共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
大气红外吸收带重迭及其处理方法对长波辐射计算的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文详细地讨论了H_2O,CO_2,O_3,N_2O以及CH_4这五种大气主要红外活性气体的红外吸收带的重迭及其处理方法对长波冷却率及通量计算的影响.结果表明:气体吸收带的重迭对大气红外冷却率具有重要的作用;但在一定的误差范围内,不仅某些气体吸收带的重迭效应很小,可以忽略不计,而且某些重迭光谱区域对整个红外冷却率及通量的贡献亦可不予考虑.另外,本文还定性地讨论了处理重迭带的不同方法对红外辐射计算的影响. 相似文献
2.
《气候变化研究进展》2006,2(4):203-203
温室气体(Greenhouse gas,GHG)温室气体是指大气中由自然或人为产生的能够吸收和释放地球表面、大气和云所射出的红外辐射谱段特定波长辐射的气体成分。该特性会导致温室效应。水汽(H2O)、二氧化碳(CO2)、氧化亚氮(N2O)、甲烷(CH4)和臭氧(O3) 相似文献
3.
本文研究了大气中 H_2O、CO_2和 O_3吸收带对因 CO_2增加一倍所引起的辐射收支扰动的重叠影响。这种影响与大气中的各种气体量以及吸收带的强度有关。我们用吸收带的窄谱带表达式研究了与气体含量的变化有关的这种影响。这个谱带表达式能考虑吸收带结构,从而说明吸收气体频谱特征的相关。据发现,H_2O 和 O_3的存在对 CO_2所引起的平流层中太阳辐射和热辐射扰动的影响都是比较小的。然而,在对流层和地面,这种重叠影响似乎是十分重要的,并且改变了 CO_2引起的辐射能量扰动的垂直分布。例如,在红外区,这个影响是减小了 CO_2放射辐射的效率,同时加强由于 CO_2增加所引起的从平流层来的向下热通量在对流层的吸收。各种气体的重叠吸收的净效果是使由于 CO_2增加而引起的对流层的加热变大和使引起的地面加热减小。我们也发现,由于大气中 H_2O的变化,重叠吸收影响有很强的季节和纬度变化。 相似文献
4.
半干旱草原温室气体排放/吸收与环境因子的关系研究 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
静态箱一气相色谱法对内蒙古半干旱草原连续两年的实验观测研究结果表明,内蒙古草原是大气CO2和N2O的排放源,而是CH4的汇.在植物生长不同季节,草原生态系统排放/吸收温室气体CO2,CH4和N2O的日变化形式各有不同,其中在植物生长旺季日变化形式最具特征.3种温室气体的季节排放/吸收高峰主要出现在土壤湿度较大的春融和降雨较为集中时期.所有草原植物生长季节CO2净排放日变化形式均为白天出现排放低值,夜间出现排放高值.较高的温度有利于CO2排放,地上生物量决定着光合吸收CO2量值的高低.影响半干旱草原吸收CH4和排放N2O日变化形式的关键是土壤含水量和供氧状况,日温变化则主要影响日变化强度.吸收CH4和排放N2O的季节变化与土壤湿度季节变化分别呈线性反、正相关,相关系数均在0.4～0.6之间.自由放牧使CO2、N2O和CH4交换速率日较差降低,同时使N2O和CH4年度排放/吸收量减少和CO2年度排放量增加. 相似文献
5.
利用红外辐射光谱反演大气CO2浓度的理论研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
依据最新的大气分子光谱数据集(HITRAN 2004),利用逐线积分辐射传输模式,模拟计算了大气顶射出红外辐射光谱及其对大气CO2浓度变化的灵敏度,发现:大气CO2 4.3 μm吸收带,特别是2 2412 249 cm-1、2 2502 258 cm-1、2 2592 267 cm-1和2 3822 390 cm-1波段射出的红外辐射,随CO2浓度的增加而显著降低,且很少受其他大气成分变化干扰,因此特别适于用来遥感探测大气CO2浓度的变化.根据最优非线性反演方法,反演获得了015 km的大气CO2廓线,结果表明,利用上述4个通道的红外辐射值,可精确反演出自由对流层的CO2浓度变化. 相似文献
6.
依据最新的大气分子光谱数据集(HITRAN 2004),利用逐线积分辐射传输模式,模拟计算了大气顶射出红外辐射光谱及其对大气CO2浓度变化的灵敏度,发现:大气CO2 4.3 μm吸收带,特别是2 2412 249 cm-1、2 2502 258 cm-1、2 2592 267 cm-1和2 3822 390 cm-1波段射出的红外辐射,随CO2浓度的增加而显著降低,且很少受其他大气成分变化干扰,因此特别适于用来遥感探测大气CO2浓度的变化.根据最优非线性反演方法,反演获得了015 km的大气CO2廓线,结果表明,利用上述4个通道的红外辐射值,可精确反演出自由对流层的CO2浓度变化. 相似文献
7.
