共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
利用1961—2015年黄淮地区8个辐射站太阳辐射和日照时数等常规气象资料,分别评价6种常用的太阳总辐射和有效辐射估算模型在黄淮地区的适用性,同时采用多元回归分析和迭代等方法,对辐射参数进行优化调整,建立了适合本地区的辐射最优化估算模型。结果表明:童宏良公式和邓根云公式分别在估算太阳总辐射和地面有效辐射时的误差最小,相比其余的辐射估算模型,两者在黄淮地区适用性最好。另外太阳总辐射本地化修正模型的相对误差绝对值(value of Absolute Relative Error, ARE)和均方根误差(Root Mean Squared Error, RMSE)分别为16.28%和1.730 MJ·m~(-2)·d~(-1),优于童宏良公式等常用太阳辐射估算模型;有效辐射本地化修正模型的ARE和RMSE分别为23.19%和1.404 MJ·m~(-2)·d~(-1),优于邓根云公式等常用有效辐射估算模型;因此黄淮地区本地化辐射修正模型适用于当地地表净辐射估算,且具有较好的估算精度。 相似文献
2.
基于梅县区附近汕头气象站1986—2015年历年各月太阳总辐射和日照时数观测资料,采用最小二乘法建立了梅县站各月太阳总辐射与日照时数的关系方程。用梅县区日照时数观测资料,计算出梅县区1986—2015年太阳总辐射。采用线性趋势法和资源丰富程度、稳定程度等指标,对梅县区近30年的太阳能资源进行了分析和评估。结果表明,梅县区属太阳能资源丰富区,平均年太阳总辐射为4 467.08 MJ/m~2,年最小值为4 159.74 MJ/m~2,年最大值为4 834.0 MJ/m~2,总体呈增加趋势,增加速率为每年1.32 MJ/m~2。夏季辐射丰富,冬季偏少,夏季总辐射量是冬季的1.87倍,月平均总辐射7月最多(502 MJ/m~2),2月最少(268 MJ/m~2)。太阳能资源较稳定,月最大日照时数(7月)大于6 h的天数为21 d,是月最小(3月)日照时数的3倍,2—4月不利于太阳能利用。 相似文献
3.
利用塔克拉玛干沙漠塔中大气环境观测试验站2007年1月至201 1年12月总辐射、散射辐射和直接辐射观测资料,分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地太阳总辐射、散射辐射和水平面直接辐射的主要特征。结果表明:塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地总辐射、散射辐射和水平面直接辐射平均年总量分别为6619.0、3507.8和2203.5 MJ·m~(-2)。典型晴天总辐射日峰值分别为散射辐射的2.4倍和直接辐射的1.5倍。沙尘暴天散射辐射值增加到与总辐射基本一致,而直接辐射衰减最明显。当太阳高度角20°时,散射辐射随总云量的增加而增大,且秋、冬两季增幅明显。 相似文献
4.
基于塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地面积最大的天然孤立绿洲达理雅博依2015年1月—2016年2月太阳总辐射观测资料,运用H.L.Penman经验公式模拟计算了该地区2015年逐日总辐射累计量,模拟值与实测值的误差分析显示:本气候学方法成功模拟了沙漠腹地总辐射的年内变化趋势。使用模拟值估算得到达理雅博依绿洲2015年太阳总辐射累计量约为5 332.23 MJ·m-2。又以相同方法模拟了塔中气象站2015年3—5月总辐射变化,结果较达理雅博依的模拟更接近实测值,说明本模拟在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地不同地点结果有效。 相似文献
5.
利用郑州国家基本气象站国产与荷兰CM6B型气象辐射仪器同期观测的太阳总辐射资料,采用统计分析方法,对仪器所采集的数据进行对比分析,并对差异的可能原因进行探讨。结果表明:国产仪器与荷兰CM6B型总辐射表观测数据差异小,日差值的平均值为0.13 MJ·m~(-2),差值标准差为0.75 MJ·m~(-2);仪器月总辐射累计差值有明显的季节性特征,春夏季节的差值稍高于秋冬季节,总体变化趋势平缓,数据均可用,国产总辐射表总体上较为可靠。厂家、型号、参数灵敏度的差异、校准的误差以及人工参与订正数据均是直接造成仪器差值显著的主要原因。 相似文献
6.
