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1.
利用1949—2009年热带气旋降水资料分析了全国热带气旋降水的时空分布特征。结果表明,全国各地区热带气旋降水的空间分布很不均匀,大致呈现东南—西北向的梯度分布,东南沿海地区降水量最大,西北内陆地区最小。另外,地形对降水的空间分布也有影响,例如东南沿海和山脉迎风坡的地形作用尤为显著。此外,比较不同年份的热带气旋降水的空间分布特征,有很多相似之处,如随经纬度的变化趋势,降水最大中心位置等。热带气旋降水具有比较明显的年代变化和显著的年际震荡。年代变化表现为20世纪50—60年代为大幅增加的过程,60—80年代降水总量基本维持,80年代后期降水呈现明显的震荡趋势。 相似文献
2.
利用逐小时风速观测资料以及台风年鉴资料,分析了2008~2014年登陆我国大陆地区的51次热带气旋（TC）的地面风场分布特征,包括TC登陆期间大陆地面风场演变和大风分布特征、海岛站和内陆站的风速差异以及海拔对风力造成的影响等。结果表明:6级及以上大风主要发生在距离TC中心300 km内、TC强度达到台风（TY）以上时,并主要位于TC移动方向的右侧,尤其是右前象限;华南区TC风场分布主要由在此区域登陆的TC（Ⅰ类）造成,较大风速区包括广东西南部沿海、雷州半岛附近和海南西部沿岸;华东区TC风场分布主要由在此区域登陆的TC（Ⅱ类）造成,杭州湾出海口以及浙闽沿海是较大风速区;6级及以上大风广泛分布在华南和华东沿海,6~7级地面大风高频站主要位于杭州湾附近,8级及以上地面大风高频站点在杭州湾和福建沿海分布比广东西南部更为密集;TC登陆前后均可能造成大风,大风出现时间与站点至TC中心的距离密切相关;同等强度TC在海岛站造成的风速比陆地站更大,对高海拔站点造成的风力大于低海拔站点。本文研究结论对于TC大陆地面风场的预报具有一定参考价值。 相似文献
3.
近38年中国气温和降水的1 km网格数据集 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对中国38年的气温和降水进行了空间插值分析,选取最优模型去生成1km网格数据集,为中国大陆的植被分布、气候变化和环境生态等研究提供支持。基于国家气象中心839个气象站的逐日气温和降水数据,用经度、纬度和海拔作为ANUSPLIN软件插值的3个变量,对降水进行开平方预处理,采用3次样条的薄盘光滑样条法,得到了1980—2017年中国大陆月平均气温和月累计降水1km网格插值数据集。数据集的广义交叉验证均方根(RTGCV)和均方根误差(RMSE)具有年周期性和明显的季节变化特征;各站点的平均误差(MBE)的频率分布近似正态分布,绝对误差(MAE)的空间分布也符合中国大陆气候的变化特征。数据集在精准度和时间序列上较新,且提供公共下载服务,可为全国陆地生态系统的研究提供信息支持。 相似文献
4.
基于1980—2014中国670站日最大风速资料,利用改进的客观天气图分析法（OSAT）分离出中国陆地的台风大风（6级以上,≥10.8 m/s）,并定义了台风极端大风,进而研究了台风大风和台风极端大风的变化特征。分析表明：在地理分布上,台风大风年均日数和占比均自海岸线向内陆迅速减小,在海南、华南和东南沿海省份以及江苏南部,台风大风占比一般为30%～70%;台风极端大风年均日数大值主要分布在沿海省市（除河北和天津）,特别是华东和华南沿海,局部地区台风极端大风日数占比达100%。从季节变化看,在台风活跃的7—9月,中国台风极端大风频次总体上超过了季风极端大风;就全国而言,当阈值从最低值（11.5 m/s）提升至12级（32.7 m/s）时,台风极端大风频数占比则从12%急剧攀升至77%。1980—2014年,中国台风大风和台风极端大风年日数均显著减少,而台风极端大风年平均强度增强;这期间引起中国台风大风和台风极端大风的台风频数均显著减少,但引起台风极端大风的台风在生命期和影响期的平均强度均显著增强,这可能是上述显著变化特征的主要原因。 相似文献
5.
