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1.
利用1981—2016年的中国160站降水资料、OISST海温资料和NCEP/NCAR大气环流资料,对比分析了中等强度El Nio和2015/2016超强El Nio对中国东南部、江淮流域和西南地区冬春季降水影响的异同。结果表明:在中等强度El Nio的冬季,偏暖的赤道中东太平洋海表面温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)所激发的西北太平洋和日本附近的异常反气旋环流,其异常的西南风会加强南海—西北太平洋的水汽向中国东部输送,造成中国东南部和江淮流域的降水一致偏多。2015/2016超强El Nio的冬季,赤道中东太平洋SST的强度异常偏强,中国东部异常偏冷的表面气温和对流层低层温度加强大陆冷高压,长江流域及其以北地区受异常强的北风控制,从而造成中国东南部降水增多、江淮流域降水减少。在2015/2016超强El Nio事件衰减位相的春季,中国东南部和西南部降水的增加主要归因于异常偏暖的西北印度洋和东南印度洋SST的作用。经CAM5模式试验证明,西北印度洋异常偏暖的SST引起了北印度洋的异常西南风,激发了孟加拉湾—西北太平洋的异常反气旋,加强了印度洋和南海—西北太平洋的水汽向中国西南和东南部输送。此外,东南印度洋异常偏暖的SST还会激发局地异常上升运动,通过经向垂直环流加强南海—西北太平洋异常下沉运动,诱使中国东南部的上升运动加强,导致降水增多。 相似文献
2.
两类ENSO背景下中国东部夏季降水的环流特征及关键系统 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用全国160站逐月降水资料、74项环流指数、HadISST月平均海温资料以及NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,对比分析了两类ENSO事件衰减阶段中国东部夏季降水及相应大气环流的差异,并探讨其可能成因。结果表明:1)EP型El Ni?o(La Ni?a)事件次年夏季,中国东部降水由北至南呈正负正(负正负)的三极型反相分布;CP型El Ni?o(La Ni?a)事件次年夏季,中国东部降水由北至南呈正负(负正)的偶极型反相分布;2)El Ni?o事件次年夏季,西北太平洋副热带高压(以下简称西太副高)及南亚高压均偏强,EP型西太副高偏西、南亚高压偏东,CP型西太副高范围更大、强度更强;La Ni?a事件次年夏季,西太副高及南亚高压强度偏弱,CP型强于EP型但弱于气候平均;3)El Ni?o事件期间西北太平洋上存在异常反气旋,EP型位置偏南,强度更强,持续时间更长,CP型位置偏北,范围更大;La Ni?a事件期间,西北太平洋区域至中国东南部存在异常气旋,EP型异常气旋的强度及范围均不及CP型;4)两类El Ni?o事件期间异常反气旋的差异可能与印度洋海盆增暖及太平洋海温持续性偏冷有关;两类La Ni?a事件期间异常气旋的差异可能由赤道西太平洋海温持续偏暖造成。 相似文献
3.
El Ni?o（厄尔尼诺）事件对东亚和南亚次年夏季降水影响及其机理已经得到充分研究,但其对夏季青藏高原降水是否有显著影响还不清楚。本研究根据1950年后El Ni?o事件次年衰减期演变速度,对比分析衰减早型与晚型El Ni?o事件对南亚季风区与青藏高原夏季（6～9月）季节平均和月平均气候影响差异。结果显示在衰减早型次年夏季热带太平洋海温转为La Ni?a（拉尼娜）型且持续发展,引起Walker环流上升支西移,印度洋和南亚季风区上升运动加强,同时激发异常西北太平洋反气旋（NWPAC）,阿拉伯海异常气旋和伊朗高原异常反气旋性环流响应,增加7～9月对流层偏南气流和印度洋水汽输送,导致南亚和高原西南侧降水偏多。衰减晚型次年6～8月热带太平洋El Ni?o型海温仍维持,印度洋暖异常海温显著,对应的印度洋和南亚季风区上升运动较弱,NWPAC西伸控制南亚季风区,阿拉伯海和中西亚分别呈现异常反气旋和气旋性环流,导致青藏高原西风加强,水汽输送减少,南亚北部和高原降水一致偏少。结果表明:（1）El Ni?o显著影响次年青藏高原西南部夏季季节和月平均降水与温度,是印度和高原西南部夏季降水显著相关的重要原因;（2）El Ni?o衰减快慢速度对南亚和青藏高原西南部夏季季节内降水的影响有着重要差异。 相似文献
4.
