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1.
2006年春季一次引起华北地区强沉降的沙尘暴过程的模拟研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
2006年春季是我国北方地区2000年以来强沙尘暴过程最多的一年,浮尘和扬沙天气更是频繁发生.尽管,4月16～17日过程不是2006年春季最强的沙尘暴过程,但其在华北地区引起了严重的沉降,尤其对京津地区影响较大.这是一次由蒙古气旋引发的强沙尘暴过程.利用沙尘天气预测系统(IAPS 2.0)对该次强沙尘暴过程进行了模拟试验,结果表明:该系统对沙尘天气的起沙和输送过程有较好的模拟能力,基本模拟出了这次强沙尘暴的发生和移动;沙尘受对流层中低层偏西风的作用输送到华北地区,并从山东半岛越过渤海湾向东输送;主要的沙尘源地是蒙古国南部和我国西北的内蒙古、新疆西部、甘肃、陕西北部,而起尘最大的地区在蒙古国和内蒙古的沙漠、戈壁地区;沉降最严重的地区是沙尘源区及其附近,可达到50 g*m-2,其他地区的总沉降量在10 g*m-2左右. 相似文献
2.
沙尘传输路径上气溶胶浓度与干沉降通量的粒径分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2002年春季中国北京、青岛和日本福冈3个地区的分级气溶胶浓度资料,结合改进的Wil-liams模型,分析了沙尘传输路径上空气动力学直径≤11μm气溶胶(PM11)浓度和干沉降通量的粒径分布特征,并估算了黄海海域春季PM11的干沉降通量及不同粒径气溶胶的贡献。结果表明:3个地区PM11浓度粒径分布在非沙尘时期呈双峰分布,两个峰值分别出现在细颗粒(<2.1μm)部分和粗颗粒(2.1～11μm)部分;沙尘时期,3个地区PM11浓度粒径分布均趋于单峰分布,峰值位于粗颗粒部分,并且越靠近沙尘源地,这种趋势越明显。较强沙尘天气时期,粗颗粒部分的浓度峰值粒径从沙尘源地附近到黄海西岸、东岸呈降低趋势,但在一般沙尘天气时期,这种现象并不明显。沙尘时期和非沙尘时期,3个地区粗颗粒的干沉降通量均随粒径增加而增大,细颗粒的干沉降通量随粒径的变化不明显。虽然沙尘时期粗颗粒沉降通量较非沙尘时期有明显增加,但粗颗粒对PM11干沉降通量的贡献与非沙尘时期相比,并没有明显的变化。较强沙尘天气时期,3个地区粗颗粒的干沉降通量明显高于一般沙尘天气时期;细颗粒的干沉降通量较一般沙尘天气时期略有增加。黄海海域春季沙尘时期PM11的干沉降通量约为31.70～58.59mg.m-2.d-1,非沙尘时期约为8.33～15.94mg.m-2.d-1。粗颗粒是黄海海域春季PM11干沉降通量的主要贡献者,约占PM11干沉降通量的94.2%以上。 相似文献
3.
沙尘天气过程沙地下垫面沙尘通量的获取与分析研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
利用浑善达克沙地地区2004年春季沙尘暴和微气象学加强观测实验资料,计算了浑善达克沙地地区不同沙尘天气条件下湍流交换系数、湍流动量通量和感热通量、沙尘浓度通量;研究了沙尘暴过程中湍流作用、沙尘输送特征及起沙条件。结果显示:浑善达克沙地地区非沙尘天气白天近地层热力湍流作用强于动力湍流,湍流交换以感热交换为主;沙尘天气过程中,近地面层湍流动力作用明显增加,湍流动量和感热交换都对湍流输送有主要贡献,感热通量数值有不同程度的降低。较强沙尘暴天气过程中动力湍流强于热力湍流。随着沙尘天气经历起沙、平衡、沉降的演变过程,沙尘通量数值呈现由正值为主,过渡到向上和向下数值相当、向下数值比例增加。非沙尘天气、扬沙天气和沙尘暴天气过程的沙尘通量值范围分别是±5μg/(m2.s)、±30μg/(m2.s)和-200—300μg/(m2.s)之间。浑善达克沙地地区,非沙尘天气也存在一定量的沙尘输送,但数值较小。浑善达克沙地地区沙尘通量与摩擦速度的三次方成正比,为F=Cu3*。临界起沙风速和临界摩擦速度分别约为6m/s和0.4m/s。 相似文献
4.