《气象与环境学报》2016,(1)
利用2003—2012年海口市气象站不同季节逐时太阳总辐射观测资料与对应气象参数,建立基于小波BP神经网络法逐时太阳总辐射的预测模型,并利用2013年太阳总辐射数据对模型进行检验,且与建立的逐步回归模型进行对比。结果表明:小波神经网络法建立的逐时太阳总辐射预测模型精度较高,但不同季节模型预测精度存在差异,冬季预测精度最高,夏季预测精度最差,天气类型指数有利于不同季节模型预测精度的提高。春季、夏季、秋季和冬季加入天气类型指数神经网络模型的逐时太阳总辐射预测值与观测值的回归估计标准误差分别为0.32、0.47、0.35 MJ·m-2及0.23 MJ·m-2,比逐步回归模型的预报精度分别提高了28.8%、16.3%、17.9%和20.4%,说明基于小波神经网络法建立的预测模型可为海南地区逐时太阳总辐射预测提供参考。 相似文献
7.
基于中国气象局气象业务观测站、青藏高原大气科学试验站及中国科学院野外试验站多源辐射观测数据,经过质量控制和拼接整合,形成1993年以来青藏高原多源气象辐射基本要素逐小时曝辐量整合数据集(Integrated of Multi-source Radiation Data over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,IRDQTP)。各辐射要素实有率均超过99.4%,光合有效辐射正确率低于76%,其他辐射要素正确率超过96.7%。相同或相近观测站址的大气科学或野外试验站(试验站)与气象业务观测站(业务站)向下短波辐射R>0.88,阿里相同站址两种来源数据对比Mbias(RMSE)为-0.006(0.141)MJ·m-2·h-1,99.8%的偏差分布在±1.0 MJ·m-2·h-1,那曲相近站址两种来源数据对比Mbias(RMSE)为-0.028(0.615)MJ·m-2·h-1,84.6%的偏差分布在±1.0 MJ·m-2·... 相似文献
8.
9.
近50年安徽省太阳总辐射的时空变化特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用1961—2010年安徽省辐射观测数据和常规气象要素观测资料,建立了太阳总辐射的气候学计算方法;进而推算了安徽省各地太阳总辐射,并采用趋势分析、突变检验和小波分析等方法研究了其时空变化特征。结果表明:以理论天文辐射为起始值所建立的全省统一公式,能够较好的拟合安徽省月尺度的太阳总辐射值。根据公式推算的安徽省各地太阳总辐射资源的丰富程度以3级为主,空间分布呈北多南少的特征,季节分布为夏多冬少单峰型,但在梅雨期存在波谷。近50年来安徽省各地太阳总辐射量基本呈一致的减少趋势,全省平均下降趋势为每10年减少0.31 MJ·m-2·d-1,近年来辐射下降趋缓。安徽省太阳总辐射在20世纪80年代初存在一次突变现象;近50年总辐射量以准10年和4~6年左右周期振荡较为明显,而20世纪80年代以来年代际振荡信号减弱,并且太阳总辐射气候态以偏少为主。 相似文献
10.
《气象》2021,(6)
利用四川省158个气象站2016—2019年逐小时2 m气温、相对湿度、地面气压、能见度等观测数据,通过SMARTS模式计算并积分得到逐月晴天太阳总辐射,建立晴天太阳总辐射随海拔高度的变化关系,将该关系应用到1990—2019年太阳总辐射空间插值订正中,并对订正效果进行验证,结果表明:晴天太阳总辐射随海拔高度呈对数增加,海拔越高晴天太阳总辐射随高度增幅越小;辐射订正方面,海拔较低、地势平坦的四川盆地地区订正幅度最小,高海拔的川西高原订正幅度居中,高低海拔过渡地带订正幅度最大;交叉验证结果表明,用来验证的7个辐射站年平均绝对误差由182.77 kW·h·m~(-2)减少到145.48 kW·h·m~(-2),相对误差由13.41%减少到10.24%,冬半年订正效果好于夏半年。通过订正可有效提高复杂地形下太阳总辐射插值效果,减小插值误差。 相似文献
11.