2015/2016年发生了超强El Nio事件,Nio3区海温异常在2015/2016年冬季超过了2.5℃,其对全球气候异常的产生具有重大影响。此次El Nio事件可归类为东部型。本文利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、Hadley中心海温资料及CMAP降水资料等,通过诊断分析,揭示了2015/2016年强El Nio事件盛期和衰减期海温异常对澳洲夏季风环流异常和降水变化的影响及其途径。澳洲地区受此次El Nio事件影响,大部分地区降水显著减少,某些地区降水减少达60%~80%。影响途径主要有:1)海温异常通过Gill型响应造成水平环流异常并进而影响澳洲夏季风减弱。2015/2016年ENSO事件成熟期及衰减期,在西太平洋赤道地区出现海温负异常,导致此处热带地区产生了负异常的热源分布,并由此激发产生了位于赤道北侧和南侧的异常反气旋式环流。位于海洋性大陆南侧的异常反气旋性环流引起澳洲夏季风减弱,从而利于抑制上升运动,造成了澳大利亚降水量显著减少;2)通过赤道中东太平洋地区上升和澳洲地区下沉的垂直环流异常导致澳洲降水显著减少。在El Nio事件盛期,因海温异常偏暖导致赤道中东太平洋地区产生显著的异常上升运动,其补偿性的下沉运动因Walker环流而出现在海洋性大陆地区,以及因澳洲大陆夏季风减弱而出现在澳大利亚中东部地区,由此构成了中东太平洋—澳洲副热带的垂直环流圈,此东北—西南向的垂直环流圈对澳洲降水减少的维持起到了重要作用。另外,中国南方的上升运动与海洋性大陆及澳洲地区的下沉运动之间通过局地经圈环流产生了联系,表明东亚冬季风异常减弱对澳洲夏季风减弱可能存在间接影响。这些结果对深刻认识超强ENSO事件对亚澳季风的影响机理以及寻找澳洲降水预测线索具有重要意义。 相似文献
5.
利用1979—2007年NOAA重建海温逐月资料和中国160站夏季降水资料,使用扩展奇异值分解(extended singular value decomposition,ESVD)方法,研究了冬季热带太平洋海温异常与次年夏季中国降水异常季节内演变型之间的关系,指出前冬El Nio事件是与次年夏季中国降水季节内变化相联系的最重要的热带太平洋海温异常模态。相应的降水异常季节内变化情况为:6月在长江以南为正异常,江淮流域有负异常;7月在华南沿海有负降水异常,而正异常北进到长江流域,华北地区也出现正降水异常;8月在长江南北分别为少雨和多雨。进一步研究前冬El Nio事件与次年春夏印度洋、太平洋海温异常、对流层低层风场异常以及副热带高压等的联系,结果表明:El Nio事件发生的次年春夏,热带西太平洋周边存在东负西正的海温异常分布;西太平洋反气旋异常较强;副高在6月、7月偏西偏北,但在8月迅速南退。虽然与El Nio事件相联系的6月与7月、8月的降水型不同,但是西太平洋反气旋异常带来的充沛水汽造成7月长江流域雨季多雨,8月副高迅速南退带来的又一次长江流域降水,造成了El Nio事件发生次年夏季长江流域涝而华南... 相似文献
6.
《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2017,(4)
分析了东部和中部型El Nio发展年海温分布特征及其对中国夏季降水影响的差异。结果表明:(1)东部型El Nio年的海温正距平中心发展快且强度比中部型El Nio年强。(2)两类El Nio发展年,中国夏季降水分布差异最大的是东北和华北地区,呈相反的分布,华南地区只是变化幅度不同,江淮流域降水一致偏少。(3)Walker环流分布的差异是两类El Nio年夏季降水分布差异的重要原因,其位于西太平洋地区下沉支的强弱以及有无上升支的分布,对西太副高和我国水汽的输送有明显影响。(4)500h Pa位势高度场的遥相关波列以及高低层大气的垂直运动也是造成两类El Nio年中国夏季降水分布差异的重要原因。 相似文献
7.
