首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Parameterization and mapping of solar radiation in data sparse regions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Knowledge of temporal and spatial variation of solar radiation is essential for many applications. In this work, a simple and feasible procedure is conducted to map the daily solar radiation for Liaoning province, one of the most important agricultural areas in China, but with sparsely measured solar radiation data. The daily sunshine duration are interpolated to the whole area, subsequently, solar radiation are calculated by ?ngstr?m-Prescott model, the generic parameters of which are determined by least square to minimize the overall fitting residual between the ratio of actual to potential sunshine duration and the ratio of actual to extra-terrestrial solar radiation of the sites where solar radiation are available. In other local regions with sparse data, mapping of the solar radiation could be done following the simple procedure. In the present study area, using the interpolated daily sunshine duration data by ANUSPLIN, ?ngstr?m-Prescott model with the generic parameters (a = 0.505, and b = 0.204) returns reasonable results, with the overall RMSE of 2.255 MJ m?2, and RRMSE of 16.54%. The daily solar radiation varies between 5.26 in December and 22.74 MJ m?2 in May, and shows an obviously spatial variation which is mainly contributed to the climate and topography. The substitution of solar radiation from nearby station is preferred to estimation by ?ngstr?m-Prescott model if the distance between the stations falls below the threshold of 135 ± 15 km. The RMSE of such substitution increases by approximately 0.157 MJ m?2 per 10 km.  相似文献   

2.
We have developed a method for estimating hourly global solar radiation (GSR) from hourly sunshine duration data. This procedure requires only hourly sunshine duration as the input data and utilizes hourly precipitation and daily snow cover as auxiliary data to classify time intervals into six cases according to weather conditions. To obtain hourly GSR using a simple algebraic form, a quadratic function of the solar elevation angle and the sunshine duration ratio is used. Daily GSR is given by a sum of hourly GSRs. We evaluated the performance of the newly developed method using data obtained at 67 meteorological stations and found that the estimated GSR is highly consistent with that observed. Hourly and daily root-mean-square misfits are approximately 0.2 MJ/m2/h (~55 W/m2) and 1.4 to 1.5 MJ/m2/day (~16 to 17 W/m2), respectively. Our classification of weather conditions is effective for reducing estimation errors, especially under cloudy skies. Since the sunshine duration is observed at more meteorological stations than GSR, the proposed new method is a powerful tool for obtaining solar radiation with hourly resolution and a dense geographical distribution. One of the proposed methods, GSRgrn, can be applicable to hourly GSR estimations at different observation sites by setting local parameters (the precipitable water, surface albedo, and atmospheric turbidity) suitable to the sites. The hourly GSR can be applied for various micrometeorological studies, such as the heat budget of crop fields.  相似文献   

3.
Solar radiation is an important variable for studies related to solar energy applications, meteorology, climatology, hydrology, and agricultural meteorology. However, solar radiation is not routinely measured at meteorological stations; therefore, it is often required to estimate it using other techniques such as retrieving from satellite data or estimating using other geophysical variables. Over the years, many models have been developed to estimate solar radiation from other geophysical variables such as temperature, rainfall, and sunshine duration. The aim of this study was to evaluate six of these models using data measured at four independent worldwide networks. The dataset included 13 stations from Australia, 25 stations from Germany, 12 stations from Saudi Arabia, and 48 stations from the USA. The models require either sunshine duration hours (Ångstrom) or daily range of air temperature (Bristow and Campbell, Donatelli and Bellocchi, Donatelli and Campbell, Hargreaves, and Hargreaves and Samani) as input. According to the statistical parameters, Ångstrom and Bristow and Campbell indicated a better performance than the other models. The bias and root mean square error for the Ångstrom model were less than 0.25 MJ m2 day?1 and 2.25 MJ m2 day?1, respectively, and the correlation coefficient was always greater than 95 %. Statistical analysis using Student’s t test indicated that the residuals for Ångstrom, Bristow and Campbell, Hargreaves, and Hargreaves and Samani are not statistically significant at the 5 % level. In other words, the estimated values by these models are statistically consistent with the measured data. Overall, given the simplicity and performance, the Ångstrom model is the best choice for estimating solar radiation when sunshine duration measurements are available; otherwise, Bristow and Campbell can be used to estimate solar radiation using daily range of air temperature.  相似文献   

4.

