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1.
利用年际增量、小波分析和回归分析等方法深入分析了秋季热带印度洋偶极子(Tropical Indian Ocean Dipole,TIOD)年际振荡对次年长江上游年径流量的影响特征及其物理机理。结果表明,长江上游年径流量和秋季TIOD均具有显著的年际振荡特征,在20世纪80年代以前和90年代之后尤为明显。两者的滞后相关系数为0.42,通过了99.9%的显著性检验,即秋季TIOD较前一年增强(减弱),有利于次年长江上游径流量较前一年偏多(少)。秋季TIOD对次年长江上游年径流量多寡的影响,是通过调制降水,尤其是夏季降水来实现的。当秋季TIOD增强时,赤道印度洋海温呈东西"-+"分布,其中偏暖区延伸至南北纬20°,偏冷区与西太平洋的偏冷区相通。赤道印度洋至西太平洋上空激发出增强的Walker型环流,中心位于印度洋正上方。随着时间的发展,暖性Kelvin波产生并向东传播,印度洋偏暖区以及冷暖海温差异中心东移。至次年夏季,西印度洋暖海温中心移动至东印度洋边缘至南海区域,偏冷海区东退至日界线附近。印度洋上空增强的Walker型环流消失,高层转为偏东气流与105°E附近加强爬升的气流相连。与此同时,105°E以东的Walker环流加强,高层为西风,400 hPa以下为深厚的东风区。高低空环流相互耦合并配合科氏力的影响,赤道以北副热带地区负涡度增强,西太平洋副热带高压偏大偏强,异常反气旋北扩,系统外围的西南气流加强南海和孟湾水汽的输送,使得次年夏季长江上游全流域处于水汽辐合上升区,降水显著偏多,从而影响了长江上游年径流量的多寡。 相似文献
2.
不同海域SSTA对东半球越赤道气流年代际变化影响的数值模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用1950—2000年逐月观测的不同海域（全球、热带外、热带、热带印度洋-太平洋及热带太平洋）海表温度,分别驱动NCAR CAM3全球大气环流模式,进行了多组长时间积分试验,对比ERA-40再分析资料,讨论了这些海域海表温度异常（SSTA）对东半球越赤道气流年代际变化的影响。数值试验结果表明,全球、热带、热带印度洋-太平洋及热带太平洋海表温度变化分别驱动NCAR CAM3全球大气环流模式,均能模拟出索马里、120 ?E和150 ?E越赤道气流在1970年代中后期由弱变强的年代际变化特征,其中模拟的索马里越赤道气流年代际变化特征及其与东亚夏季风年代际变化关系均与观测结果较一致,而热带外海表温度驱动全球大气环流模式未能模拟出此年代际变化现象,表明全球、热带、热带印度洋-太平洋及热带太平洋海表温度变化均对索马里越赤道气流在1970年代中后期的年代际变化具有重要作用,热带太平洋是关键海区;索马里越赤道气流的年代际变化与热带太平洋海温年代际背景变化密切相关,当热带太平洋处于暖（冷）背景年代,热带东太平洋海温异常从北到南呈“＋、－、＋”（“－、＋、－”）“三明治”式距平分布,有利于赤道东太平洋南北两侧产生一对距平反气旋（气旋）,然后可能通过“大气桥”的作用,与热带印度洋赤道南北两侧的一对距平气旋（反气旋）联系起来,从而引起索马里越赤道气流强度的增强（减弱）。 相似文献
3.
索马里急流和澳洲越赤道气流年际变异不同配置及其影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
使用NCEP/NCAR大气再分析资料、Hadley中心海表温度分析资料和中国160站降水观测资料,分析了夏季索马里急流与澳洲越赤道气流年际变异之间的关系及相关联的海表温度、大气环流和中国降水异常分布特征。结果表明:夏季索马里急流和澳洲越赤道气流的年际变异存在两类关系,即多数的反位相和少数的同位相关系。当夏季索马里急流和澳洲越赤道气流呈前者减弱、而后者增强的反位相变化时,热带印度洋—太平洋海气异常表现为处于发展阶段的经典的东部El Nio型,造成东亚夏季风显著减弱,中国降水呈南方偏多、北方偏少的偶极型分布;当夏季索马里急流和澳洲越赤道气流同位相增强时,海气异常表现为处于成熟阶段的中太平洋El Nio型,东亚夏季风增强,中国降水呈长江流域降水偏少、而华北和华南沿海降水显著偏多的三极型分布。 相似文献
4.
