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利用中国南部沿海风向、地面气温及南海北部风速的变化确定南海北部冷涌的判别标准,构建了一个冷涌发生频率指数,对南海北部冷涌的年际变化特征及其环流异常进行讨论。结果表明,南海北部冷涌频率指数能够更加全面地描述冷涌系统的特征,与全国范围的冷空气爆发关系密切。南海北部冷涌与中高纬、中低纬环流具有密切的联系,是二者共同作用的结果。当贝加尔湖以西高压脊偏强,中高纬环流经向度加大,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏弱、位置偏东时,有利于大陆上冷空气南下入海,在南海北部形成冷涌。冷涌发生时,经向Hadley环流加强,调整中纬与低纬地区的大气质量,高层向北输送的大气在科氏力作用下导致东亚副热带西风急流加强,有利于冷涌的维持和加强。 相似文献
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一次东亚寒潮爆发后冷涌发展的研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
分析了１９８１年１月２１—２８日一次东亚强寒潮爆发后南海和西太平洋地区冷涌的发展过程。冷涌的发展最先表现为低层强东北风沿东亚沿海地区和南海中北部的迅速建立。２—３ｄ之后，又在菲律宾以东洋面激起第二次冷涌。与冷涌相伴随的低层温度场变化也十分明显，同样具有先后两次降温过程。冷涌期高空风场表现有明显的脉动，南海北部高空西风迅速减弱，而在南海近赤道地区出现了很强的高空东风区。冷涌的发展与寒潮冷高压的南下有密切关系，它的强度在很大程度上取决于中纬度冷高压的强度。另一方面，冷涌发展后，通过Ｈａｄｌｅｙ环流可影响中纬西风急流和热带东风急流的变化。 相似文献
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《湖北气象》2017,(4)
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料分析了与温带急流相关联的梅雨期东亚上空中高纬环流系统的变化特征,揭示出东亚高空急流经向分量在急流变化中具有重要作用,温带急流区经向风和东亚中高纬槽脊关系密切。在温带急流由强变弱的过程中,当温带急流强度强时,急流区以纬向风为主导;当温带急流强度弱时,经向风增强,纬向风迅速减弱,急流区以经向风为主导。温带急流区纬向风强时,500 hPa位势高度等值线平直,中高纬环流为纬向型;温带急流区经向风强时,中高纬槽脊系统发展,中高纬环流由纬向型转换为经向型。梅雨期温带急流区经向风异常主要有80°E、100°E、120°E、140°E四个中心,温带急流区经向风异常的位置不同时,中高纬阻塞高压出现位置不同,冷空气路径不同。 相似文献
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东亚冷涌期间低纬环流和降水形成的数值试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用数值试验的方法，研究了东亚冷涌期间低纬环流和降水的形成。结果表明：低纬积云对流作用加强了东北季风和东北信风，但阻滞了热带辐合带进一步南移。印尼和澳大利亚北部季风降水可以独立存在。南海冷涌以及越赤道的西太平洋东北信风都可以是澳大利亚北部夏季风及降水形成的重要因子。数值研究还指出；印尼加里曼丹的强季风降水及常驻性低层扰动形成的基本因子是南海冷涌所触发的积云对流发展。印尼、加里曼丹地形及东北信风扰动可影响该处降水的强度。 相似文献
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2018年冬季（2018年12月—2019年2月）大气环流特征为：北半球极涡呈单极型分布,主体位于北冰洋上空偏向亚欧大陆一侧。12月,亚洲中东部中高纬环流经向度较大,利于冷空气南下;2019年1—2月,环流经向度减小,中高纬地区以纬向环流为主,冷空气势力减弱,东部及南部海区海雾过程增多。我国近海出现了17次8级以上大风过程,其中冷空气大风过程有13次,冷空气和温带气旋共同影响的大风过程有2次,冷空气与热带气旋共同影响的大风过程有1次, 温带气旋大风过程有1次。我国近海浪高在2 m以上的海浪过程有14次,2 m以上大浪的天数共计64 d。冬季共有10次比较明显的海雾过程,多在北部湾附近海域,出雾时间集中于夜间至早晨。南北海域海面温度之差为21～28 ℃,海面温度整体呈下降趋势。西北太平洋和南海有3个热带气旋活动。 相似文献
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冷涌结构及冷涌期中低纬环流相互作用的数值试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用1982年12月下旬一次冷涌过程的数值试验结果,分析了冷涌的结构并初步讨论了冷涌期中低纬环流的相互作用。结果表明,冷涌仅在近地面反映清楚,水平流场上表现为由大地形激发的开尔文波引起的东北大风沿青藏高原东侧迅速南下,而冷涌前沿则是以重力波特征向南传播。Hadley环流随冷涌南进不断加强。冷涌在涡度场和散度场上分别为一条状北倾的正涡度区和辐合区,它对应于冷锋南下时造成的上升运动区。冷涌能引起赤道地区的扰动加强和中纬度对流层高层西风急流的增强。冷涌期中低纬地区能量增大,通过能量的频散作用把中低纬环流连结起来了。 相似文献
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青藏高原对亚洲季风平均环流影响的数值试验 总被引：7，自引：8，他引：7
利用垂直方向具有９层σ面、水平方向菱形截断波数为１５的全球大气环流谱模式和有、无青藏高原大地形两种情况下１０年积分的模拟结果，研究了青藏高原大地形对亚洲季风平均环流的影响。结果表明：有、无青藏高原大地形，亚洲冬、夏季季风平均环流均存在很大的差异。去除地形，使夏季高层的南亚高压、低层的大陆热低压、副热带高压及冬季的大陆冷高压在位置或强度上发生了改变；地形的有、无决定着冬季东亚大槽的强度；索马里越赤道气流有地形时明显较无地形时强；地形的有无还影响着降水强度和雨带的分布。另外，副热带高压中心及雨带的季节性移动与高原大地形的存在与否亦有很大的关系 相似文献
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青藏高原大地形对冷涌作用的数值模拟研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
本文利用一个有限区域P-σ5层原始方程模式,用欧州中心5°×5°网格资料较好地模拟出1982年12月下旬一次冷涌的大尺度过程。结果表明:青藏高原大地形的热力作用对东亚冬季风无明显影响,而青藏高原大地形对东亚冬季风的动力作用非常显著,它强迫冷空气绕高原东侧南下,激发出冷锋后的开尔文波从而产生东北大风区。另外,冷锋南下时在其前部还产生出一种与大地形无关的重力波,它可能是冷锋本身的激发而形成的。冷涌在Hadley环流之下向南传播,在加强Hadley环流的同时使它南移。 相似文献
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东亚冬季风环流异常与中国江淮流域夏季旱涝天气的关系 总被引：66，自引：5，他引：66
选取１９５１—１９９１年中的长江淮河流域夏季旱涝各１０年，对它们前期的中高纬大型环流形势，低纬环流特征，垂直环流强弱，热带海洋状况等进行了对比诊断分析，其结果如下：长江淮河流域夏季旱年前冬（１２—１—２月），欧亚中高纬呈经向型环流，东亚大槽较常年强且南伸，乌拉尔山及鄂霍次克海阻塞形势发展，寒潮活动频繁，东亚沿海中低纬冷涌活动强烈，至使该经度带上的跨赤道气流加强，而且使南海至菲律宾地区的对流活动趋于活跃。而涝年前冬则基本上为相反形势。本文的分析清晰地揭示了旱涝年前冬东亚冬季风环流存在着明显的差别，促使我们寻找冬夏季风活动的可能联系及物理机制。 相似文献
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A NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT STUDY ON THE FORMING MECHANISMS OF LOW-LATITUDE CIRCULATION CELLS AND PRECIPITATION DURING AN EAST ASIAN COLD SURGE 
