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1.
《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2017,(2)
利用2007—2013年新疆的10场强对流天气过程以及与之相应的FY-2D静止气象卫星数据,分析了强对流云红外一通道、红外二通道、水汽通道及通道差的光谱特征,提取强对流云团样本点,采用统计方法确定判识指标的阈值范围,构建多通道多阈值判识方法。利用三场天气过程的地面实测降水资料分别验证了单时次和整场天气过程强对流云判识的准确性,结果表明:单时次强对流云的识别区域与发生降雨台站一致的准确率为83%;在整个天气过程中,强对流频次分布与降水实况吻合度较高,说明随着对流云团的移动和发展,判识区域与地面降水区域保持一致,验证了判识方法有效,阈值选取合理。 相似文献
2.
利用2007-2013年新疆的十场强对流天气过程以及与之相应的FY-2D静止气象卫星数据,分析了强对流云红外一通道、红外二通道、水汽通道及通道差的光谱特征,提取强对流云团样本点,采用统计方法确定判识指标的阈值范围,构建多通道多阈值判识方法。利用三场天气过程的地面实测降水资料分别验证了单时次和整场天气过程强对流云判识的准确性,结果表明：单时次强对流云的识别区域与发生降雨台站一致的准确率为83%;在整个天气过程中,强对流频次分布与降水实况吻合度较高,说明随着对流云团的移动和发展,判识区域与地面降水区域保持一致,验证了判识方法有效,阈值选取合理,可以为监测暴雨天气系统的发生、发展提供支持。 相似文献
3.
2006年6月10日浙江飑线FY-2C卫星云图特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
利用FY-2C静止气象卫星云图和中尺度加密地面气象监测资料,采用Weiss-Smith方法、云顶亮温分层、多谱组合等定量分析技术对2006年6月10日发生在浙江中北部地区的一次冰雹和雷雨大风天气的飑线过程进行连续监测和对流云识别分析。FY-2C卫星云图定量分析结果表明这次飑线过程对流最旺盛期TBB低于230K(-44℃);长波红外分裂窗双谱组合Tc≤-4的低值区与强风暴天气影响区域相对应,Tc≤-7低值中心与强雷达回波区相对应;强对流天气区域与分布在沿对流云团前进方向的TBB梯度最大区域有很好的对应关系,强风暴天气发生区的移动路径与TV正梯度最大区域的移动路径相似。 相似文献
4.
卫星观测与辐射传输分析证明,对流云团红外水汽与窗区亮温差(brightness temperature difference,BTD)具有显著特征,利用对流云团BTD红外亮温特征可以识别对流云团。基于对流云团BTD特征建立的全球对流识别系统(global convection diagnostic,GCD)算法通过设立一个BTD单阈值检测对流云团的有无,但是它不能进一步量化对流云团强度。本文利用FY-2GVISSR红外观测数据与CINRAD CAR(CAPPI of reflectivity)雷达观测数据进行对比研究,结果表明:BTD/CAR具有较好线性正相关关系;BTD不仅可以用于识别对流云团的存在,还可以进一步量化对流云团强度;BTD作为对流云团识别因子优于IRW(infrared window)亮温法。基于BTD/CAR相关关系可以实现基于静止卫星红外水汽和窗区观测的对流云团识别与定强。 相似文献
5.
使用FY-2E静止气象卫星的红外1(10.3~11.3μm)和水汽波段(6.3~7.6μm)时序图像,对强对流云进行识别和短时预测。亮温阈值法是将强对流云和其他高云区分开的常用方法,但是合适的亮温阈值是随着时间和空间而变化的,过高的阈值会将许多卷云包括进来,太低的阈值会排除掉云顶发展还不是很高的强对流云。水汽波段所在的位置是水汽的一个强吸收带,而高度在400 h Pa上下的大气层是水汽波段的一个强吸收层,大气在垂直方向上的对水汽波段辐射吸收的分布模式使得卫星接收到的水汽波段辐射主要来自于400 h Pa以上的大气中高层,而卫星接收到的红外波段辐射主要来自于大气中低层,两个波段间辐射来源的差异使得不同光学厚度的高云的辐射观测值在红外—水汽光谱空间中的分布具有明显差别,并且这种差异具有时空的稳定性。本文将一定范围内的云团的象元测值在红外—水汽光谱空间中的分布的拟合直线斜率作为强对流云识别的依据,结果表明相对于亮温阈值法,本文的识别方法不仅能够较好地区别卷云和强对流云,同时也能更有效地识别未达到旺盛阶段的对流云。在对强对流云进行识别后,根据相邻时间段的卫星图像,利用交叉相关法反演得到强对流云团顶部的位移矢量场,并根据后向轨迹法对强对流云团位置形状进行短时预测,预报结果在短时间内(0~1 h)较好,并且对面积较大的云团的预报效果要优于较小的对流云团。此外文中还利用逐半小时的云顶黑体温度(Temperature of Black Body,TBB)资料分析了云顶亮温的分布变化,得到了整个强对流过程的演变特征。 相似文献
6.