利用1979—2019年全国160站逐月降水资料、国家气候中心的西太平洋副热带高压特征指数逐月资料、英国Hadley中心逐月海表面温度资料以及NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析资料,结合小波分析、相关分析、信息流以及合成分析方法,分析了广西前汛期降水的变化特征及其与东南太平洋海温变化的因果联系。结果表明:近40 a来广西前汛期降水呈弱增多趋势,在1980年代末至21世纪初存在显著的3~5 a周期。在1980年代至1990年代初为少雨期,而在20世纪末至21世纪初期转为多雨期。东南太平洋是海温影响广西前汛期降水的关键区,同年春季以及同期该区域海温变化是造成广西前汛期降水变化的原因之一,海温升高(降低)能够部分导致降水的减少(增多)。同年春季海温偏冷年,关键区西侧为对流抑制,南太平洋出现异常反气旋环流响应,通过垂直环流引起澳大利亚西北侧上升运动异常,减弱了局地Hadley环流。该异常通过大气桥一方面使得副高增强增大,位置偏西偏南,有利于副高西侧的西南气流向广西输送水汽;另一方面使得广西地区上空局地Hadley下沉支减弱,受异常上升运动控制,对流增强,导致降水正异常。反之亦然。 相似文献
5.
我国华南3月份降水年代际变化的特征 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
利用1951～2005年华南3月份降水资料、太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)指数以及NCEP再分析资料,对华南3月份降水年代际变化特征、及其对应的大尺度环流以及与PDO的关系进行了分析。结果表明,华南3月份降水存在显著的年代际变化特征,并且Mann-Kendal突变检验表明华南3月份降水在1978年左右发生年代际突变,从之前的降水偏少转变为降水偏多。我国华南3月份降水与PDO有着显著的相关。进一步研究表明,在年代际降水偏少时期,PDO处于负位相(北太平洋海温偏高,中东太平洋海温偏低),北太平洋海平面气压场和高度场偏高,亚洲大陆海平面气压场和高度场偏低,赤道西太平洋到赤道东印度洋附近的海平面气压场偏低,赤道辐合带附近地区的高度场偏低,东亚对流层大气偏暖,西太平洋副热带高压偏东,东亚高空急流偏北,东亚Hadley环流偏弱。在年代际降水偏多时期,PDO处于正位相,情况则与降水偏少时期相反。 相似文献
6.
采用NCEP/NCAR 1961—2006年的全球月平均海表温度和风场再分析资料,以及云南省汛期(6—8月)124个观测站的降水资料,运用相关分析、合成分析及两组样本平均值差异的显著性检验方法,研究前期1—5月南半球海表温度对云南汛期降水异常有影响的关键时期和关键海区,并用南半球海平面风场分析关键海区的海温异常对云南汛期降水异常影响的物理成因机制。结果表明,前期南半球海表温度与云南汛期降水相关显著,显著关键海区主要位于南半球西风漂流区的东南印度洋、澳大利亚南部、东太平洋的智利和秘鲁西海岸及西南大西洋的麦哲伦海峡。其中东太平洋秘鲁寒流区的智利和秘鲁西海岸是影响云南汛期降水最显著的关键区。诊断分析还表明,在东太平洋秘鲁寒流区的暖位相期,孟加拉湾地区的季风和赤道印度洋附近的越赤道气流及印度洋的西南季风减弱,反之则加强。 相似文献
7.
