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1.
为研究华南湿热气候地区城市小区的温湿环境特征，基于微气候模式(ENVI-met)模拟广州市海珠区中山大学小区冬夏季温湿场的分布特征，并结合气象自动站连续监测资料进行检验订正，结果表明：(1)不同季节街区温湿场空间分布特征存在一定差异，白天水体和植被覆盖区为高湿和低温区；(2)ENVI-met模式能够较好预测小区微尺度温度和湿度环境，冬季温度和湿度实测值日变化幅度稍高于模拟值，夏季温度模拟值日变化幅度大于实测值；(3)冬夏季温度经过多项式函数拟合订正及冬季湿度经过指数函数和夏季湿度经过幂函数拟合订正后RMSE分别降至0.8℃以下和2.5%以下；MAPE分别降至0.26%和2.6%以下，模拟结果与实测值基本一致。研究结果表明ENVI-met可应用于城市小区规划建设。 相似文献
2.
《气象与环境学报》2016,(5)
基于城市微气候模拟软件ENVI-met,对深圳市某商业区街头绿地周边的微气候进行了模拟,并利用现场实测数据对模拟结果的准确性进行了校核。结果表明:ENVI-met可合理描述研究区微气候环境的空间分布与日变化特征。在此基础上,利用ENVI-met模拟比较了乔木、草坪和水景3类街头绿地的微气候效应,由空气温湿度对比可见,不同类型街头绿地的降温增湿效果存在明显差异,乔木型绿地降温增湿效果最大,草坪型绿地次之,水景型绿地降温增湿效果最弱,但3类绿地降温增湿效应的日变化和空间分布基本一致;由地面温度对比可见,乔木型和草坪型街头绿地对邻近路面具有增温效应,而水景型街头绿地对周边所有路面均具有降温作用,本文研究结果可为城市街头绿地的气候适应性设计提供参考。 相似文献
3.
选取福州大学校园教学区为研究区域,基于典型冬季日背景,运用三维非静力微气候模型ENVI-met,分析模拟校园热环境的差异变化及其热舒适度响应。结合实地勘测,对模型进行校准和验证。结果表明：ENVI-met模型能较好地表征室外热环境,准确预测温度和相对湿度的日变化趋势。混凝土路面、灰色地砖路面行人高度的日平均气温分别比草地高出0.1 ℃和0.3 ℃,逐时最大温差分别为0.68 ℃和0.65 ℃。建筑物阴影和树阴可降低行人高度的气温1.1—1.9 ℃;同一组团在有无遮阴的条件下,平均辐射温度（Tmrt）相差最大可达30 ℃;树木附近和建筑物组团内部生理等效温度（PET）值较小,比硬质路面低2—3个等级。无植被方案下,高温低湿区范围有所扩张,在垂直方向上的增温效应可伸展至10.5 m;风速最大增幅可达1.23 m·s-1,平均辐射温度较高区域的面积增加了69.25%;热舒适区和热不适区面积分别增加了19.78%和2.03%。 相似文献
4.
开展城市建筑物方位、高度等建筑布局要素对局地热环境时空变化的影响研究,对于合理的城市规划布局具有重要理论意义与实践参考价值。采用ENVI-met 微气候模式,在南京江北新区顶山街道某区域微气候模拟的基础上,选择一个二类居住用地并设计不同的建筑布局要素作为规划场景,模拟分析了建筑物高度与建筑间距之比（H/W）、建筑布局变化对区域热环境的影响。结果表明:ENVI-met 能够以较高精度模拟2 m高度气温;H/W与建筑布局形式都会影响区域热环境,适当增加H/W可在一定程度上降低夏季气温,H/W为1.4时的热环境更为舒适,而不同建筑布局形式下的不同区域温度差异较大。 相似文献
5.
城市不同下垫面与建筑物空间形态对近地表气温等微气候要素产生了重要影响。开展城市气温时空变化模拟与影响因素分析,对于城市热环境评价与城市规划具有重要意义。论文基于高空间分辨率Geoeye-1立体影像,在建筑物高度、下垫面覆盖类型信息提取的基础上,选择南京一中、光华东街、玄武湖、头陀岭4个区域,采用ENVI-met微气候模式,以城市基本气象站南京站的实时气象数据作为背景气象场,模拟不同区域近地表气温的时空分布特征,并利用区域自动气象站观测数据进行精度检验。结果表明:在时间变化上,ENVI-met模拟气温与实测值之间吻合程度较高;在空间分布上,南京一中与光华东街区域气温时空分布规律总体相似,但城市空间形态的差异使得局部区域气温变化不同,玄武湖区域气温由陆地中心向外围呈递减趋势,而头陀岭地形复杂多变,白天气温变化剧烈,夜间空间变化较小。 相似文献
6.