Measurement of solar radiation was initiated in Girona, northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, in the late 1980s. Initially, two pyranometers were installed, one of them equipped with a shadowband for measuring the diffuse component. Two other pyranometers currently exist, both ventilated and one of them shadowed, with a sphere, and a pyrheliometer for measuring direct radiation. Additional instruments for other shortwave and longwave components, clouds, and atmospheric aerosols have been installed in recent years. The station is subject to daily inspection, data are saved at high temporal resolution, and instruments are periodically calibrated, all in accordance with the directions of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network. The present paper describes how the entire series of global solar radiation (1987–2014) and diffuse radiation (1994–2014) were built, including the quality control process. Appropriate corrections to the diffuse component were made when a shadowband was employed to make measurements. Analysis of the series reveals that annual mean global irradiance presents a statistically significant increase of 2.5 W m−2 (1.4 %) decade−1 (1988–2014 period), mainly due to what occurs in summer (5.6 W m−2 decade−1). These results constitute the first assessment of solar radiation trends for the northeastern region of the Iberian Peninsula and are consistent with trends observed in the regional surroundings and also by satellite platforms, in agreement with the global brightening phenomenon. Diffuse radiation has decreased at −1.3 W m−2 (−2 %) decade−1 (1994–2014 period), which is a further indication of the reduced cloudiness and/or aerosol load causing the changes.

  相似文献   

5.
Three simple methods to estimate global solar radiation are proposed in addition to (Solar Energy 63 (1998) 147). All were tested seasonally and at different sky conditions at seven locations in Egypt. The methods use ground-based measurements of maximum and minimum temperature, daily mean of cloud cover and extraterrestrial global radiation. Average of root mean square differences (RMSD) for a comparison between observed and estimated global radiation for all locations tested was around 10% for the new methods and 13% for Supit–Van Kappel method. The coefficient of determination R2 is higher for the new methods for all tested locations. Better results were obtained when applying the new methods to different seasons. The differences in root mean square error (RMSE) between the new methods and Ångstrom–Prescott method that is based on sunshine duration data were less than 1.0 MJ m−2 day−1 at all sites. On the whole, the performance statistics demonstrate that the new methods are better when compared by Ångstrom–Prescott method.  相似文献   

6.
利用东南极高原熊猫-1自动气象站2011年2月—2012年1月观测的辐射资料和相关资料,对辐射分量和辐射平衡的季节变化进行了研究。结果表明,夏季是东南极高原获得太阳能的主要时段,总辐射通量夏季平均为365.0 W/m2,总量达到2752.1 MJ/m2,占全年总辐射量的58%。各个季节均能出现总辐射瞬时值大于大气顶水平总辐射,春季发生频率最高,冬季最小,总辐射平均日变化呈单峰型。大气长波辐射除夏季外,日变化不明显。冰雪面长波辐射除冬季外,各季节平均日变化呈明显的单峰单谷型。净辐射12月和1月为很小的正值,其他月份为负值。年平均净辐射为 -8.7 W/m2,表明地表相对于大气为冷源。该站的辐射平衡特征与其他南极内陆高原站相似,雪面具有强烈的辐射冷却效应,导致净辐射绝对值都小于下降风区。  相似文献   

