共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
<正>认识历史时期的气候变化规律是理解现在气候变化以及预估未来气候变化的基础。随着20世纪以来人类活动对气候变化的影响不断增强,古气候研究所提供的长时间尺度上由自然变化驱动的气候变率信息对准确认识现代气候变化更为重要。代用资料是古气候研究的重要手段,包括岩石、沉积物、冰芯、树轮、珊瑚、贝壳或微化石等。通过对代用资料的分析可以推断不同气候区在历史时期的气候波动和气候系统变化。随着大气物理学理论的不断发展、古气候学研究方法的不断改进及代用资 相似文献
2.
解放以后,社会主义经济建设的迅速发展,大大推动了气候学的研究。气候是许多建设事业中必须考虑的自然因子之一,各个生产部门对于气候资料、图集和气候学研究的需要,随着经济建设的发展,愈来愈普遍。但是旧中国所遗留下来的一些旧气候资料、图集和气候学的研究著作,已经远远不能满足当前的需要了。因此,在解放后的最初几年,对于整理气候资料和编绘新的气候图集投入了相当大的力量。同时在新的气候资料的基础上,进行了多种方面的气候学问题的研究。最近十年来我国气候学研究有两个特点,一 相似文献
3.
4.
我们应当努力用统计学理论,使统计气候学发展为气候学的主要理论基础,因为统计气候学在气候数值化过程中所起的重要作用最为重要。气候学和天气学的数值化理论与方法有根本性的差异。短期的天气变化可主要依据确定性动力方程对高层天气变化进行数值模拟,而气候变化的数值模拟应主要依据随机动力模式为宜,因为气候变量是随机变量。在气候应用方面只有地面气候变化规律最为重要,而且长期（逐年、逐月、甚或逐日）气候时空各种变化特征、分型分类以及分区长期预报,也正是统计气候学研究的任务,所以气候学数值化的任务应以统计气候学为主… 相似文献
5.
近几年来,世界各国都十分关注古气候学的问题,因为过去的气候变化资料对预测未来的气候具有十分重要的意义．利用中国古代的文献资料,重建我国五千年来气候变迁的历史,是竺可桢先生开创的．文焕然和文榕生合著的由科学出版社出版的《中国历史时期冬半年气候冷暖变迁》... 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
9.
美国应用气候学研究与应用现状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
曾晓梅 《气象科技合作动态》2006,(1):26-28
对于大多数国家来说，气候资料与气候信息的应用在大气科学领域中对国民经济发展贡献最大。近年来实用天气预报的发展引人注目，但也未超过应用气候方面的进展。科学与技术的进步、社会的不断变化，将应用气候学推向黄金时代。应用气候学的黄金时代已经到来。 相似文献
10.
随着遥感技术的迅速发展和遥感信息时间序列的增长，提出了一个新的概念──遥感气候学。遥感气候学不同于以往的气候学，它的资料源自雷达或卫星，而不是常规气象台站的观测。通过初步讨论遥感气候学的研究方法和范围问题，给出了遥感气候学的某些研究成果。 相似文献
11.
对有关气候变化的观测事实和可能原因的研究做了简要回顾和总结，对21世纪人类活动和自然因子对气候系统的可能影响做了扼要讨论。近20余年全球气候变化科学有明显的进步，但要对21世纪气候趋势做出可靠预测，还需要在过去气候演化历史和成因、全球碳循环、气候系统模式与模拟、土地利用和土地覆盖变化的影响以及气候系统的稳定性等方面开展深入研究，以便进一步减少科学上的不确定性。 相似文献
12.
由于分布广泛、分辨率高、定年准确和气候敏感性好等原因,树木年轮在重建过去区域、半球甚至全球气候环境变化中扮演着重要角色。天山地处中亚干旱区,气候变化波动大,对全球变化响应敏感,植物生长的干旱胁迫作用强烈,天山山区分布有大量雪岭云杉和西伯利亚落叶松等长龄且对气候敏感的针叶树种,因此天山山区是树轮气候研究的理想区域。天山山区树轮气候研究始于20世纪70年代,尤其是近10 a有了长足的进步,有关天山山区树轮气候研究已经在国际上有一定影响。本文通过综述国内外对天山山区树轮气候研究的现状和进展,总结了近200 a基于树轮资料的天山山区较为一致的气候变化规律,并为进一步开展天山山区树轮气候研究提出建议。天山山区未来树木年轮气候学研究应在开展大量不同区域树木年轮气候学重建基础上,尝试理解树木径向生长对气候的响应机理研究,同时选用不同数理方法和多树木年轮指标进行长时间尺度和大空间范围重建工作,并讨论中亚干旱区过去千年气候变化的影响机制。 相似文献
13.
Climate change is a global phenomenon, and its outcomes affect societies around the world. So far, however, studies on media representations of climate change have mostly concentrated on Western societies. This paper goes beyond this limited geographical scope by presenting a comparative analysis of issue attention in 27 countries. The sample includes, among others, countries that have committed themselves to greenhouse gas emission reductions under the Kyoto Protocol such as Germany as well as countries that are strongly affected by the consequences of climate change like India. In a first step, it describes the development of media attention for climate change in these countries from 1996 to 2010. Second, it compares the amount of media attention and explores whether it corresponds with indicators measuring the relevance of climate change and climate policies for a country. The analyses show that climate change coverage has increased in all countries. Still, overall media attention levels, as well as the extent of growth over time, differ strongly between countries. Media attention is especially high in carbon dependent countries with commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. 相似文献
14.