本文通过对观测和再分析数据采用最大协方差分析以及回归、合成等分析方法,研究了青藏高原夏季地表气温与南半球大气环流之间的遥相关关系。结果表明,前期(4月)南半球极地—中高纬度大气环流呈现负位势高度异常、较低纬度印度洋—西太平洋区域呈现正位势高度异常时,高原中部和东部大部分区域夏季出现暖异常。在上述遥相关中,印度洋—西太平洋海温异常可能起到了重要的中间桥梁作用。在高原夏季温度偏高的年份,前期跨赤道的印度洋—西太平洋海温也持续偏暖,带来的海陆热力对比减小、经向跨赤道气流减弱有利于削弱夏季的季风环流,使得高原夏季降水偏少,有利于形成高原夏季的暖异常。在这一高原气温—南半球大气环流的遥相关关系中,4月南半球的大气位势高度场异常和与印度洋—西太平洋海温异常相关的异常高度场分布也十分相似。这一前期的跨赤道区域海温异常与南半球中高纬度位势高度场异常的因果关系仍有待进一步揭示。 相似文献
8.
利用NECP/NOAA再分析资料,建立了越赤道气流强度的表征指标,分析了索马里越赤道气流的变化特征及其与西北地区东部夏季降水的相关性,并从大气环流和水汽输送方面初步探讨了索马里越赤道气流对西北地区东部降水的影响。研究表明:索马里越赤道气流呈增强的趋势。夏季索马里越赤道气流强度有10、14、23 a的变化周期,且与西北地区东部降水有很好的相关性,尤其6月超过99%的置信度检验;索马里越赤道气流强盛时,东亚地区会出现异常东风,同时在欧亚大陆上空易形成西北地区东部降水偏多的500 hPa环流型,增强印度洋和孟加拉湾的水汽输送,从而造成西北地区东部降水偏多。 相似文献
9.
利用1951～2008年NCEP再分析资料和中国夏季降水观测资料,分析了南半球环流的年代际变化特征以及在不同年代际背景下南极涛动(AAO)对中国东部夏季降水的影响.结果表明,20世纪70年代末,南半球环流发生了年代际变化,东南太平洋和南大西洋副高减弱,而马斯克林高压(南印度洋副高)增强,绕南极低压带加深.在此背景下,AAO由负位相转变为正位相,对中国夏季降水的影响也随之发生改变.在春季AAO偏强的情况下,1976年之前,长江以南地区和华北地区降水偏多,江淮流域降水偏少;而在1976年之后,从华南沿海一直到江淮流域降水都偏多,华北到东北地区降水偏少.这说明AAO对中国夏季降水的影响与年代际背景有关,1976年之后,AAO对中国夏季降水的影响增强,影响范围更加偏北.在当前海温预报因子作用减弱的情况下,AAO有可能成为中国夏季降水预测的一个重要预报因子. 相似文献
10.
华北5月降水年际变化特征及其成因 总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2
本文采用华北5月降水资料,NCEP资料以及COADS海温资料,借助相关分析、合成分析等方法研究了华北5月降水的总体分布特征,并从总体上探讨了其与海温、大气环流年际变化的关系及其影响机制。结果表明:华北5月降水存在年际变化特征,降水量偏少年份多于偏多的年份,降水偏少年降水量与平均值相差较小,而降水偏多年降水量与平均值相差较大;华北5月降水与(25~50°N,110~145°E)一带大气环流(200 hPa)的年际变化及前期低纬大气环流的年际变化均有显著的正相关关系;中纬度西传Rossby波列与低纬赤道印度洋海温的变化是引起华北5月降水年际变化的重要原因。 相似文献
11.
Decadal circulation differences between more and less rainfall periods in the annually first rainy
season of Guangxi and their association with sea surface temperature (SST) of the austral Indian Ocean are
investigated by using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. The results are shown as follows. A pattern in
which there is uniform change of the Guangxi precipitation shows a 20-year decadal oscillation and a
3-year interannual change. In contrast, a pattern of reversed-phase change between the north and the south
of Guangxi has a 6-year interannual periodicity and quasi-biennial oscillation. In the period of more
precipitation, the surface temperature in Eurasia is positively anomalous so as to lead to stronger low
pressure systems on land and larger thermal contrast between land and ocean. Therefore, the air column is
more unstable and ascending flows over Guangxi are intensified while the Hadley cell is weakened.
Furthermore, the weaker western Pacific subtropical high and South Asia High, together with a stronger
cross-equatorial flow, result in the transportation of more humidity and the appearance of more
precipitation. The correlation analysis indicates that the Indian Ocean SST in Southern Hemisphere is
closely associated with the variation of the seasonal precipitation of Guangxi on the decadal scale by
influencing the Asian monsoon through the cross-equatorial flow. 相似文献
12.