7.
Measurements of the broadband global solar radiation (R S) and total ultraviolet radiation (the sum of UV-A and UV-B) were conducted from 2005 to 2010 at 9 sites in arid and semi-arid regions of China. These data were used to determine the temporal variability of UV and UV/R S and their dependence on the water vapor content and clearness index. The dependence of UV/R S on aerosol optical depth (AOD) and water vapor content was also investigated. In addition, a simple and efficient empirically model suited for all-weather conditions was developed to estimate UV from R s. The annual average daily UV level in arid and semi-arid areas is 0.61 and 0.59 MJ m?2 d?1, respectively. The highest value (0.66?±?0.25 MJ m?2 d?1) was recorded at an arid area at Linze. The lowest value (0.53?±?0.22 MJ m?2 d?1) was recorded at a semi-arid area at Ansai. The highest daily value of UV radiation was measured in May, whereas the lowest value was measured in December. The monthly variation of the UV/R s ratio ranged from 0.41 in Aksu to 0.35 in Qira. The monthly mean value of UV/R s gradually increased from November and then decreased in August. A small decreasing trend of UV/R s was observed in the arid and semi-arid regions due to recently increasing amounts of fine aerosol. A simple and efficient empirically model suit for all-weather condition was developed to estimate UV from R s. The slope a and intercept b of the regression line between the estimated and measured values were close to 1 and zero, respectively. The relative error between the estimated and measured values was less than 11.5%. Application of the model to data collected from different locations in this region also resulted in reasonable estimates of UV.  相似文献   

8.
山东禹城紫外辐射变化特征及其估测方程的建立   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
刘慧  胡波  王跃思  王式功 《大气科学》2015,39(3):503-512
本文对2005～2011年山东禹城地区观测得到的紫外辐射的时间变化特征及紫外辐射与总辐射比值的变化特征进行了分析, 并结合气温、降水和露点温度资料建立了禹城地区的紫外辐射估测方程。结果表明:紫外辐射日累计值的变化范围为0.10～1.20 MJ m-2 d-1, 年平均值为0.468 MJ m-2 d-1;紫外辐射日、季节变化规律与总辐射一致, 季节变化都表现为冬季小夏季大, 最小值出现在1月, 最大值出现在6月, 日变化则呈现早晚小中午大的特征;紫外辐射与总辐射的比值范围为0.023～0.046, 其季节变化特征也是冬季小夏季大, 该比值随晴空指数的增大而减小, 而在晴空指数大于0.5时比较稳定。利用温度日较差(日最高气温与最低气温的差值)建立了紫外辐射估测方程, 决定系数R2达0.80, 平均相对误差为0.19, 估测紫外线等级与实测紫外线等级相差不大于1的数据占95%, 该方法可以较好地进行紫外辐射等级的估测。  相似文献   

9.
Measurements of broadband global solar and ultraviolet radiation (UV-KZ) by a Kipp & Zonen radiometer from 2005 to 2011 at three sites in the background region over Northeast China were used to investigate the characteristics of the temporal variability of UV-KZ radiation in Northeast China. The highest annual mean daily values of UV-KZ (0.53 MJ m?2 d?1) were observed at Sanjiang and Changbai Mountain. The lowest value (0.49 MJ m?2 d?1) was measured at Hailun due to the high aerosol burden and the long path of solar radiation. The diurnal variation in UV-KZ radiation on four clear days near the equinoxes and solstices exhibited bell-shaped curves, with a maximum at approximately noon. There was little difference in UV-KZ radiation between representative spring and autumn days except that the amount of UV-KZ radiation during the spring was higher than that during the autumn. The relationship between the maximum values of UV-KZ radiation and clearness index can be accurately demonstrated with three polynomial equations. An empirical estimation model suited for all weather conditions was developed using measurements collected at Hailun. The slope of the linear regression between the measured and modeled UV-KZ radiation was approximately 1, the intercept of the linear regression equation was near zero, and the relative error of the equation was less than 8.5 %. These validation results suggest that this model can accurately estimate the UV-KZ radiation based on more conventional measured radiation data. The empirical estimation model can also serve as a valuable method for the study of ecological processes in other regions.  相似文献   