利用中国160站月降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,对比分析了在2009/2010年中部型El Ni?o和1997/1998年东部型El Ni?o背景下,黑潮及其延伸区海温异常对东北地区降水的影响。结果表明：东亚沿岸自南向北异常“反气旋-气旋-反气旋”环流的偏移是导致这两年东北夏季降水不同的关键。2010年这一异常环流型比1998年整体偏东偏北,使得太平洋副热带高压、中纬度西风槽以及东北亚阻塞形势也偏东偏北,造成冷暖空气交汇于东北南部,降水西南多而西北少;1998年异常气旋中心位于松-嫩流域,强烈的辐合上升运动配合偏强的水汽输送,降水表现为区域性增强。观测与数值试验结果表明两类El Ni?o事件中黑潮及其延伸区异常海温的差异是形成东亚沿岸异常环流位置偏移的主要原因：(1) 受2009/2010年中部型El Ni?o的异常下沉气流比1997/1998年偏北的影响,前者异常暖海温位于黑潮延伸区,后者位于黑潮区;(2)2010年夏季黑潮延伸区的异常暖海温通过加强Rossby波活动使得东亚高空西风急流北进东扩至日本以北,1998年黑潮区暖延伸区冷的海温分布使得急流偏南、偏弱,对应急流南北两侧的异常反气旋、气旋也随之偏北,东北亚阻塞随之偏北偏东。 相似文献
8.
利用江淮流域1979—2010年夏季降水资料和海温资料等,研究了不同空间型的El Ni?o对江淮流域夏季降水的影响。结果表明,El Ni?o年江淮流域夏季降水异常为东部偏多西部偏少,El Ni?o Modok年为全区偏少,这与用江淮流域夏季降水和同期热带太平洋海温进行SVD分析的模态几乎一致。对东亚夏季风和环流场的分析结果表明其原因可能为:El Ni?o年东亚夏季风稍偏弱,长江中下游有异常上升运动,我国东北至西北太平洋海盆及江淮流域为负位势高度距平,华南至菲律宾海为正位势高度距平,江淮流域从低层到高层均为气旋性环流异常控制;而El Ni?o Modoki年为强东亚夏季风,且江淮流域有强烈的异常下沉运动,菲律宾、我国南海以及孟加拉湾北部均为显著的负位势高度距平,正距平中心位于日本及我国东海地区,菲律宾海地区及我国江淮流域低层的异常气旋式环流中心比El Ni?o年偏西且强度偏强,高层的异常反气旋环流中心也比El Ni?o年偏西、偏北,同时西太平洋副热带高压位置也较偏北。 相似文献
9.
利用中国站点观测降水资料、国家气候中心第2代月动力延伸预报模式(BCC_DERF2.0)的回报和预报数据、NCEP/NACR再分析资料和国家气候中心实时发布的月尺度降水预测评分数据,通过评估和诊断分析发现,在2015/2016年超强El Nio事件背景下,这两年内业务发布的月降水预报能力有明显不同,BCC_DERF2.0对月环流的预测技巧也存在差异:在2015年(El Nio发展位相),降水预报和环流预测技巧较高且稳定,而在2016年(El Nio衰减位相)的预报技巧总体偏低。进一步的研究显示,亚洲—太平洋涛动(Asia-Pacific Oscillation,APO)可能是导致2015年和2016年夏季预测技巧高低的重要影响因素。2015(2016)年夏季为APO低(高)指数年,且2016年具有高指数年的典型环流特征。而APO高指数对应的环流特征与El Nio衰减位相对西北太平洋环流的影响不同,在El Nio和APO的物理影响途径不一致时,将直接影响东亚环流可预报性的高低及动力气候模式的预报技巧,即El Nio在发展和衰减位相与APO型不同组合的影响是2015和2016年月预测技巧有差异的重要原因。 相似文献
10.
《青海气象》2017,(4)
采用1951—2012年我国160站降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及NOAA提供的海表温度、Nio3.4指数等资料,运用EOF分析方法和合成分析等方法分析了两类El Nio(传统El Nio和El Nio Modoki)对我国东部春季降水的影响。结果表明:传统的El Nio和第二类厄尔尼诺El Nio Modoki对我国华南地区广东一带春季降水影响较大,传统厄尔尼诺年(第二类厄尔尼诺年)广东地区降水偏多(少)。它们的影响机制与菲律宾反气旋、西太平洋副热带高压位置的偏移有关,传统厄尔尼诺年(第二类厄尔尼诺年)副热带高压位置偏南(北),华南地区对流增大(小),降水偏多(少)。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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18.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献