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下载免费PDF全文 The forming mechanisms of low-latitude circulation cells and precipitation during an East Asian cold surge have been studied by using a five-layer primitive equation model.Numerical experiments show that in mid-high latitudes,the propagation of the East Asian winter monsoon is nearly a dry process;in low-latitudes,the effects of cumulus convection intensify the northeast monsoon and northeast trade wind;however,they also prevent the intertropical convergence zone(ITCZ) from further southward invasion,and strengthen the meridional and zonal cells over East Asia. Numerical results also indicate that the winter monsoon precipitation in Indonesia and Northern Australia can exist independently.Both the South China Sea(SCS) cold surge and the West Pacific northeast cross-equatorial trade wind are of importance for the formation of the Northern Australia summer monsoon and its precipitation.Numerical results show that the development of cumulus convection,triggered by the SCS cold surge,is a crucial factor in forming the heavy monsoon precipitation and low-level stationary disturbances in Indonesia and Borneo.The tropical topography and northeast trade wind disturbances only affect the intensity of precipitation there. 相似文献
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Decadal variation of the Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode and its influence on the East Asian trough 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 We analyze the decadal variation of the stratosphere troposphere coupled system around the year 2000 by using the NCEP reanalysis-2 data.Specifically,the relationship between the Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode(NAM) and the tropospheric East Asian trough is investigated in order to find the effective stratospheric signals during cold air outbreaks in China.Statistical analyses and dynamic diagnoses both indicate that after 2000,increased stratospheric polar vortex disturbances occur and the NAM is mainly in negative phase.The tropospheric polar areas are directly affected by the polar vortex,and in the midlatitudes,the Ural blocking high and East Asian trough are more active,which lead to enhanced cold air activities in eastern and northern China.Further investigation reveals that under this circulation pattern,downward propagations of negative NAM index are closely related to the intensity variation of the East Asian trough.When negative NAM anomalies propagate down to the upper troposphere and reach a certain intensity(standardized NAM index less than 1),they result in apparent reinforcement of the East Asian trough,which reaches its maximum intensity about one week later.The northerly wind behind the trough transports cold air southward and eastward,and the range of influence and the intensity are closely associated with the trough location.Therefore,the NAM index can be used as a measure of the signals from the disturbed stratosphere to give some indication of cold air activities in China. 相似文献
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Mechanisms determining the tropospheric temperature gradient that is related to the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon are examined in an intermediate atmospheric model coupled with a mixed-layer ocean and a simple land surface model with an idealized Afro–Eurasian continent and no physical topography. These include processes involving in the influence of the Eurasian continent, thermal effects of the Tibetan Plateau and effects of sea surface temperature. The mechanical effect on the large-scale flow induced by the Plateau is not included in this study. The idealized land–sea geometry without topography induces a positive meridional tropospheric temperature gradient thus a weak Asian summer monsoon circulation. Higher prescribed heating and weaker surface albedo over Eurasia and the Tibetan Plateau, which mimic effects of different land surface processes and the thermal effect of the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, strengthens the meridional temperature gradient, and so as cold tropical SST anomalies. The strengthened meridional