半干旱草原温室气体排放/吸收与环境因子的关系研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
静态箱—气相色谱法对内蒙古半干旱草原连续两年的实验观测研究结果表明，内蒙古草原是大气CO2和N2O的排放源，和CH4的汇。在植物生长不同季节，草原生态系统排放／吸收温室气体CO2、CH4和N2O的日变化形式各有不同，其中在植物生长旺季日变化形式最具特征。三种温室气体的季节排放／吸收高峰主要出现在土壤湿度较大的春融期和降雨较为集中时期。对所有草原植物生长季节，CO2净排放日变化形式均为白天出现排放低值，夜间出现排放高值。较高的温度有利于CO2排放，地上生物量决定着光合吸收CO2量值的高低。影响半干旱草原吸收CH4和排放N2O日变化形式的关键是土壤台水量和供氧状况，日温变化则主要影响日变化强度。吸收CH4和排放N2O的季节变化与土壤湿度季节变化分别呈线性反、正相关，相关系数均在0．4-0．6之间。自由放牧使CO2、N2O和CH4交换速率日较差降低，同时使N2O和CH4年度排放／吸收量减少和CO2年度排放量增加。 相似文献
8.
温室气体的种类和特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《气候变化研究进展》2006,2(6):300-300
《京都议定书》附件A给出了人类排放的温室气体主要有6种,即二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)、氧化亚氮(N2O)、氢氟碳化物(HFCs)、全氟化碳(PFCs)、和六氟化硫(SF6)。其中对气候变化影响最大的是CO2。它产生的增温效应占所有温室气体总增温效应的63％,在大气中存留期最长可达200年。这6种主要温室气体的增温效应 相似文献
9.
内蒙古草原温室气体排放日变化规律研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
采用静态值－气相色谱法研究内蒙古草原温室气体N2O、CO2、CH4与大气交换的日变化规律。CO2日排放变化形式基本相同，和大气交换的总结果是向大气排放，影响草原N2O排放日变化形式的关键是土壤含水量和表层土壤理化特性，日温变化主要影响其日变化强度；影响草原CH4日变化形式的关键因子是土壤水分和供氧状况，而温度和植物的生长状况则影响吸收强度，利用内蒙古草原温室气候排放相对固定的日变化形式，可以对相同生产季内每周1次的观测结果进行矫正。 相似文献
10.
文章介绍了一种比较简单实用的地球大气的光谱透过率和到达大气层顶的红外辐射率的计算模型,光谱波长从4 μm到∞ μm,吸收气体H2O、CO2、O3的吸收计算采用Elsasser带模式及其经验参数,H2O的连续吸收公式是美国LOWTRAN-6计算程序的水汽连续吸收经验公式。透过率的计算结果与LOWTRAN计算结果相一致。以这种透过率简化模型为基础,建立了辐射传递正演计算模型,开发了相应软件,并用于卫星遥感射出长波辐射的资料处理中,取得了良好结果。 相似文献
11.
Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions from a rice-wheat rotation as affected by crop residue incorporation and temperature 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Field measurements were made from June 2001 to May 2002 to evaluate the effect of crop residue application and temperature on CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions within an entire rice-wheat rotation season.Rapeseed cake and wheat straw were incorporated into the soil at a rate of 2.25 t hm-2 when the rice crop was transplanted in June 2001. Compared with the control, the incorporation of rapeseed cake enhanced the emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O in the rice-growing season by 12.3%, 252.3%, and 17.5%,respectively, while no further effect was held on the emissions of CO2 and N2O in the following wheatgrowing season. The incorporation of wheat straw enhanced the emissions of CO2 and CH4 by 7.1%and 249.6%, respectively, but reduced the N2O emission by 18.8% in the rice-growing season. Significant reductions of 17.8% for the CO2 and of 12.9% for the N2O emission were observed in the following wheatgrowing season. A positive correlation existed between the emissions of N2O and CO2 (R2 = 0.445, n =73, p ＜ 0.001) from the rice-growing season when N2O was emitted. A trade-off relationship between the emissions of CH4 and N2O was found in the rice-growing season. The CH4 emission was significantly correlated with the CO2 emission for the period from rice transplantation to field drainage, but not for the entire rice-growing season. In addition, air temperature was found to regulate the CO2 emissions from the non-waterlogged period over the entire rice-wheat rotation season and the N2O emissions from the nonwaterlogged period of the rice-growing season, which can be quantitatively described by an exponential function. The temperature coefficient (Q10) was then evaluated to be 2.3±0.2 for the CO2 emission and 3.9±0.4 for the N2O emission, respectively. 相似文献
12.
13.