中国台风降水的气候特征 总被引：17，自引：5，他引：12
对中国台风降水的时空分布特征进行研究,发现台风降水分布在中国中东部广大地区,台风降水量自东南沿海向西北内陆逐渐减少.台风降水最大值出现在台湾岛的中东部地区和海南岛的个别地区,年平均台风降水量大于700 mm,最小值出现在内蒙古、山西、陕西、四川的部分地区,年平均台风降水量不足10 mm.台风降水一般出现在4～12月,峰值出现在8月.1957～2004年期间台风降水呈下降趋势.台风降水的异常主要由于亚洲地区大气环流和赤道中东太平洋沃克环流的异常变化所引起.进一步分析发现,台风降水在中国大部分地区为减少趋势,且这种趋势在台湾岛、海南岛、东南沿海部分地区和东北南部较显著.台风暴雨是我国东南沿海及部分内陆地区的极端强降水事件之一,这些地区的暴雨和大暴雨很大程度上是台风带来的. 相似文献
6.
CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPHOON PRECIPITATION OVER CHINA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The spatio-temporal characteristics of typhoon precipitation over China are analyzed in this
study. The results show that typhoon precipitation covers most of central-eastern China. Typhoon
precipitation gradually decreases from the southeastern coastal regions to the northwestern mainland. The
maximum annual typhoon precipitation exceeds 700 mm in central-eastern Taiwan and part of Hainan,
while the minimum annual typhoon precipitation occurs in parts of Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi and
Sichuan, with values less than 10 mm. Generally, typhoons produce precipitation over China during April
– December with a peak in August. The annual typhoon precipitation time series for observation stations
are examined for long-term trends. The results show that decreasing trends exist in most of the stations
from 1957 to 2004 and are statistically significant in parts of Taiwan, Hainan, coastal Southeast China and
southern Northeast China. The anomaly of typhoon precipitation mainly results from that of the general
circulation over Asia and the Walker Cell circulation over the equatorial central and eastern Pacific.
Typhoon torrential rain is one of the extreme rainfall events in the southeastern coastal regions and parts of
central mainland. In these regions, torrential rains are mostly caused by typhoons. 相似文献
7.
该文详细介绍了空间回归检验方法, 并使用2003年我国671站的逐日平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、平均水汽压、平均风速、平均0 cm地温、降水量资料, 检验该方法在气象资料质量检验中的适用性。按区号将全国划分为10个区, 利用该方法分别对各区7个要素进行了检验试验。结果表明:空间回归检验方法能够有效检验出可疑数据, 适用于对单一要素的检验; 对降水、风速等空间变化比较大的要素, 该方法有比较好的检验效果; 应用该方法计算时, 在不同地区、不同要素之间存在差异; 当固定出错比率时, 各区应该选择不同的f值。与一般空间检验方法相同, 该方法也与地理环境、周边台站分布有关, 并受台站密度的影响。 相似文献
8.
近55年广东“龙舟水”异常特征及成因分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
利用1961—2015年广东86个气象观测站的日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料（分辨率为1 °×1 °）,采用EOF分析、相关分析和合成分析等方法研究了广东“龙舟水”的时空分布特征和异常成因。结果表明,广东“龙舟水”最主要的分布型是除雷州半岛外具有“空间一致型”分布。广东“龙舟水”的变化趋势不明显,但具有显著的年际和年代际变化。在“龙舟水”期间（5月21日—6月20日）,降水异常多年的对流层高层副热带西风急流偏强;中层极涡明显偏强,东亚大槽北段减弱、南段加强,西太平洋副热带高压偏弱、偏东;低层南海北部-华南的偏南气流偏强。“龙舟水”异常少年则相反。 相似文献
9.
两广地区热带气旋极端降水特征及成因初探 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
基于1960—2014年中国广东、广西地区（简称两广地区）184个台站的逐日降水资料、热带气旋（TC）最佳路径集以及ERA-Interim、ERA-40再分析资料,利用TC降水天气图客观识别法、TC路径相似面积指数、动态合成法,从TC过程最大日降水的角度,分析了两广地区TC极端降水的时空特征, 并针对主要特征进行成因诊断。结果表明:50年来,两广地区TC过程的最大日降水≥50、100 mm的频数分别呈-0.66和-0.44次/(10年)的下降趋势,而最大日降水≥250 mm频数则表现出0.16次/(10年)的上升趋势;TC最大日降水频数和强度的大值区主要分布在沿海,并由沿海向内陆递减;大值区相对集中于粤东沿海（东部分区）、珠江三角洲西侧沿海（中部分区）和雷州半岛至广西沿海（西部分区）三个分区,且西部分区在TC最大日降水的平均强度及各级别频次上均为三分区之最大。对比分析发现,造成西部分区极端降水的TC路径规律性较强,主要为TC西行路径,且其登陆点集中在西部分区;对TC极端降水成因分析表明,TC移动速度慢和南海夏季风强度增强均有利于极端降水产生。 相似文献
10.