10.
长波区间太阳辐射对气候模拟的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
长波区间的太阳辐射在气候模式中往往被忽略。利用国家气候中心BCC_AGCM2.0.1大气环流模式,采用矩阵算子辐射传输算法,研究了长波区间太阳辐射对气候模式辐射通量和温度模拟结果的影响。结果表明,以ISCCP和CERES辐射资料为标准,考虑长波区间太阳辐射后,长波区间晴空大气地表向下辐射通量平均误差减小2.05 W/m2,均方根误差减少1.29 W/m2;长波区间晴空大气模式顶向上辐射通量平均误差减小0.70 W/m2,均方根误差减小0.21 W/m2;长波区间有云大气地表向下辐射通量平均误差减小1.38 W/m2,均方根误差减小1.03 W/m2;长波区间有云大气模式顶向上辐射通量平均误差减小0.99 W/m2,均方根误差减小0.30 W/m2。以ECMWF再分析资料为标准,考虑长波区间太阳辐射后,赤道地区上对流层—下平流层区域温度的冷偏差得到改善,对流层顶温度平均误差减小0.27 K,均方根误差减小0.25 K。  相似文献   

11.
Long-term,ground-based daily global solar radiation (DGSR) at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica can quantitatively reveal the basic characteristics of Earth’s surface radiation balance and validate satellite data for the Antarctic region.The fixed station was established in 1989,and conventional radiation observations started much later in 2008.In this study,a random forest (RF) model for estimating DGSR is developed using ground meteorological observation data,and a highprecision,long-term DGSR dataset is constructed.Then,the trend of DGSR from 1990 to 2019 at Zhongshan Station,Antarctica is analyzed.The RF model,which performs better than other models,shows a desirable performance of DGSR hindcast estimation with an R~2 of 0.984,root-mean-square error of 1.377 MJ m~(-2),and mean absolute error of 0.828 MJ m~(-2).The trend of DGSR annual anomalies increases during 1990–2004 and then begins to decrease after 2004.Note that the maximum value of annual anomalies occurs during approximately 2004/05 and is mainly related to the days with precipitation (especially those related to good weather during the polar day period) at this station.In addition to clouds and water vapor,bad weather conditions (such as snowfall,which can result in low visibility and then decreased sunshine duration and solar radiation) are the other major factors affecting solar radiation at this station.The high-precision,longterm estimated DGSR dataset enables further study and understanding of the role of Antarctica in global climate change and the interactions between snow,ice,and atmosphere.  相似文献   

12.
We propose a new model to estimate daily global radiation from daily temperature range measurements. This model combines that of Majumdar et al. (Sol Energy 13(4):383–394, 1972) to estimate clear sky radiation with a Gompertz function to estimate the relation between temperature range and cloud transmittance. Model parameters are estimated from historical weather data: maximum and minimum temperatures and, if available, relative humidity; no other calibration is required. The model was parametrized and validated using 788 weather stations in Mexico. When calibrated using historical humidity data, daily global radiation was estimated with a mean root mean square error of 3.06 MJ m?2 day?1. The model performed well in all situations, except for a few stations around the Gulf of Mexico and in mountain areas. When using estimated humidity, the root mean square error of prediction was only slightly degraded (3.07 MJ m?2 day?1). Possible theoretical basis and applicability of this model to other environments are discussed.  相似文献   