利用河南省及周边145个气象站1961－2000年常规气象观测资料和河南省1:25万DEM数据,充分考虑起伏地形下太阳散射辐射的天空因素与地面因素后,基于分布式开阔度模型和天文辐射模型,实现了起伏地形下河南省太阳散射辐射的分布式模拟.计算了100m×100 m分辨率下河南省1－12月气候平均太阳散射辐射及多年平均年散射辐射总量的空间分布.结果表明:在充分考虑经验系数的时空分布特征后,模拟精度有了进一步提高.与郑州站的观测资料对比验证表明,模拟精度较高,年平均绝对误差为3.06 MJ·m-2,年平均相对误差为1.67％;局地地形对太阳散射辐射的影响比较明显;通过个例年验证对模型性能和模拟结果进行考察,年平均相对误差不足11％.综上表明模型的时空模拟性能良好. 相似文献
7.
屋顶绿化对城市降温效应的模拟分析——以南京市为例 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
利用WRF模式耦合单层城市冠层模式,针对屋顶绿化对城市降温效果进行了模拟,结果表明:(1)南京夏季绿化后的屋顶反照率约为0.15,较水泥及其他反光材料的反照率略小,在白天可造成约0.2℃的升温。(2)绿化后的屋顶热容量明显增加,可使白天气温下降0.33℃;在夜间,可使气温升高0.21℃左右。(3)在植被阻挡作用及土壤层阻挡作用下,屋顶的导热率降低。在白天,净辐射能很难向下层传递,从而转化为感热加热大气,造成气温升高。(4)土壤湿度的改变使更多净辐射能转化为潜热释放。在白天可使温度降低1.23℃;在夜间,平均降温幅度为0.44℃。除此之外,模拟不同季节的统计结果表明,屋顶绿化降温效果在夏季最为明显,最大降幅可达1.22℃,春季0.96℃,秋季0.75℃,冬季只有0.38℃。 相似文献
8.
利用以中尺度数值模式WRF/CALMET作为风电场预报系统的动力模块,及BP神经网络法(BP-ANN)作为风电场预报系统的统计订正方法,对重庆市齐跃山风电场进行了一次时间分辨率为5 min的24 h风速、风功率的滚动预报试验,探讨了适用于中国典型内陆山区的风电场预报系统。结果显示:以WRF/CALMET/BP组成的动力—统计预报系统能够较好地模拟出内陆山区的风场特征,系统对正午至傍晚时段的风速预报准确率较高。WRF/CALMET动力模式对于风速中心振幅的模拟能力较好,经过BP神经网络订正后,模拟结果会趋于均值。不同风速段中,模式对低风速段(3~8 m·s^(-1))的预报效果较好,BP神经网络对中风速段(8~14 m·s^(-1))预报结果的订正效果最明显。 相似文献
9.
基于WRF/CALMET的近地面精细化风场的动力模拟试验研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文利用中尺度动力模式 WRF和诊断模式CALMET对琼州海峡的两次冷空气过程的近地层风场进行模拟和诊断,所用的资料是美国NCEP再分析FNL资料。WRF模式第一至第四层网格的水平距离分别是27、9、3和1 km,并用WRF-1 km场以单向嵌套模拟方式降至200 m,同时以 WRF-1 km 预报场作为 CALMET 初猜场降尺度诊断至200 m。分别用CALMET-200 m风场、WRF-1 km风场和 WRF-200 m风场,3个风场的风速、风向与沿琼海海峡分布的21个测站（其中6个测风塔）观测资料进行检验比较分析。主要结论是：（1）CALMET-200 m的风速RMSE明显小于另外两组试验,风向RMSE总体上差异不大;在60～80 m高度上也没有明显差异。（2）在0～8 m·s－1风速,10 m高度上CALMET-200 m风场诊断结果最好,风速平均偏差值从4～0 m·s－1,WRF的两组试验平均偏差值比CALMET-200 m结果大约2 m·s－1,风向上表现为偏差的分布更加集中;60～80 m高度上,CALMET-200 m 诊断效果与 WRF-1 km 模拟效果相当,但是冷空气时段内 WRF-200 m的风速要远远差于另外两组试验;而3组试验的风向并无大的差异。（3）WRF／CALMET模式系统在非冷空气活动时段内的风速风向模拟诊断偏差更小,说明其在层结相对较稳定时模拟诊断的准确度更高。 相似文献
10.
基于中尺度数值模式WRF,选取新疆两次强降水过程,设计3个试验方案,其中试验1为控制试验,试验2提高分辨率,试验3提高分辨率并调整物理参数化方案,初步评估不同分辨率和参数化方案对新疆区域2m温度、10m风速、降水预报的影响。结果表明:(1)提高分辨率对2m温度、10m风速模拟精度均有提高,2m温度预报精度提高约0.5℃,降低了日间温度模拟冷偏差;10m风速预报精度提高约0.5m/s,降低了风速模拟正偏差;但提高分辨率后,模式出现虚假降水预报的情况。(2)提高分辨率并调整物理参数化方案后,2m温度模拟误差略有减小,模拟偏差减小约0.2℃;10m风速模拟误差增大约0.5m/s,模拟偏差增大超过0.5m/s;对降水落区、量级的模拟精度显著提高,减小了降水中心的模拟强度,对虚假降水预报有一定修正。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献