利用华南三省(广东、广西、海南)192个台站1961年1月1日至2008年12月31日的逐日平均气温、日最低气温资料,分析了华南寒潮频次的气候特征及其变化;定义了一个表征华南寒潮强度的指数,由此分析了华南寒潮活动的强度变化。气候分析结果表明:华南在近48年中出现了221次寒潮过程,主要分布在10月至次年4月,以12月、1月、2月、3月为主,占88.7%;华南区域单站寒潮的年均发生频次和平均降温持续天数从内陆向沿海递减,平均最低气温从内陆到沿海逐渐增加,单站寒潮过程平均最大降温幅度在11.5～16.0℃。近48年来,华南寒潮活动在减少的趋势上还具有频数和强度上的月际、年际和年代际变化。发生特强寒潮和中等寒潮的比率从20世纪80年代以来逐渐减少,而发生弱寒潮比率显著增加,但2008年出现了近48年华南最强的寒潮。 相似文献
11.
利用雷达回波与GIS技术反演面雨量研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
自动气象站可以直接测量单点或较小范围的降水量,测量精度较高,但自动气象站的分布密度不够,往往漏掉强降水、暴雨中心。雷达能实时探测云和降水结构及系统发生、发展演变情况,能迅速提供一定区域的实时降水情况,但雷达测量误差较大,测定局地降水量精度不高,因此,将自动气象站与雷达进行点面结合,采用一定的数学方法和GIS技术,可以得到能够代表某特定区域平均降水情况的面雨量。以深圳市行政区域面雨量反演为例,建立区域内所有测站的6 min累积降雨资料与雷达回波数据之间的回归关系,借助GIS技术和包括对经度、纬度、海拔高度3个因子的地理订正,构建雷达图上特定行政区域的面雨量计算模型,并对格点拟合雨量进行空间分辨率的精细化反演,得到雷达图上的特定行政区域的面雨量图。 相似文献
12.
利用中国2400余个国家级气象台站观测数据插值得到的1961~2018年逐日网格降水资料,综合运用回归分析和Morlet小波变换等方法,分析了华南多年暴雨和区域性暴雨的时空变化特征,揭示了华南暴雨的变化规律。结果表明:1961~2018年,华南全年暴雨日数和暴雨雨量大值区域分布在广东、广西、福建沿海一带及海南省和广西北部,夏季暴雨日数和暴雨雨量最大,其次是春季。在广西北部至广西、湖南、广东三省交界处、广东南部、福建和海南省,全年暴雨日数、雨量和强度的增加趋势最显著,夏季的区域平均值增长速率最大,其次是秋季。华南区域性暴雨日数和过程数呈单峰型分布,一年中均可出现,最大值出现在6月。区域性暴雨日数和过程数多年平均值为28 d a^(-1)和16.5 a^(-1),上升速率分别为0.15 d a^(-1)和0.097 a^(-1),四季中夏季的上升速率最快,最慢的是秋季。平均单次过程持续日数和最大单次过程持续日数在冬季均以0.015 d a^(-1)的速率显著上升,在春季却呈现下降的趋势。华南暴雨和区域性暴雨各要素在全年和四季的波动变化中不同程度地表现出准3 a、准14 a和准18 a的周期变化,2000年后,全年暴雨和区域性暴雨各要素准18 a的长周期和准3 a的短周期振荡非常显著。 相似文献
13.
利用1949-2006年登陆中国的热带气旋（TC）资料,分析登陆TC台风季参数的气候特征,结论如下：1) 登陆中国的初旋①以南海生成为主（占5成半）,终旋以西太平洋为主（高达8成）,近50多年来初、终旋源地分别呈现向东北、西北移动的趋势;2) 广东（浙江）初旋最早（晚）,广西、浙江（广东、海南）终旋较早（晚）,广东（浙江）台风季最长（短）。近50多年来除浙江台风季呈延长的线性趋势外,其余各省台风季变短或变化不明显。 相似文献
14.