13.
Tazhong station, located at the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert in northwest China, experiences frequent dusty weather events during spring and summer seasons (its dusty season) caused by unstable stratified atmosphere, abundant sand source and strong low-level wind. On average, it has 246.2 dusty days each year, of which 16.2 days are classified as sand and dust storm days. To better understand the characteristic of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and factors influencing its variations under such an extreme environment, UV radiation data were collected continuously from 2007 to 2011 at Tazhong station using UVS-AB-T radiometer by Kipp and Zonen. This study documents observational characteristics of the UV radiation variations observed during the five-year period. Monthly UV radiation in this region varied in the range of 14.1–37.8 MJ m?2 and the average annual amount was 320.7 MJ m?2. The highest value of UV radiation occurred in June (62.5 W m?2) while the lowest one in December (29.3 W m?2). It showed a notable diurnal cycle, with peak value at 12:00–13:00 LST. Furthermore, its seasonal variation exhibited some unique features, with averaged UV magnitude showing an order of summer > spring > autumn > winter. The seasonal values were 37.0, 29.1, 24.9 and 15.9 MJ m?2, respectively. In autumn and winter, its daily variations were relatively weak. However, significant daily variations were observed during spring and summer associated with frequent dust weather events occurring in the region. Further analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the UV radiation and solar zenith angle under different weather conditions. Under the same solar zenith angle, UV radiation was higher during clear days while it was lower in sand and dust storm days. Our observations showed that there was a negative correlation between UV radiation and ozone, but such a relationship became absent in dusty days. The UV radiation was reduced by 6 % when cloud amount was 1–4 oktas, by 12 % when the cloud amount was 5–7 oktas, and by 24 % when the cloud amount was greater than 8 oktas. The relative reduction of UV radiation reached 26, 38, and 45 % in dust day, blowing sand day and sand and dust storm day, respectively. The results revealed that decrease in UV radiation can be attributed to cloud coverage and dust aerosols. Moreover, the reduction of UV radiation caused by dust aerosols was about 2–4 times greater than that caused by cloud coverage. These observational results are of value for improving our understanding of processes controlling UV radiation over sand desert and developing methods for its estimation and prediction.  相似文献   

14.
Results of a field experiment on studying solar radiation passing in the visible wavelength range are described with the model aerosol media created in the surface atmosphere. High-efficiency thermocondensation generators were used for creating model aerosol media. The index of refraction and an average size of the aerosol particles formed are close to those characteristic of the natural stratospheric aerosol. The composition and technical characteristics of the equipment complex used in the experiments to control aerosol optical and microphysical parameters and meteorological conditions of the experiment are considered. The Gaussian model of impurity dispersion in the boundary layer is used for the analysis and interpretation of measurement results. It is found that with a number concentration of aerosol particles of ～102–103 cm?3 (which corresponds to the aerosol density in the deposited layer of about 1–10 mg/m2 with the layer thickness along the ray path of about 100 m) the solar radiation attenuation with artificial aerosol layers accounts for 1 to 10%. Model estimates are in satisfactory agreement with the measurement results.  相似文献   

15.
Esmaiel Malek   《Atmospheric Research》2008,88(3-4):367-380
An automated-ventilated radiation station has been set up in a mountainous valley at the Logan Airport in northern Utah, USA, since mid-1995, to evaluate the daily and annual radiation budget components, and develop an algorithm to study cloudiness and its contribution to the daily and annual radiation. This radiation station (composed of pyranometers, pyrgeometers and a net radiometer) provides continuous measurements of downward and upward shortwave, longwave and net radiation throughout the year. The surface temperature and pressure, the 2-m air temperature and humidity, precipitation, and wind at this station were also measured. A heated rain gauge provided precipitation information. Using air temperature and moisture and measured downward longwave (atmospheric) radiation, appropriate formula (among four approaches) was chosen for computation of cloudless-skies atmospheric emissivity. Considering the additional longwave radiation during the cloudy skies coming from the cloud in the waveband which the gaseous emission lacks (from 8–13 μm), an algorithm was developed which provides continuous 20-min cloud information (cloud base height, cloud base temperature, percent of skies covered by cloud, and cloud contribution to the radiation budget) over the area during day and night. On the partly-cloudy day of 3 February, 2003, for instance, cloud contributed 1.34 MJ m− 2 d− 1 out of 26.92 MJ m− 2 d− 1 to the daily atmospheric radiation. On the overcast day of 18 December, 2003, this contribution was 5.77 MJ m− 2 d− 1 out of 29.38 MJ m− 2 d− 1. The same contribution for the year 2003 amounted to 402.85 MJ m− 2 y− 1 out of 9976.08 MJ m− 2 y− 1. Observations (fog which yielded a zero cloud base height and satellite cloud imaging data) throughout the year confirmed the validity of the computed data. The nearby Bowen ratio station provided the downward radiation and net radiation data. If necessary, these data could be substituted for the missing data at the radiation station. While the automated surface observing systems (ASOS) ceilometer at the Logan airport provides only the overhead cloud information, the proposed algorithm provides this information over the valley. The proposed algorithm is a promising approach for evaluation of the cloud base temperature, cloud base height, percent of skies covered by cloud, and cloud contribution to the daily and annual radiation budget at local and regional scales.  相似文献   