Analysis of 40 year records of solar radiation data in Shanghai,Nanjing and Hangzhou in Eastern China 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Summary In this paper, we analyze global, direct and diffuse solar radiation data on a horizontal surface observed at stations in Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou for the period of 1961 to 2000. The data include monthly averages of the daily clearness index (G/G0: the ratio of global to extraterrestrial solar radiation) and the diffuse fraction (D/G: the ratio of diffuse to global solar radiation. The present study has processed and analyzed the data, including variables or statistics of mean, and annual monthly and daily total, the diurnal variation and the frequency of daily totals of global solar radiation. A correlation between daily values of clearness index and diffuse fraction is obtained and recommended correlation equations were calculated. The annual variations and trend of yearly series are analyzed for daily global, direct and diffuse radiation on a horizontal surface, as well as for daily clearness index and diffuse fraction in Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou. The results show: 1) the east China is characterized by a decrease in global and direct radiation and a little increase in diffuse radiation and a negative linear relationship was obtained between clearness index and diffuse fraction. 2) The annual variations of global, direct and diffuse radiation for Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou are similar with relative low values of global and direct radiation in June due to the Meiyu period. 3) The acceleration of air pollution and decrease of relative sunshine are the possible causes for the decrease of global and direct radiation. 相似文献
12.
This paper describes and tests two models for estimating net radiation(or the radiation balance)on sloping surfacesof alpine environments.They are an empirical method based on the linear relationship between net radiation and globalsolar radiation and a flux-by-flux method involving the estimation of all the individual components of radiation budgetindependently.The results show that the empirical method is capable of predicting hourly net radiation on sloping sur-faces to within about±53 W m~(-2) under all sky conditions.During clear sky conditions,it could predict net radiation onslopes to within±58 W m~(-2) or 16% of the measured values.The flux-by-flux method,although it did not perform aswell as the empirical method,performed adequately and could give estimates of net radiation on slopes with root meansquare error of less than 74 W m~(-2)(20%)and a mean bias error of 27 W m~(-2)(7%). 相似文献
13.
G. Mihalakakou M. Santamouris D. N. Asimakopoulos 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2000,66(3-4):185-197
Summary The present study describes a neural network approach for modeling and making short-term predictions on the total solar radiation
time series.
The future hourly values of total solar radiation for several years are predicted, by extracting knowledge from their past
values, using feedforward backpropagation neural networks. The results are tested using various sets of non training measurements,
the findings are very encouraging and the model is found able to simulate the future values of total solar radiation time
series based on their past values. “Multi-lag” output predictions are performed using the predicted values to the input database
in order to model future total solar radiation values with sufficient accuracy. Furthermore, an autoregressive model is developed
for analysing and representing the total solar radiation time series. The predicted values of solar radiation are compared
with the observed data series and it was found that the neural network approach leads to better predictions than the AR model.
Received November 22, 1999 Revised February 17, 2000 相似文献
14.
对气溶胶气候效应开展分类评估并探讨诊断方法的合理性。人为气溶胶辐射效应对计算云辐射强迫的影响为0.38 W·m~(-2)。诊断评估气溶胶对云辐射强迫的影响需要排除这个偏差。两种基于不同试验设计诊断得出的半直接效应分别为0.21和0.09 W·m~(-2),存在显著差异。主要原因可能是人为气溶胶影响云辐射强迫的不同机制之间在模式模拟过程中不断地相互交织,不是简单的线性叠加关系。模式诊断得出的Twomey效应不仅包括Twomey效应本身,还包括Twomey效应引起的部分快速调整。总之,利用模式评估分析人为气溶胶气候效应需要注意审查试验设计和诊断方法的合理性。 相似文献
15.
山东禹城紫外辐射变化特征及其估测方程的建立 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对2005～2011年山东禹城地区观测得到的紫外辐射的时间变化特征及紫外辐射与总辐射比值的变化特征进行了分析, 并结合气温、降水和露点温度资料建立了禹城地区的紫外辐射估测方程。结果表明:紫外辐射日累计值的变化范围为0.10～1.20 MJ m-2 d-1, 年平均值为0.468 MJ m-2 d-1;紫外辐射日、季节变化规律与总辐射一致, 季节变化都表现为冬季小夏季大, 最小值出现在1月, 最大值出现在6月, 日变化则呈现早晚小中午大的特征;紫外辐射与总辐射的比值范围为0.023～0.046, 其季节变化特征也是冬季小夏季大, 该比值随晴空指数的增大而减小, 而在晴空指数大于0.5时比较稳定。利用温度日较差(日最高气温与最低气温的差值)建立了紫外辐射估测方程, 决定系数R2达0.80, 平均相对误差为0.19, 估测紫外线等级与实测紫外线等级相差不大于1的数据占95%, 该方法可以较好地进行紫外辐射等级的估测。 相似文献
16.