基于1999—2019年地面气象观测资料，对东亚主要沙尘源地（蒙古国、中国新疆和内蒙古）及中国沙源地下游地区的沙尘天气频数演变特征进行了分析，结果表明：蒙古国是沙尘天气发生最严重的地区，且有明显增加的趋势，扬沙、沙尘暴和强沙尘暴均远高于其他区域。中国整体沙尘天气数量显著减少，新疆快速增多，内蒙古和下游地区明显减少。新疆浮尘发生频次最高，近21 a线性倾向呈明显上升趋势；内蒙古扬沙频次最高，强沙尘暴最少，4类天气均呈逐年减少趋势；我国下游地区多发浮尘和扬沙，沙尘暴和强沙尘暴发生次数很少，全部沙尘天气呈减少趋势。1999—2004年为我国沙尘天气高发期， 2005—2019年明显减少，其中2010—2014年减少速度最快。沙尘源地对我国沙尘天气总数的贡献持续增大，从2000年初的39%增长到2015年之后的71%。作为沙尘源地，蒙古国对沙尘天气产生的作用有所增强，而内蒙古则在减弱；国内沙尘源地导致的能够影响并扩展至中国下游地区和下游国家的强沙尘天气显著减少。 相似文献
5.
2006年两次影响北京的沙尘天气对比分析 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
利用卫星、再分析(NECP)、地面观测等多种资料,针对2006年3和4月影响北京的两次沙尘天气过程,就天气过程形势、云系演变以及沙尘传播和沉降进行分析.前者对北京上空的沙尘天气一扫而过,后者对北京的影响则是遍地黄沙.对比分析表明:1)强沙尘天气过程是蒙古气旋所引起的,沙尘天气起源于中蒙边境、内蒙古西部,在河套地区北部鄂尔多斯高原以及浑善达克沙地得到加强,并随着高空西北风将沙尘输送到华北、渤海、黄海北部一带.卫星遥感监测技术不仅可以有效地监测到沙尘天气的发展演变过程,也能有效地监测到沙尘的覆盖范围和沉降区;2)导致4月16～17日华北东部严重沙尘沉降现象的原因是地面冷锋静止于华北中部地区,距地面1 km以上的浮尘层稳定覆盖华北东部和渤海等广大区域的主要原因,是边界层中尺度涡旋对低空冷锋的阻挡作用;冷锋云系在东移发展过程中,受到日本海上空涡旋云系的顶推阻碍,其结构发生变型瓦解. 相似文献
6.
内蒙古科尔沁沙地起沙近地层动力学阈值的试验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用内蒙古科尔沁沙地沙尘暴探测与监测试验站2008年和2009年春季沙尘和近地层观测资料,研究了不同沙尘天气条件下沙尘浓度随摩擦速度的变化规律,对比分析了不同天气(晴天、扬沙、沙尘暴和强沙尘暴)入射短波辐射和净辐射的演变,并利用两层高度沙尘浓度差,区分局地起沙和非局地起沙,有效地避免了沙尘水平输送引起的起沙阈值的低估。结果表明,起沙前,摩擦速度和沙尘浓度数值都较低;临近起沙阶段,摩擦速度迅速增大而沙尘浓度基本保持不变;起沙时,摩擦速度数值较高,沙尘浓度迅速增大;沙尘天气减弱阶段,沙尘浓度随摩擦速度近似呈线性减小。科尔沁沙地春季临界起沙摩擦速度u*t和临界起沙风速ut分别为0.62m.s-1和9.5m.s-1,扬沙、沙尘暴和强沙尘暴天气的起沙阈值依次略有增加。与晴天天气相比,沙尘天气到达地面的短波辐射和净辐射明显减少。 相似文献
7.