Evaluation of the weather generator CLIGEN with daily precipitation characteristics in Korea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Young-Mi Min Vladimir N. Kryjov Kyong-Hee An Saji N. Hameed Soo-Jin Sohn Woo-Jin Lee Jai-Ho Oh 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2011,47(3):255-263
The ability of the CLImate GENerator (CLIGEN) weather generator to reproduce daily precipitation characteristics for Korea was assessed on the basis of 55-year long historical daily precipitation records from eight weather stations (Seoul, Incheon, Daegu, Ulsan, Gwangju, Busan, Kangneung, and Jeonju) representing different parts of the Korean peninsula. The basic statistics of daily precipitation (mean, standard deviation, skewness of daily precipitation, number of rainy days, and the lengths of wet/dry period), probability distribution characteristics of daily precipitation (percentiles and maximum value), and the spatial covariance statistic generated by CLIGEN were compared with those derived from the observed weather series. Significance tests were conducted on the difference between the historical and generated statistics with the 1% significance level. The results show that CLIGEN simulates most of the daily precipitation characteristics satisfactorily with a tendency to slightly underestimate the mean and variability of daily precipitation. Especially, the number of rainy days is perfectly reproduced with mean relative error of 0.4% across all the stations. It is also found that the spatial covariance statistic from eight different stations is well reproduced by CLIGEN with respect to the leading EOF mode of summer season daily precipitation. 相似文献
15.
Deliang CHEN Tinghai OU Lebing GONG Chong-Yu XU LI Weijing Chang-Hoi Ho QIAN Weihong 《大气科学进展》2010,27(6):1221-1232
Climate research relies heavily on good quality
instrumental data; for modeling efforts gridded data are needed. So
far, relatively little effort has been made to create gridded
climate data for China. This is especially true for high-resolution
daily data. This work, focuses on identifying an accurate method to
produce gridded daily precipitation in China based on the observed
data at 753 stations for the period 1951--2005. Five interpolation
methods, including ordinary nearest neighbor, local polynomial,
radial basis function, inverse distance weighting, and ordinary
kriging, have been used and compared. Cross-validation shows that
the ordinary kriging based on seasonal semi-variograms gives the
best performance, closely followed by the inverse distance weighting
with a power of 2. Finally the ordinary kriging is chosen to
interpolate the station data to a 18 km×18 km grid system
covering the whole country. Precipitation for each 0.5o×0.5o latitude-longitude block is then obtained by averaging
the values at the grid nodes within the block. Owing to the higher
station density in the eastern part of the country, the
interpolation errors are much smaller than those in the west (west
of 100oE). Excluding 145 stations in the western region, the
daily, monthly, and annual relative mean absolute errors of the
interpolation for the remaining 608 stations are 74%, 29%, and
16%, respectively. The interpolated daily precipitation has been
made available on the internet for the scientific community. 相似文献
16.
1961～2013年中国蒸发皿蒸发量时空分布特征及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了1961～2013年中国1302个台站的蒸发皿蒸发量（Pan Evaporation,PE）的时空分布特征并探讨了影响PE变化的主要气候因子。结果表明:站点平均PE在全年和四季都呈明显下降趋势,且在1978年发生了突变。PE在华北平原、新疆、广东、广西及海南等地呈现出显著的下降趋势,而在福建、浙江和贵州等地为显著上升的趋势。用年平均PE距平场经验正交函数做经验正交函数（EOF）分解得到:在第一模态（EOF1）中,1981年时间系数由负转正,EOF1的空间模态与PE的变化有较好的一致性;第二模态（EOF2）中PE距平呈南北反向分布,2002年以后PE在北方减小,在南方增大。通过计算PE与近地面5个气象因子（降水、气温、风速、湿度、日照时数）的偏相关系数后发现:除了降水外,其余4个因子都和PE有很好的相关性。风速与PE为显著正相关,且相关系数最大的区域与EOF1中PE变率最大的区域吻合;相对湿度与PE为显著负相关;PE与气温的相关系数都为正值,且相关系数最大的区域对应于PE显著增加的地区,而与日照时数的相关系数在除春季以外的其他季节都大于0.6。进一步分析发现,风速和日照时数与PE的关系受两个气象因子的线性趋势影响较大,以此推断出PE的下降趋势应该很大程度是受风速和日照时数减小的影响。此外,干旱发生时,PE明显偏大,降水、气温、湿度和日照时数的变化也都对PE增大有明显的贡献,PE对干旱有很好的指示作用。 相似文献
17.
