效应均有体现。业务数值模式对此次大雾均无有效预报,显示对近海大雾而言,现阶段预报技术水平仍不高;(3)从我国海洋气象预报业务分工看,现阶段各省级或地市级的海洋气象业务均存在人员素质不高、人员配备不足、预报产品针对性不足、临时或应急预报产品的传输效率不高等问题,严重制约相关责任海区的海洋气象业务水平。未来需要发展业务可用的集合预报系统,才可能对海雾预报有更好的客观支撑。而现有的业务技术体系中,省市级台站应注重天气形势和最新实况的配合分析,着力提升海雾短临预警水平。 相似文献
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10.
2008年1月10日至2月2日,中国南方地区出现了自1951a以来最为严重的连续低温冰雪灾害天气。研究表明,冰雪天气是北方强冷空气与南方暖湿气流共同作用的结果。进一步研究得到,低空冰点以下温度是下雪的基本条件,但上海冬季降水性质还与冷空气路径有关,当冷高压中心位于蒙古东部,冷空气从中路偏东南下时,上海受到东北海风的暖海面调节,近地面气温升高,使雪花在降落过程中融为雨水,上海以雨为主偶有小雪;当冷高压中心位于蒙古西部,冷空气从中路南下,上海吹西北来陆风时,脱离了冬季暖海面调节,雪花保持固态着地,上海同内陆地区一样下雪。 相似文献