Based on the monthly precipitation data of 126 observation stations from 1961 to 2000 in Yunnan Province, the interannual and decadal variability of precipitation in rainy seasons are studied by using wavelet analysis. It is shownthat there is a 2 - 6 year oscillation at the interannual time scales and a quasi-30 year oscillation at the decadal time scales. These periodic oscillations relate to the distribution of tropical heat content. When the precipitation is much more (less) than normal, the upper seawater is colder (warmer) in almost all the tropical Indian Ocean, and warmer (colder) in the western Pacific as well ascolder (warmer) in the eastern Pacific. The key areas of the anomaly heat content distribution that have significant correlation to the Yunnan precipitation inrainy season are in the southern hemispheric Indian Ocean with a dipole patternin the winter as well as in the deep basin of the South China Sea (SCS) before the Yunnan rainy season begins. Therefore, the anomalous distributions of the heat content in the southern Indian Ocean and the SCS in winter are good indicators for predicting drought or flood in Yunnan Province in the following rainy season. 相似文献
13.
~~THE INTERANNUAL AND DECADAL VARIABILITY OF PRECIPITATION FOR YUNNAN PROVINCE IN RAINY SEASON AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH TROPICAL UPPER LAYER TEAT CONTENT@郑春怡$Meteorological Observatory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034 China
@黄菲$Department of Marine Meteorology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003 China
@普贵明$Meteorological Observatory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034 China~~… 相似文献
14.
利用1961—2017年中国地面观测站日降水资料、全球大气多要素和海表温度月资料,分析华南区域持续性强降水过程的气候特征,诊断并比较与华南前汛期、后汛期区域持续性强降水年际变化相关的大气环流和海表温度异常特征。结果表明,3—12月华南都可能出现持续性强降水过程,其中汛期4—9月的占了94.4%。伴随着区域持续性强降水的年际变化,华南本地垂直上升运动显著异常是前汛期和后汛期的共同点,但前汛期、后汛期在华南及周边环流异常、水汽输送来源以及海温异常分布等方面都存在一定差异。在前汛期华南区域持续性强降水偏重年,赤道西太平洋区域海温偏低,由于大气罗斯贝波响应使西太平洋副热带高压偏强,热带西太平洋向华南区域水汽输送加强,从而有利于区域持续性强降水偏重。后汛期华南区域持续性强降水偏重年的海温异常分布是赤道中东太平洋区域正异常、东印度洋至西太平洋暖池区负异常,海温异常通过西北太平洋副热带高压、南海热带季风强度、水汽输送和垂直环流等多方面,导致后汛期区域持续性强降水偏重。 相似文献
15.
夏季对流层低层印缅槽活动初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文对1974—1983年夏季印缅槽活动进行普查后指出,夏季印缅槽属于印度季风槽的一部分,它的活动受南海毗邻地区热带天气系统所制约。在南半球越赤道气流进入孟加拉湾和中南半岛所形成的西南季风潮过出后期,往往是印缅槽形成的良好时期。初夏印缅槽活动与华南前汛期的暴雨有较好的相关。 相似文献
16.
The sustained rainfall process on May 13-22, 2004 was one of the pre-summer rainy periods in the south of China. It was related with the genesis and development of a SW monsoon surge over the Bay of Bengal. From the synoptic analysis it is found that the genesis and development of the SW monsoon surge may be divided approximately into the initial, developing and decaying stages. During the rainfall the Southern Hemisphere cross-equatorial flow over the Indian Ocean plays a triggering role. 相似文献
17.
A study has been made, using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research
re-analysis 500 hPa geopotential height data, to determine how intraseasonal variability influences, or can generate, coherent
patterns of interannual variability in the extratropical summer and winter Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation. In
addition, by separating this intraseasonal component of interannual variability, we also consider how slowly varying external
forcings and slowly varying (interannual and longer) internal dynamics might influence the interannual variability of the
Southern Hemisphere circulation. This slow component of interannual variation is more likely to be potentially predictable.