The influence of interpolation and station network density on the distributions and trends of climate variables in gridded daily data 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
We study the influence of station network density on the distributions and trends in indices of area-average daily precipitation
and temperature in the E-OBS high resolution gridded dataset of daily climate over Europe, which was produced with the primary
purpose of Regional Climate Model evaluation. Area averages can only be determined with reasonable accuracy from a sufficiently
large number of stations within a grid-box. However, the station network on which E-OBS is based comprises only 2,316 stations,
spread unevenly across approximately 18,000 0.22° grid-boxes. Consequently, grid-box data in E-OBS are derived through interpolation
of stations up to 500 km distant, with the distance of stations that contribute significantly to any grid-box value increasing
in areas with lower station density. Since more dispersed stations have less shared variance, the resultant interpolated values
are likely to be over-smoothed, and extreme daily values even more so. We perform an experiment over five E-OBS grid boxes
for precipitation and temperature that have a sufficiently dense local station network to enable a reasonable estimate of
the area-average. We then create a series of randomly selected station sub-networks ranging in size from four to all stations
within the E-OBS interpolation search radii. For each sub-network realisation, we estimate the grid-box average applying the
same interpolation methodology as used for E-OBS, and then evaluate the effect of network density on the distribution of daily
values, as well as trends in extremes indices. The results show that when fewer stations have been used for the interpolation,
both precipitation and temperature are over-smoothed, leading to a strong tendency for interpolated daily values to be reduced
relative to the “true” area-average. The smoothing is greatest for higher percentiles, and therefore has a disproportionate
effect on extremes and any derived extremes indices. For many regions of the E-OBS dataset, the station density is sufficiently
low to expect this smoothing effect to be significant and this should be borne in mind by any users of the E-OBS dataset. 相似文献
18.
This paper comprehensively studies the spatio-temporal characteristics of the frequency of extremely heavy precipitation events over South China by using the daily precipitation data of 110 stations during 1961 to 2008 and the extremely heavy precipitation thresholds determined for different stations by REOF, trend coefficients, linear trend, Mann-Kendall test and variance analysis. The results are shown as follows. The frequency distribution of extremely heavy precipitation is high in the middle of South China and low in the Guangdong coast and western Guangxi. There are three spatial distribution types of extremely heavy precipitation in South China. The consistent anomaly distribution is the main type. Distribution reversed between the east and the west and between the south and the north is also an important type. Extremely heavy precipitation events in South China mainly occurred in the summer-half of the year. Their frequency during this time accounts for 83.7% of the total frequency. In the 1960s and 1980s, extremely heavy precipitation events were less frequent while having an increasing trend from the late 1980s. Their climatological tendency rates decrease in the central and rise in the other areas of South China, and on average the mean series also shows an upward but insignificant trend at all of the stations. South China＇s frequency of extremely heavy precipitation events can be divided into six major areas and each of them shows a different inter-annual trend and three of the representative stations experience abrupt changes by showing remarkable increases in terms of Mann-Kendall tests. 相似文献
19.
由华南区15、42个测站构成了相互独立的低、高密度两种站网。用1958-2000年5-6月逐日降水资料，分析了两种站网华南前汛期降水量场特征的异同。统计表明：1）两种站网给出的华南区域平均季、月降水量无显著差异，候、日降水量有显著差异；2）两种站网给出的逐日气候及其异常场均存在显著差异。 相似文献
20.
The interdecadal variations of tropical cyclones(TCs) and their precipitation over Guangdong Province are investigated using the observational data of TCs and precipitation from 26 observational stations in the province from 1951 to 2005.The results show that the TCs precipitation shows an oscillation with a peak value of about 25 years,with both the numbers of the Guangdong-influencing TCs and TCs formed in the western North Pacific oscillating with a peak value of about 23 years.The correlations are highly positive between the interdecadal variation of TC precipitation over the province and these numbers.The interdecadal variation of TC precipitation in the province shows significant negative correlations with the interdecadal variation of annual mean SST in some parts of the western North Pacific and the interdecadal variation of annual mean 500 hPa geopotential heights in some parts of the middle and high latitudes over the North Pacific.In general,there are high mean SSTs on the equator from central to eastern Pacific,low mean SSTs in the middle and high latitudes over the North Pacific and a main strong East Asian trough over the North Pacific in the period of less TC precipitation as compared with the period of more TC precipitation over the province. 相似文献