The characteristics of net radiation (Rn)(0.3--10 μm) in Lhasa and
Haibei in the Tibetan Plateau were analyzed based on long-term in-situ
measurements of surface radiation data. The monthly average of daily
Rn reached a minimum during the winter period followed by an increase
until May and then a decline until January. This variation is consistent
with solar activity. The annual mean daily total Rn values were 0.92 MJ
m-2 d-1 and 0.66 MJ m-2d-1 in Lhasa and Haibei,
respectively.
A relationship between Rn and broadband solar radiation (Rs) was
demonstrated by a good linear correlation at the two sites. Rn can be an
accurate estimate from Rs. The estimated Rn values were similar to the
observed values, and the relative deviations between the estimates and
measurements of Rn were 2.8% and 3.8% in Lhasa and Haibei,
respectively. The application of the Rn estimating model to other
locations showed that it could provide acceptable estimated Rn values from the Rs data. Furthermore, we analyzed the influence of clouds on
Rn by different clear index (Ks), defined as the ratio of Rs to the
extraterrestrial solar irradiance on a horizontal surface. The results
indicate that more accurate results are associated with increased cloudy
conditions. The influence of the albedo was also considered, but its
inclusion in the model resulted in only a slight improvement. Because
surface albedo is not usually measured, an expression based solely on global
solar radiation could be of more extensive use. 相似文献
17.
Measurements of broadband global solar and ultraviolet radiation (UV-KZ) by a Kipp & Zonen radiometer from 2005 to 2011 at three sites in the background region over Northeast China were used to investigate the characteristics of the temporal variability of UV-KZ radiation in Northeast China. The highest annual mean daily values of UV-KZ (0.53 MJ m?2 d?1) were observed at Sanjiang and Changbai Mountain. The lowest value (0.49 MJ m?2 d?1) was measured at Hailun due to the high aerosol burden and the long path of solar radiation. The diurnal variation in UV-KZ radiation on four clear days near the equinoxes and solstices exhibited bell-shaped curves, with a maximum at approximately noon. There was little difference in UV-KZ radiation between representative spring and autumn days except that the amount of UV-KZ radiation during the spring was higher than that during the autumn. The relationship between the maximum values of UV-KZ radiation and clearness index can be accurately demonstrated with three polynomial equations. An empirical estimation model suited for all weather conditions was developed using measurements collected at Hailun. The slope of the linear regression between the measured and modeled UV-KZ radiation was approximately 1, the intercept of the linear regression equation was near zero, and the relative error of the equation was less than 8.5 %. These validation results suggest that this model can accurately estimate the UV-KZ radiation based on more conventional measured radiation data. The empirical estimation model can also serve as a valuable method for the study of ecological processes in other regions. 相似文献
18.
Summary This paper summarizes results from a mesoscale modeling study to quantify the possible meteorological and energy-use impacts
of large-scale increases in surface albedo and vegetative fraction. Ten regions in the U.S. were characterized and simulated
in base- and modified-surface conditions. Time- and space-dependent meteorological variables were simulated for each region
in four 3-day episodes to represent a range of seasonal variations.
Using a simple interpolative procedure, a complete year of hourly weather data was created for each region (based on episodic
meteorological simulation results) and input into energy-use models. The modified weather input was used to assess the effects
of large-scale albedo and vegetative fraction changes on annual energy consumption in each of the ten areas targeted in this
study. The simulations suggest annual electricity savings of between 1and 6.7 kWh m−2 (of roof area) in residential neighborhoods and between 2 and 6.1 kWh m−2 in office areas, depending on region. Annual gas penalties amount to up to 34.8 MJ m−2 (of roof area) in residential neighborhoods and up to 21.1 MJ m−2 in office areas.
Received December 1, 1996 Revised May 11, 1998 相似文献