How sea surface temperatures are related to the slow components is also considered. The four dominant intraseasonal modes
of interannual variability have horizontal structures similar to those seen in both well-known intraseasonal dynamical modes
and statistical modes of intraseasonal variability. In particular, they reflect intraseasonal variability in the high latitudes
associated with the Southern Annular Mode, and wavenumber 4 (summer) and wavenumber 3 (winter) patterns associated with south
Pacific regions of persistent anomalies and blocking, and possibly variability related to the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO).
The four dominant slow components of interannual variability, in both seasons, are related to high latitude variability associated
with the Southern Annular Mode, El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability, and South Pacific Wave variability associated
with Indian Ocean SSTs. In both seasons, there are strong linear trends in the first slow mode of high latitude variability
and these are shown to be related to similar trends in the Indian Ocean. Once these are taken into account there is no significant
sea surface temperature forcing of these high latitude modes. The second and third ENSO related slow modes, in each season,
have high correlations with tropical sea surface temperature variability in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, both contemporaneously
and at one season lag. The fourth slow mode has a characteristic South Pacific wave structure of either a wavenumber 4 (summer)
or wavenumber 3 (winter) pattern, with strongest loadings in the South Pacific sector, and an association simultaneously with
a dipole SST temperature gradient in the subtropical Indian Ocean. 相似文献
18.
华南后讯期降水的年际变化 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
本文研究了近30多年来(1951——1984)华南后讯期降水的年际变化。结果表明:(1)华南后讯期降水有3年周期变化和10年尺度的长期变化;(2)夏季西太平洋副热带高压轴线南北位置和西脊点西伸位置的年际变化与华南后讯期降水有密切联系。当副高位置偏北偏东时,华南后讯期降水偏多。反之,降水偏少。 利用1974—1983年的月平均OLR资料研究了热带辐合带对华南后讯期降水的影响。结果表明,华南后讯期降水多年和少年热带辐合带的位置和强度有显著差异。多雨年热带辐合带位置偏北强度偏弱,少雨年则相反,热带辐合带位置偏南强度偏强。 相似文献
19.
Summary A general circulation model is used to study the response of the atmosphere to an idealised sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly pattern (warm throughout the southern midlatitudes, cool in the tropics) in the South Indian Ocean region. The anomaly imposed on monthly SST climatology captures the essence of patterns observed in the South Indian Ocean during both ENSO events and multidecadal epochs, and facilitates diagnosis of the model response. A previous study with this anomaly imposed in the model examined differences in the response between that on the seasonal scale (favours enhancement of the original SST anomaly) and that on the decadal scale (favours damping of the anomaly). The current study extends that work firstly by comparing the response on the intraseasonal, seasonal and interannual scales, and secondly, by assessing the changes in the circulation and rainfall over the adjoining African landmass.It is found that the atmospheric response is favourable for enhancement of the original SST anomaly on scales up to, and including, annual. However, as the scale becomes interannual (i.e., 15–21 months after imposition of the anomaly), the model response suggests that damping of the original SST anomaly becomes likely. Compared to the shorter scale response, the perturbation pressure and wind distribution on the interannual scale is shifted poleward, and is more reminiscent of the decadal response. Winds are now stronger over the warm anomaly in the southern midlatitudes suggesting enhanced surface fluxes, upper ocean mixing, and consequently, a damping of the anomaly.Examination of the circulation and rainfall patterns indicates that there are significant anomalies over large parts of southern Africa during the spring, summer and autumn seasons for both short (intraseasonal to interannual) and decadal scales. It appears that rainfall anomalies are associated with changes in the advection of moist tropical air from the Indian Ocean and its related convergence over southern Africa. Over eastern equatorial Africa, the austral autumn season (the main wet season) showed rainfall increases on all time scales, while parts of central to eastern subtropical southern Africa were dry. The signals during summer were more varied. Spring showed generally dry conditions over the eastern half of southern Africa on both short and decadal time scales, with wet areas confined to the west. In all cases, the magnitude of the rainfall anomalies accumulated over a 90 day season were of the order of 90–180 mm, and therefore represent a significant fraction of the annual total of many areas. It appears that relatively modest SST anomalies in the South Indian Ocean can lead to sizeable rainfall anomalies in the model. Although precipitation in general circulation models tends to be less accurately simulated than many other variables, the model results, together with previous observational work, emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring of SST in this region.With 14 Figures 相似文献