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本文将黑龙江省1956-2009年222个龙卷风样本进行分类、分析时空分布特征、分析F2级以上龙卷风的环流背景并探讨其形成机制.结果表明:龙卷风有明显的时空分布特征,1956-1987年发生次数明显高于1988-2009年,一年中龙卷风主要集中在夏季,以7月最多,且多出现在午后至傍晚;龙卷风在空间分布上有明显的地域特征,山区很少或不发生,松嫩平原腹地是龙卷风高发地带,其中绥化地区出现的次数最多;龙卷风灾害呈并发性,主要是风灾,往往伴有冰雹、暴雨、雷击及飞射物,使灾害加重;不稳定的形势场是龙卷风产生的基础,暖湿气流的输送,冷暖空气的强对流运动为龙卷风的产生提供了条件. 相似文献
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京津冀区域龙卷风灾害特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于气象报表、中国气象灾害大典、气象灾情数据库以及档案馆地方志等历史资料,查阅1956—2016年京津冀区域的龙卷风个例,按照"增强藤田级别"龙卷风强度等级分类标准,采用专家评定法对龙卷风个例进行定级,并运用时间序列、趋势分析和空间分析方法,对龙卷风的时空分布、灾害特征进行了统计分析。主要结论如下:①1956—2016年,京津冀区域共确认龙卷风个例188个,空间分布上,龙卷风发生最多的区域有2个,一是张家口坝上4县:张北、尚义、沽源、康保,二是京津冀东部地区,特别是沧州、天津、唐山、秦皇岛沿海地区是龙卷风高发区;②时间分布上,1985—1993年龙卷风发生次数最多,90年代以后呈下降趋势;③龙卷风在夏季发生次数占总数的81.9%,龙卷风主要发生时段为11:00—20:00;④对有灾情记录的122个龙卷风个例,经专家评定,EF4和EF3级各1例,EF2级14例,EF1级52例,EF0级54例。 相似文献
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《湖北气象》2016,(2)
基于中国气象局气象灾害灾情普查数据库中龙卷风灾情数据,采用时间序列统计分析、趋势分析和GIS空间分析方法,对1984—2013年中国龙卷风发生频次及其灾情进行了统计分析,同时分析了中国龙卷风及其灾害的时空分布特征。结果表明:近30 a,中国龙卷风灾害年发生次数和龙卷风导致的死亡(含失踪)人数、倒损房屋数量和直接经济损失均呈现下降趋势,其中龙卷风灾害发生频次和死亡人数下降趋势明显,而直接经济损失下降趋势较弱;中国龙卷风灾害发生次数及其导致的死亡人数、倒损房屋和直接经济损失均表现为夏季最多,春季次之,其中,7月份龙卷风发生次数最多且灾情最重;空间分布上,中国龙卷风灾害发生次数和直接经济损失均表现为西少东多的特征,死亡人数和倒损房屋数量主要分布在我国东部偏南地区;西北和西南地区龙卷风灾害发生少、灾情轻,而中东部地区的江苏、安徽、湖北、湖南、江西和广东龙卷风发生频次高、死亡(含失踪)人数多且经济损失较重,其中江苏和安徽最为严重。 相似文献
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基于1961—2017年京津冀地区126个气象观测站逐日最低气温和降水资料,分析该区域寒潮发生频次时空变化特征,在此基础上通过定义的干湿判别指标分析区域性寒潮的干湿特征。结果表明:(1)京津冀地区单站寒潮年平均发生频次空间分布呈西北多东南少,86%的站点寒潮年发生频次呈减少趋势。(2)1961—2017年寒潮累计发生站次呈显著减少趋势(P<0.001),气候倾向率为-5.7站次·a^(-1),且在1983年发生突变。1961—1971年寒潮累计发生站次出现峰值,从1972年开始锐减,2007—2017年寒潮平均发生站次为历史最少。(3)1961—2017年区域性寒潮发生频次年际变化总体呈递减趋势,气候倾向率为-0.282次·(10 a)^(-1),1960年代冬季区域性寒潮发生频次最多,1970年代秋季和春季最多,2000年代冬季和春季为次高峰期,2011—2017年3个季节最少。区域性寒潮发生频次季节分布中以秋季出现最多、其次是冬季、春季最少;10月、11月寒潮最为活跃。(4)京津冀地区区域性寒潮过程干过程发生频次最多,2011—2017年区域性寒潮过程干湿特征趋向于干过程和湿过程两极化分布。 相似文献
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利用1961—2016年江苏省70个站点的逐日降水资料和暴雨定义,分析了江苏省半个世纪以来暴雨发生的年代际时空变化特征,并分析了不同分布型El Nino发展年份对江苏省夏季降水和暴雨的影响特征。结果表明江苏省暴雨主要集中在6—8月,暴雨日数占全年的73.6%,尤其又以7月为最多;暴雨总的分布特点为苏北多于苏南,淮北西北部及苏南东部最少;江苏暴雨发生频次具有明显的年代际变化,且各地区暴雨的年代际变化有一定差异,频发期为1960s、1990s至今,尤其是1990s以来,全省暴雨增多趋势明显,且2011年之后雨带明显南移;东部型El Nino发展年份较中部型El Nino年份的环流形势更有利于导致江苏夏季降水偏多,尤其是沿江苏南地区与常年同期均值有显著性差异。 相似文献
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根据中国气象灾害大典、年鉴、全国与河南省气候影响评价等文献,对豫东南区域1949-2011年30次龙卷风的历史记录逐个进行了时空分析和富士达分级：63 a来发生于6、7月的龙卷风占总次数的2/3;20世纪80年代集中发生在1984年和1986年,90年代仅1990、1993年没有发生,21世纪前10 a主要是2005年的3次（均为F1级）。有24个县（市）曾有龙卷风光顾过,发生最多的汝南和潢川曾遭遇过5次龙卷风袭击,其他县（市）分别出现1～4次不等。灾害特征是较低级别的F0和F1等级较多,F2等级较少,但发生的概率和强度等级均高于豫西。 相似文献
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查阅中国气象灾害大典、年鉴、全国与河南省气候影响评价等文献,对豫东南区域1949-2011年30次龙卷风的历史记录逐个进行了时空分析和富士达分级：63a来发生于6、7月份的龙卷风占总次数的2/3;20世纪80年代集中发生在1984、1986两年,90年代仅1990、1993年没有发生,21世纪前10 a主要是2005年的三次（均为F1级）。有24个县（市）曾有龙卷风光顾过,发生最多的汝南和潢川曾遭遇过5次龙卷风袭击,其他县（市）分别出现1～4次不等。灾害特征是较低级别的F0和F1等级较多,F2等级较少,但发生的概率和强度等级均高于豫西。 相似文献
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探讨了黑龙江省2000年以来浓雾时空分布特征以及秋季浓雾异常环流特征和环流分型。结果表明：黑龙江省浓雾春季和冬季少,夏季最多,但多发生在山区,持续时间短,局地性强;范围大、持续时间长、灾害重的浓雾天气主要出现在秋季,其中10—11月持续性浓雾天气过程均发生在2010年以后。黑龙江省秋季浓雾多发生在暖湿空气较强的环境条件下,根据500 hPa高度场和距平场特征把秋季偏暖背景下浓雾发生的主要环流型分为西低东高型和纬向型,黑龙江省中低层正高度距平、850 hPa距平风场上反气旋环流以及西北太平洋副热带高压常偏北偏强等异常环流特征对浓雾中短期预报有较好的指示意义。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献