北京地区沙尘天气的某些特征分析 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：18
利用近几年来气象卫星对沙尘天气的监测结果,分析了影响北京地区沙尘天气的一些特征,得到以下结果:(1)影响北京地区沙尘的源地可分为3类:第1类沙尘起源于蒙古国南部地区,第2类沙尘起源于我国内蒙古地区,第3类沙尘起源于北京本地.(2)影响北京地区的沙尘路径大致有3条:第1条路径,蒙古国南部-内蒙古浑善达克沙地-河北省西北部-北京地区;第2条路径,蒙古国南部-内蒙古朱日和一带-河北省西部-北京地区;第3条路径,山西高原-河北-北京地区.(3)沙尘在移动过程中,强度是不断变化的.(4)大气环流是制约沙尘天气的直接原因. 相似文献
8.
北京沙尘天气的变化特征及其沙尘源地分析 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：9
通过对北京市沙尘天气的变化特征、出现沙尘天气的天气形势、移动路径、关键区域和地表特征的分析,以及与降水量的相关分析,研究了北京市沙尘天气的变化趋势及其沙尘源地的基本特征。结果表明,近56年来,北京市浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴等天气现象均呈现出不规则的波动减少的变化态势;进入北京的冷空气和沙尘主要有偏西、西北和偏北三条移动路径;蒙古气旋加冷锋是北京产生沙尘天气的最主要天气系统;影响北京的沙尘质点主要来源于我国内蒙古以及中蒙边境地区;从地表特征来看,北京市周边地区存在着大片的沙尘来源地。沙尘天气与降水量的相关分析表明,沙尘源区的春季降水对当年北京市三种沙尘天气的影响突出,而本地的降水更多的是仅仅影响当年的沙尘暴天气。要缓解北京市的沙尘天气灾害,除了在北京市及其周边地区植树造林、建立生态屏障外,还要加强对沙尘源地的监测与管理,坚持以草定畜、适度放牧,严防植被破坏,同时要及时预报沙尘天气的影响范围和持续时间,把危害降到最低程度。 相似文献
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浑善达克沙地沙尘气溶胶的粒谱特征 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：20
浑善达克沙地是我国主要沙尘气溶胶源地之一,但对其沙尘气溶胶特征一直缺乏研究.2001年4月末到5月初,在内蒙古浑善达克沙地利用PMS Fssp-100型激光粒谱仪进行了大气气溶胶的外场观测,取得了晴天、扬沙和沙尘暴天气条件下沙尘粒子的数浓度采样资料,通过统计分析研究,总结出浑善达克沙地在不同天气条件下近地面沙尘气溶胶的粒谱分布规律.所得统计结果表明了与其他源地沙尘气溶胶的共同点、差异之处及其原因.这一结果也为沙尘气溶胶辐射气候效应的数值模拟提供了新的实测依据. 相似文献
10.
青岛大气气溶胶的浓度分布和干沉降的观测研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
根据青岛沙尘天气历史资料和近年来的青岛地面气溶胶观测资料,分析了青岛沙尘日数的长期变化趋势、季节变化特征以及气溶胶质量浓度、谱分布和干沉降的季节变化.分析结果表明,1961～1988年青岛沙尘日数呈波动变化,且幅度较大.1999年以来沙尘日数明显增加,且以浮尘天气为主.青岛在1961～2001年扬沙日数年平均值为1.83天,是北京同期的13%;年浮尘日数为2.93天,是北京同期的75%.青岛沙尘发生日数主要集中在冬春季,春季最高,冬季次高;夏季没有沙尘天气,秋季很低.青岛气溶胶质量浓度有明显的季节变化,春季最高,冬季次之,秋季又次之,夏季最低.大流量观测的总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)年平均浓度为177μgm-3,安德森分级采样器观测的气溶胶质量浓度为123μg m-3,两者的差别与不同的观测时间和观测仪器有关.在3月和4月,粗细粒子的浓度相差很大,粗粒子分别占总浓度的80%和62%.青岛气溶胶沉降通量在0.06～0.2 g m-2d-1之间,平均值为0.13 g m-2d-1,是北京沉降通量的30%. 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献