temperature gradient enhances the Asian summer monsoon circulation and favors the strong convection. The corresponding monsoon rainbelt extends northward and northeastward and creates variations of the monsoon rainfall anomalies in different subregions. The surface albedo over the Tibetan Plateau has a relatively weak inverse relation with the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon. The longitudinal gradient of ENSO-like SST anomalies induces a more complicated pattern of the tropospheric temperature anomalies. First, the positive (negative) longitudinal gradient induced by the El Niño (La Niña)-like SST anomalies weakens (strengthens) the Walker circulation and the circulation between South Asia and northern Africa and therefore the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon, while the corresponding monsoon rainbelt extends northward (southward). The El Niño (La Niña)-like SST anomalies also induces colder (warmer) tropospheric temperature over Eurasia and warmer (colder) tropospheric temperature over the Indian Ocean. The associated negative (positive) meridional gradient of the tropospheric temperature anomalies is consistent with the existence of the weak (strong) Asian summer monsoon. 相似文献
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This study explores the time-lagged impact of the spring sensible heat (SH) source over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on the summer rainfall anomaly in East China using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Numerical experiments for 2003 indicate that a spring SH anomaly over the TP can maintain its impact until summer and lead to a strong atmospheric heat source, characterized both by the enhanced SH over the western TP and enhanced latent heat of condensation to the east. Wave activity diagnosis reveals that the enhanced TP heating forces a Rossby wave train over the downstream regions. A cyclonic response over the northeast TP brings about a low-level northerly anomaly over northern China, while an anticyclonic response over the western Pacific enhances the subtropical high and the low-level southerly on its western flank. As a result, cold and dry airflow from mid-high latitudes, and warm and wet airflow from tropical oceans converge around the Huaihe River basin. In addition, warm advection originating from the TP induces vigorous ascending motion over the convergence belt. Under these favorable circulation conditions the eastward-propagating vortexes initiated over the TP intensify the torrential rainfall processes over the Huaihe River basin. In contrast, additional experiments considering the year 2001 with weak spring SH over the TP and an overall southward retreat of the summer rainfall belt in East China further demonstrate the role of spring SH over the TP in regulating the interannual variability of EASM in terms of wave activity and synoptic disturbances. 相似文献
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沙尘气溶胶直接气候效应对东亚冬季风影响的模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用东亚沙尘复折射指数数据和较新的植被分布对区域气候-沙尘耦合模式(RegCM4-Dust)的沙尘光学特性和沙源区域进行了更新。在此基础上,研究了沙尘气溶胶直接辐射效应对东亚冬季风的影响。模拟结果表明,引入沙尘效应后,东亚大陆绝大部分季风区对流层低层冬季风环流增强。同时,对流层中、上层中低纬度纬向风增强而中高纬度纬向风减弱,导致中高-中低纬度之间纬向风经向切变加强,从而有利于中高纬度冷空气向南侵入,这是低层冬季风环流增强在中上层的反映。另外,沙尘气溶胶导致东亚绝大部分季风区降水明显减少,东北地区西南部、华北大部、黄土高原、黄淮以及长江中下游流域减少达10%以上,这是降水对冬季风增强的响应。沙尘气溶胶引起冬季东亚次大陆-西北太平洋之间温度梯度增大,进而导致海陆间湿静力能梯度增大,是导致东亚大陆冬季风增强的主要原因。 相似文献
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对比强厄尔尼诺次年2016年和1998年长江中下游梅雨季风环流异同点,并探讨其物理机制,结果表明:（1）2016年梅雨集中期和1998年两段梅雨期季风环流有诸多相似特征:西北太平洋副热带高压（副高）偏强偏西、南亚高压偏强偏东、孟加拉湾到南海西南季风偏弱;此外,华北东部到江淮均有冷槽维持;副高持续稳定地将西南季风引导至长江中下游形成强西南暖湿气流,并与来自冷槽的北方南下干冷空气辐合,在高层辐散形势配合下形成强降雨。（2）三段梅雨期,青藏高原附近均为高压脊控制,受暖平流及高原热源、梅雨凝结潜热等因素影响,青藏高原到江南、华南一带大气中高层呈大范围强温度正距平;印度尼西亚群岛附近洋面为海温正距平,对流和热源偏强;这是季风环流相似特征形成的两个重要因素。（3）2016年梅雨集中期,青藏高原暖脊最强,东部冷槽最浅,海温正距平范围最大最北,因而南亚高压和副高位置最北,梅雨雨带也最北;梅雨集中期的结束与冷空气减弱以及台湾以东洋面等海域海温正距平显著增强引起超强台风“尼伯特”登陆有关;7月第4候之后,菲律宾以东洋面、南海及东海海域海温正距平增强,对流活跃,导致7月21日之后副高显著偏北;因而没能出现第2段梅雨集中期。（4）1998年7月中旬至8月初,青藏高原上空高压脊较浅,北部呈位势高度负距平,冷空气势力较强,温度偏低,东部冷槽深,西北太平洋海温正距平区域维持不变,故南亚高压和副高异常偏南,从而出现第2段梅雨。 相似文献