16.
The main goal of this work is to describe the anthropogenic energy flux (Q F) in the city of S?o Paulo, Brazil. The hourly, monthly, and annual values of the anthropogenic energy flux are estimated using the inventory method, and the contributions of vehicular, stationary, and human metabolism sources from 2004 to 2007 are considered. The vehicular and stationary sources are evaluated using the primary consumption of energy based on fossil fuel, bio fuel, and electricity usage by the population. The diurnal evolution of the anthropogenic energy flux shows three relative maxima, with the largest maxima occurring early in the morning (??19.9 Wm?2) and in the late afternoon (??20.3 Wm?2). The relative maximum that occurs around noontime (??19.6 Wm?2) reflects the diurnal pattern of vehicle traffic that seems to be specific to S?o Paulo. With respect to diurnal evolution, the energy flux released by vehicular sources (Q FV) contributes approximately 50% of the total anthropogenic energy flux. Stationary sources (Q FS) and human metabolism (Q FM) represent about 41% and 9% of the anthropogenic energy flux, respectively. For 2007, the monthly values of Q FV, Q FS, Q FM, and Q F are, respectively, 16.8?±?0.25, 14.3?±?0.16, 3.5?±?0.03, and 34.6?±?0.41?MJ?m?2?month?1. The seasonal evolution monthly values of Q FV, Q FS, Q FM, and Q F show a relative minimum during the summer and winter vacations and a systematic and progressive increase associated with the seasonal evolution of the economic activity in S?o Paulo. The annual evolution of Q F indicates that the city of S?o Paulo released 355.2?MJ?m?2?year?1 in 2004 and 415.5?MJ?m?2?year?1 in 2007 in association with an annual rate of increase of 19.6?MJ?m?2?year?1 (from 2004 to 2006) and 30.5?MJ?m?2?year?1 (from 2006 to 2007). The anthropogenic energy flux corresponds to about 9% of the net radiation at the surface in the summer and 15% in the winter. The amplitude of seasonal variation of the maximum hourly value of the diurnal variation increases exponentially with latitude.  相似文献   

17.
Analysis of solar radiation over Egypt   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Summary  The database utilized in this analysis consisted of daily sunshine duration and hourly global and diffuse radiation on a horizontal surface (for Matruh Cairo, and Aswan), and normal incidence beam radiation (for Cairo and Aswan only). Monthly-average hourly and daily values are reported for each of these three types of measured radiation, together with the calculated monthly-average daily values for the components of global radiation, horizontal beam and diffuse radiation. The monthly-average hourly and daily clearsky index values have also been calculated and analyzed. Monthly-average daily frequency distributions of the clearsky index values are reported for each month. The annual-average daily global irradiation values are 19.4, 18.67, and 21.78 MJ/m2 and for diffuse irradiation they are 6.34, 6.65 and 6.23 MJ/m2 for Matruh, Cairo and Aswan, respectively. For the normal incidence beam irradiation the annual-average daily values are 16.94 and 24.46 MJ/m2 for Cairo and Aswan, respectively. The annual-average daily fractions of the direct component of horizontal global radiation are 0.70, 0.61 and 0.72 for the three stations, respectively. The annual-average daily values for the clearsky index are 0.585, 0.566, and 0.648, and the average frequency of clear days annually are 67.3, 42.3 and 77.6% respectively. The annual variations and trend analysis were analyzed for daily global, direct, and diffuse radiation on a horizontal surface, daily sunshine duration, and for the daily ratios G/G0, and D/G for the stations Matruh, Cairo and Aswan. The distribution of these components of radiation and their ratios over the study stations in Egypt is also discussed. The results show that Egypt is characterized by relatively high average-daily radiation rates, both global and direct, and a relatively high frequency of clear days. Cairo, due to its urbanization and high pollution, has relatively low average-daily radiation rates, particularly in direct radiation, and the frequency of clear days. Received February 26, 1998 Revised February 4, 1999  相似文献   