近年来，我国政府和科技界十分关注气候王馥棠变暖对我国经济发展可能影响的评估, 开展了许多重大项目和课题的研究。该文仅就气候变暖对我国自然植被、农业、森林、水资源、能源利用和区域海平面上升等领域影响评估研究的若干有意义的初步结果简要归纳和评述如下:取自不同GCM模型的未来气候变化情景下的影响评估模拟表明，我国的特征性自然植被类型将会发生明显的变化。同当前气候（1951~1980年）下的模拟分布相比，到2050年我国几乎所有地方的农业种植制度均将发生较大变化；气候变暖将导致复种指数增加和种植方式多样化，但降水与蒸散之间可能出现的负平衡和土壤水分胁迫的增加以及生育期的可能缩短，最终将导致我国主要作物的产量下降。气候变暖对我国水资源最明显的影响将会发生在黄淮海流域，这个区域的水资源供需短缺将大大提高。同时，气候变暖将改变我国室内取暖和降温的能源需求关系:北方冬季取暖的能源消耗将减少, 而南方夏季降温的能源消耗将会增加。海平面的上升将使我国三个主要沿海低洼脆弱区，即珠江三角洲、长江三角洲和黄河三角洲，面临部分遭受海水淹没的威胁。 相似文献
15.
气候变化的历史记录和可能原因—IPCC 1995第一工作组报告评述 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
{{@ convertAbstractHtml(article.abstractinfoCn, "cn")}}
{{if article.graphicalAbstractinfoCn && article.graphicalAbstractinfoCn != ""}}{{@ article.graphicalAbstractinfoCn}}{{/if}} 相似文献
16.
Substantial progress has been made over the past three decades since the Monsoon Experiments(MONEX) of 1978–79. Here, we review these achievements by highlighting four breakthroughs in monsoon research:(1) The identification of the coupled ocean–land–atmosphere nature of the monsoon in the process of the annual cycle of solar heating;(2) new understanding of the changes in the driving forces of monsoon systems, with anthropogenic factors(climate effects of increased greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions) playing an important role in the regulation of monsoons;(3) detection of the interdecadal- and centennial-scale variability of monsoon systems, and its attribution to the combined impact of global warming and natural(especially oceanic) effects; and(4) the emerging concept of the global monsoon and its long-term variation under the impact of global climate change. All the observational and model-derived evidence demonstrates that the monsoon system, as an important component of the global climate system, has already changed and will continue to change in the future. This picture of an evolving monsoon system poses great challenges for near-term prediction and long-term projection. 相似文献
17.
中国的气候变化与全球变化有相当的一致性，但也存在明显差别。在全球变暖背景下，近100 a来中国年平均地表气温明显增加，升温幅度比同期全球平均值略高。近100 a和近50 a的降水量变化趋势不明显，但1956年以来出现了微弱增加的趋势。近50 a来中国主要极端天气气候事件的频率和强度也出现了明显的变化。研究表明，中国的CO2年排放量呈不断增加趋势，温室气体正辐射强迫的总和是造成气候变暖的主要原因。对21世纪气候变化趋势做出的预测表明：未来20～100 a，中国地表气温增加明显，降水量也呈增加趋势。 相似文献
18.
Saleemul Huq Hannah Reid Mama Konate Atiq Rahman Youba Sokona Florence Crick 《Climate Policy》2013,13(1):25-43
Abstract The Least Developed Countries (LDCs) are a group of 49 of the world's poorest countries. They have contributed least to the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) but they are most vulnerable to the effects of climate change. This is due to their location in some of the most vulnerable regions of the world and their low capacities to adapt to these changes. Adaptation to climate change has become an important policy priority in the international negotiations on climate change in recent years. However, it has yet to become a major policy issue within developing countries, especially the LDCs. This article focuses on two LDCs, namely Bangladesh and Mali, where progress has been made regarding identifying potential adaptation options. For example, Bangladesh already has effective disaster response systems, and strategies to deal with reduced freshwater availability, and Mali has a well-developed programme for providing agro-hydro-meteorological assistance to communities in times of drought. However, much remains to be done in terms of mainstreaming adaptation to climate change within the national policymaking processes of these countries. Policymakers need targeting and, to facilitate this, scientific research must be translated into appropriate language and timescales. 相似文献
19.
Dividing climate change: global warming in the Indian mass media 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Simon Billett 《Climatic change》2010,99(1-2):1-16
Much research has now been conducted into the representation of climate change in the media. Specifically, the communication of climate change from scientists and policy-makers to the public via the mass media has been a subject of major interest because of its implications for creating national variation in public understanding of a global environmental issue. However, to date, no study has assessed the situation in India. As one of the major emerging economies, and so one of the major greenhouse gas emitters, India is a key actor in the climate change story. This study analyses the four major, national circulation English-language newspapers to quantify and qualify the frames through which climate change is represented in India. The results strongly contrast with previous studies from developed countries; by framing climate change along a ‘risk-responsibility divide’, the Indian national press set up a strongly nationalistic position on climate change that divides the issue along both developmental and postcolonial lines. 相似文献
20.
《Climate Policy》2013,13(2-3):211-230
Abstract In this paper we argue that the discussion on how to get to an equitable global climate change regime requires a long-term context. Some key dimensions of this discussion are responsibility, capability and development needs. Each of these, separately or in combination, has been used in designing schemes for differentiation of commitments to limit or reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Many implementation problems of these proposals are often side-stepped. In particular, some proposals may be incompatible with Article 2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), i.e. they are unlikely to keep the option open of long-term stabilisation of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations at relatively low levels. We present some evidence that shifting the emphasis from emission reduction to sustainable development needs can contribute significantly to relieving the threat of human-induced climate change. 相似文献