小麦秸秆还田量对晋南地区裸地土壤—大气间甲烷、二氧化碳、氧化亚氮和一氧化氮交换的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
采用静态暗箱采样—气相色谱/化学发光分析相结合的方法,对晋南地区盐碱地不同小麦秸秆还田量裸地土壤夏、秋季(2008年6～10月)的甲烷(CH4)、二氧化碳(CO2)、氧化亚氮(N2O)和一氧化氮(NO)交换通量进行了原位观测。结果表明:观测期内,秸秆全还田(FS)、秸秆一半还田(HS)和秸秆不还田(NS)处理土壤—大气间CH4、CO2、N2O和NO平均交换通量分别为-0.8±2.7、-1.4±2.3、-6.5±1.8μg(C).m-2.h-1(CH4),267.1±23.1、212.0±17.8、188.5±13.6mg(C).m-2.h-1(CO2),20.7±3.0、16.3±2.3、14.7±1.7μg(N).m-2.h-1(N2O),3.9±0.5、3.4±0.5、3.0±0.4μg(N).m-2.h-1(NO)。交换通量表现出明显的季节变化趋势,灌溉、降雨和温度变化是影响该趋势的主要因素。相对于NS处理,FS和HS处理降低了累积CH4吸收量(66%和59%),增加了累积CO2(42%和12%)、N2O(41%和9%)和NO(30%和13%)排放量,因此,秸秆还田促进了农田土壤总的温室气体排放。计算得到FS和HS处理小麦秸秆的CO2、N2O、NO排放系数分别为73.4%±1.6%和43.3%±1.0%(CO2)、0.37%±0.01%和0.17%±0.00%(N2O)、0.06%±0.00%和0.05%±0.00%(NO),FS处理的排放系数显著高于HS处理,且均低于同一实验地种植玉米、施肥农田的小麦秸秆排放系数(N2O和NO排放系数分别为2.32%和0.42%)。可见,在采用排放因子方法估算还田秸秆CO2、N2O和NO排放量时,应考虑秸秆还田量、农作物种植和施肥因素的影响。 相似文献
14.
There is growing concern that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have been responsible for global warming through their effect on radiation balance and temperature. The magnitude of emissions and the relative importance of different sources vary widely, regionally and locally. The Indus Basin of Pakistan is the food basket of the country and agricultural activities are vulnerable to the effects of global warming due to accelerated emissions of GHGs. Many developments have taken place in the agricultural sector of Pakistan in recent decades in the background of the changing role of the government and the encouragement of the private sector for investment in new ventures. These interventions have considerable GHG emission potential. Unfortunately, no published information is currently available on GHG concentrations in the Indus Basin to assess their magnitude and emission trends. The present study is an attempt to estimate GHG （CO2, CH4 and N2O） emissions arising from different agro-ecosystems of Indus Basin. The GHGs were estimated mostly using the IPCC Guidelines and data from the published literature. The results showed that CH4 emissions were the highest （4.126 Tg yr^-1） followed by N20 （0.265 Tg yr^-1） and CO2 （52.6 Tg yr^-1）. The sources of CH4 are enteric fermentation, rice cultivation and cultivation of other crops. N2O is formed by microbial denitrification of NO3 produced from applied fertilizer-N on cropped soils or by mineralization of native organic matter on fallow soils. CO2 is formed by the burning of plant residue and by soil respiration due to the decomposition of soil organic matter. 相似文献
15.
We used a fully coupled chemistry–climate model(version 3 of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model,WACCM3) to investigate the effect of methane(CH4) emission increases,especially in East Asia and North America,on atmospheric temperature,circulation and ozone(O3). We show that CH4 emission increases strengthen westerly winds in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes,accelerate the Brewer–Dobson(BD) circulation,and cause an increase in the mass flux across the tropopause. However,the BD circulation in the tropics between 10?S and 10?N at 100 h Pa weakens as CH4 emissions increase in East Asia and strengthens when CH4 emissions increase in North America. When CH4 emissions are increased by 50% in East Asia and 15% globally,the stratospheric temperature cools by up to 0.15 K,and the stratospheric O3 increases by 45 ppbv and 60 ppbv,respectively. A 50% increase of CH4 emissions in North America(with an amplitude of stratospheric O3 increases by 60 ppbv) has a greater influence on the stratospheric O3 than the same CH4 emissions increase in East Asia. CH4 emission increases in East Asia and North America reduce the concentration of tropospheric hydroxyl radicals(4% and 2%,respectively) and increase the concentration of mid-tropospheric O3(5% and 4%,respectively) in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. When CH4 emissions increase in East Asia,the increase in the tropospheric O3 concentration is largest in August. When CH4 emissions increase in North America,the increase in the O3 concentration is largest in July in the mid-troposphere,and in April in the upper troposphere. 相似文献
16.
Effect of atmospheric overlapping bands and their treatment on the calculation of thermal radiation 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Shi Guangyu 《大气科学进展》1984,1(2):246-262
The effect of the overlapping band of atmospheric gases and its treatment on the calculation of flux and cooling rate due to the long wave radiation is investigated in detail by a new transmission model for overlapping bands, taking the 15 μm band of CO2 as an example. It is found that the presence of band overlapping has a quite significant influence on radiative fluxes and cooling rates in the upper stratosphere and the troposphere, in particular, at the earth's surface. However, in the middle-lower stratosphere, the overlapping effect appears to be insignificant. It is also shown that the usual wide-band transmission model treating the overlapping effect overestimates the net longwave fluxes in the lower stratosphere and, in particular, in the troposphere including the surface. But, in the middle-upper stratosphere, the contrary is the case. 相似文献
17.