18.
利用1981、1996和2001年逐日南京站太阳总辐射和日照时数观测资料,建立了基于支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)方法的太阳总辐射推算模型,预测了1982、1997和2002年的太阳总辐射,并把推算结果和采用线性的气候学方法所得到的推算结果分别与实测值进行对比。采用线性方法得到的1982、1997和2002年的太阳总辐射预测值与实测值间基于1:1线的决定系数(R~2)分别为0.800、0.859和0.838,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为3.250、2.649和2.925 MJ·m~(-2)·d~(-1)。采用SVM方法得到的1982、1997和2002年的R~2分别为0.894、0.938和0.936,RMSE分别为2.353、1.726和1.804 MJ·m~(-2)·d~(-1)。SVM方法得到的太阳总辐射预测值与实测值之间的误差较小,预测精度高于线性方法,更适用于实际太阳总辐射的计算。  相似文献   

19.
Global solar radiation (GSR) is essential for agricultural and plant growth modelling, air and water heating analyses, and solar electric power systems. However, GSR gauging stations are scarce compared with stations for monitoring common meteorological variables such as air temperature and relative humidity. In this study, one power function, three linear regression, and three non-linear models based on an artificial neural network (ANN) are developed to extend short records of daily GSR for meteorological stations where predictors (i.e., temperature and/or relative humidity) are available. The seven models are then applied to 19 meteorological stations located across the province of Quebec (Canada). On average, the root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) for ANN-based models are 0.33–0.54?MJ?m?2?d?1 smaller than those for the power function and linear regression models for the same input variables, indicating that the non-linear ANN-based models are more efficient in simulating daily GSR. Regionalization potential of the seven models is also evaluated for ungauged stations where predictors are available. The power function and the three linear regression models are tested by interpolating spatially correlated at-site coefficients using universal kriging or by applying a leave-one-out calibration procedure for spatially uncorrelated at-site coefficients. Regional ANN-based models are also developed by training the model based on the leave-one-out procedure. The RMSEs for regional ANN models are 0.08–0.46?MJ?m?2?d?1 smaller than for other models using the same input conditions. However, the regional ANN-based models are more sensitive to new station input values compared with the other models. Maps of interpolated coefficients and regional equations of the power function and the linear regression models are provided for direct application to the study area.  相似文献   

20.
利用1961-2010年河北省周边7个太阳辐射观测站的资料,拟合得出相对精确的河北省太阳直接辐射经验公式,分析了河北省太阳直接辐射时空变化特征。结果表明：河北省近50 a来太阳直接辐射年总量总体呈明显的下降趋势。其中,下降幅度相对较大的石家庄为25%,下降幅度相对较小的唐山为11%。河北省水平面太阳直接辐射年总量近50 a平均值空间差异较大,<2540MJ·m-2 主要分布在邢台南部,>3510MJ·m-2 主要分布在张家口西北部,大部分地区介于2540-3300MJ·m-2 。河北省太阳能资源开发利用潜力比较大的区域主要在张家口的坝上地区。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号