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Sensitivity of East Asian climate to the progressive uplift and expansion of the Tibetan Plateau under the mid-Pliocene boundary conditions 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A global atmospheric general circulation model has been used to perform eleven idealized numerical experiments, i.e., TP10, TP10, .., TP100, corresponding to different percentages of the Tibetan Plateau altitude. The aim is to explore the sensitivity of East Asian climate to the uplift and expansion of the Tibetan Plateau under the reconstructed boundary conditions for the mid-Pliocene about 3 Ma ago. When the plateau is progressively uplifted, global annual surface temperature is gradually declined and statistically significant cooling signals emerge only in the Northern Hemisphere, especially over and around the Tibetan Plateau, with larger magnitudes over land than over the oceans. On the contrary, annual surface temperature rises notably over Central Asia and most parts of Africa, as well as over northeasternmost Eurasia in the experiments TP60 to TP100. Meanwhile, the plateau uplift also leads to annual precipitation augmentation over the Tibetan Plateau but a reduction in northern Asia, the Indian Peninsula, much of Central Asia, parts of western Asia and the southern portions of northeastern Europe. Additionally, it is found that an East Asian summer monsoon system similar to that of the present initially exists in the TP60 and is gradually intensified with the continued plateau uplift. At 850 hPa the plateau uplift induces an anomalous cyclonic circulation around the Tibetan Plateau in summertime and two anomalous westerly currents respectively located to the south and north of the Tibetan Plateau in wintertime. In the mid-troposphere, similarto-modern spatial pattern of summertime western North Pacific subtropical high is only exhibited in the experiments TP60 to TP100, and the East Asian trough is steadily deepened in response to the progressive uplift and expansion of the Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
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Through an agglomerative hierarchical clustering method, cold surges over East Asia are classified into two distinct types based on the spatial pattern of the geopotential height anomalies at 300 hPa. One is the wave-train type that is associated with developing large-scale waves across the Eurasian continent. The other is the blocking type whose occurrence accompanies subarctic blocking. During the wave-train cold surge, growing baroclinic waves induce a southeastward expansion of the Siberian High and strong northerly winds over East Asia. Blocking cold surge, on the other hand, is associated with a southward expansion of the Siberian High and northeasterly winds inherent to a height dipole consisting of the subarctic blocking and the East Asian coastal trough. The blocking cold surge tends to be more intense and last longer compared to the wave-train type. The wave-train cold surge is associated with the formation of a negative upper tropospheric height anomaly southeast of Greenland approximately 12 days before the surge occurrence. Further analysis of isentropic potential vorticity reveals that this height anomaly could originate from the lower stratosphere over the North Atlantic. Cold surge of the blocking type occurs with an amplifying positive geopotential and a negative potential vorticity anomaly over the Arctic and the northern Eurasia in stratosphere. These anomalies resemble the stratospheric signature of a negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation. This stratospheric feature is further demonstrated by the observation that the blocking type cold surge occurs more often when the Arctic Oscillation is in its negative phase. 相似文献