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通过对柳江流域历年25个致洪暴雨过程进行统计分析，发现柳江流域致洪暴雨主要发生于6～7月，20世纪90年代后柳江致洪暴雨的发生频率和强度都有增加的趋势，柳江东北部流域和西部流域是柳江洪水的主要来源地，分析还发现柳江致洪暴雨韵主要影响系统有高空槽（南支槽）、低涡、低层切变线、地面静止锋、低空急流、副热带高压等6种，可分为低槽切变类、低涡切变类和低空急流切变类三种类型。 相似文献
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使用1981～1996年6～8月长江上游19站日降水资料以及同期500hPa、700hPa、850hPa天气图资料，分析了其间长江上游113个暴雨日的主要影响系统。结果表明，按500hPa环流形势划分，可将长江上游大范围致洪暴雨分为北槽南涡类、低涡切变类、河西小槽类等三种类型，其中北槽南涡类和低涡切变类对长江致洪影响极大。同时，以1981～1996年6～8月08时500hPa、700hPa、850hPa资料为初始场，结合日本数值预报产品，归纳出了长江上游未来24小时内大范围暴雨的预报判据。 相似文献
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利用天气学原理和T213提供的物理量场分析了2004-02-20发生在陕西历史上最早的暴雨过程，发现此次暴雨是在新疆分裂冷空气、高原槽、低涡切变和地面倒槽的共同影响形成的，环流形势为“东高西低”和“北槽南涡”．西南低空急流、低涡切变是此次暴雨的直接影响系统，动力结构为高层强辐散和低层强辐合．能量场具有典型的“Ω”中尺度结构，700hPa层SW低空暖湿急流是主要水汽和能量输送系统，暴雨区水汽辐合强烈，暴雨发生在水汽通量的最大梯度处，与夏季暴雨水汽特征相似。 相似文献
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利用常规天气图、物理量场和雷达回波等资料,对2006-06-26三都水族自治县的特大致洪暴雨天气过程进行综合分析.结果表明:此次特大暴雨过程的发生与500 hPa两高切变、中低层(低涡)切变和地面中尺度辐合线的共同作用密切相关.中低层偏南气流维持时间长、西南低空急流的建立和维持、对流层中低层辐合、高层辐散以及喇叭口地形的强化作用为特大暴雨的产生提供了充足的水汽、大量不稳定能量和持久的动力条件. 相似文献
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2007年6月12～13日柳州市特大暴雨过程分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
运用常规天气图、气象卫星资料、新一代天气雷达资料等资料对2007年6月12～13日柳州市的特大暴雨过程进行分析,发现这次大暴雨过程的最主要的影响系统是低层的低涡切变和低空急流.柳州市、柳江县的短时大暴雨、特大暴雨产生时低层切变在附近维持,而切变南侧低空急流加强并向北推进致使低层辐合大大加强.随着急流轴的东移,切变线东移南压,地面弱冷空气补充南下,强降水过程趋于结束. 相似文献
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贵州省2011年5月11日暴雨天气过程分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
该文根据贵州省七要素自动气象站雨量资料、区域自动气象站雨量资料、Micaps常规资料,应用天气学原理和方法对2011年5月10日20时—11日20时（北京时下同）发生在贵州省东南部的区域性暴雨天气过程进行综合分析,期望加深对低空急流与低涡切变共同导致贵州暴雨的认识,丰富这类天气系统配合下的贵州暴雨天气分析个例,为将来建立低空急流与低涡切变配合型贵州暴雨天气模型积累个例档案,为今后此类贵州暴雨预报与服务提供参考。结果表明：西南低空急流、低层切变辐合是形成此次暴雨的直接影响系统。低空急流向暴雨区提供了大量的水汽、能量和垂直上升运动条件,对此次暴雨天气过程的产生起主导作用。暴雨落区位于：六盘水市东部、黔西南州东部及南部,安顺地区南部,黔南州中部及南部,黔东南州大部,此天气系统配置对贵州暴雨落区预报具有指导性。此次区域性暴雨具有明显的MCC特征。 相似文献
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利用MM5非静力模式成功地模拟了1998年8月8－9日一次东北冷涡切变型暴雨过程。发现本次过程中，低涡西北象限的强降水中心的产生是由于高层形成的强辐散，切变降水的产生由于偏南急流与偏东急流的交汇，切变带上升运动层明显低于低涡。同时，通过对比试验发现，偏南急流是本次过程主要水汽输送带。且对切变降水影响较大。偏南急流区水汽的减弱对系统（低涡、切变）的降水强弱有直接影响；西路冷空气加强主要使大气斜压作用增强导致低涡强度及降水增强；东路冷空气主要通过阻挡偏南气流形成抬升从而主要影响切变强度和降水。阻高则通过对上游低值系统的阻挡影响其位置和强度进而影响过程降水。 相似文献
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在对34年华南暖区暴雨的筛选和客观分类研究的基础上,继续深入研究不同类型暖区暴雨的环流特征与对流发生环境变量特征的异同。主要结果如下:大部分切变线型、低涡型和回流型暖区暴雨个例的环境场斜压性较强,其中回流型暖区暴雨在关键区斜压性最强,而南风型暖区暴雨个例的环境场斜压性相对较弱;所有类型暖区暴雨发生时对流层中高层的中纬度基本为平直西风气流控制,降水区主要位于西风带短波槽槽前,低层均有低空急流的影响。各类暖区暴雨的主要差异在于高层南亚高压、中层短波槽和副热带高压的位置和强度差异以及低层低空急流的位置、强度、风向和水汽输送条件的不同。切变线型暖区暴雨发生时0～3 km垂直风切变最强,低涡型暖区暴雨对流有效位能最大,两类南风型暖区暴雨的动力和热力强迫都较弱,对其发生发展机理需要开展更深入研究。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献