“5·6”四川盆地对流云团特征及触发机制 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用FY-2卫星资料、NCEP再分析资料和常规观测资料,分析研究了2016年5月6日四川盆地暴雨对流云团的特征及其形成机制。结果表明:四川盆地对流云团易发生在青藏高原东侧边坡陡峭地形带,初生对流云团的云顶亮温低于-45℃,边缘最大温度梯度为15~20℃,水汽-红外通道亮温差值介于-5~0℃,分裂窗-红外亮温差值介于0~2℃。强降水出现在红外和水汽亮温快速下降到最低值、水汽-红外通道差值达0℃附近、分裂窗-红外亮温差为正值和温度梯度达0℃后的几小时内,最大雨强出现在强对流云团成熟后开始迅速减弱的初始阶段(即云顶亮温开始回升的阶段)。较大范围的强降水由发展成熟的云顶最低亮温约为-70℃的对流云团产生,主要出现在红外亮温低于-50℃的区域,集中在红外亮温-65℃~-60℃、水汽亮温为-65℃~-60℃的云顶较为平滑的次低值中心区域内,并不与云顶最低亮温中心相吻合。机制分析表明,对流云团生成区域均受偏东风影响,且形成于高的对流不稳定能量条件下,发展于高湿区,近地层冷空气扩散南下与气旋式流场中的辐合共同触发对流在辐合线以北生成,而中层垂直风切变的加强、中低层暖平流和高层冷平流的发展促使对流云团发展旺盛。 相似文献
7.
导致区域性雷暴大风天气的云型分类及统计特征分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
利用2005—2011年的静止卫星、常规探空和重要天气报资料,文章选取了18次典型区域性雷暴大风过程,在分析500 hPa天气形势基础上对导致雷暴大风的强对流云型进行了分类分析,其发展过程可划分为初始、发展、成熟和消亡四个阶段。对静止卫星观测的定量特征分析表明,对流云团中IR1通道和水汽(WV)通道的亮温差基本为负值,其值的不断减小预示着强对流在持续发展;在监测和预报雷暴大风天气时,需要特别关注长椭圆形强对流云带的右侧和其右侧的孤立对流云团,尤其是TBB(红外亮度温度)低负值区、TBB高梯度区、IR1和WV通道亮温差值区及大梯度区均配合的区域。在定性分析的基础上对静止卫星IR1与WV通道的亮温特征进行了定量统计分析,获得了雷暴大风出现站点附近的红外亮温、水汽亮温、IR1与WV通道亮温差和红外亮温梯度的分布情况,结果发现大部分站点的雷暴大风天气出现在以下时段:红外亮温由急剧下降到平缓下降之间的过渡期;IR1与WV通道亮温差由迅速下降转为缓慢下降或稳定少变的时间点前后,且多数处于IR1和WV通道亮温差由正转负临近的时间段内;红外亮温梯度达到最大的时间点附近或开始下降的时候。 相似文献
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利用NOAA-16/AMSU-B三水汽通道微波亮温差和GOES-9红外亮温阈值对热带气旋深厚对流云进行检测,同时利用GOES-9可见光、红外、水汽多光谱通道特征对热带气旋云系进行识别,通过一次台风“蒲公英”个例,对热带气旋在微波和光学遥感图像上的深厚对流云进行分析。结果表明,微波和光学遥感资料均能对热带气旋深厚对流云进行有效识别,检测结果基本一致,但识别出的对流云,微波范围较小,光学遥感范围较大,这可能是由于光学遥感仅能获得云顶信息,将对流云顶部覆盖的卷云错判造成的;即使采用较低亮温阈值,光学遥感也很难将这部分卷云完全分离,而微波对云更具穿透性,在深厚对流云的识别方面具有独特优势;三水汽通道间微波亮温差反映了深厚对流云的发展强度,可间接揭示热带气旋的发展情况。 相似文献
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利用NOAA-16/AMSU-B微波亮温资料和GOES-9光学遥感资料对2004年6月16日一次锋面气旋云系中的强对流云团进行识别, 尝试了NOAA-16/AM SU-B微波两窗区通道亮温、3个微波水汽通道间亮温差, GOES-9红外亮温阈值、水汽和红外通道亮温差、红外和水汽通道亮温多光谱逐个修改聚类等方法, 通过比较各种方法的识别结果, 分析各种识别技术的特点, 同时采用地面常规观测资料进行叠加, 对识别方法进行了验证。结果表明:微波对强对流云团均能较好识别, 但89 GHz通道亮温受地表影响较大, 不能很好剔除过冷水体, 150 GHz通道亮温与微波水汽通道间亮温差的识别结果较一致, 3个微波水汽通道间亮温差对阈值的依赖性相对较小; GOES-9红外亮温阈值因其随时空变化对识别结果会造成较大差别, 而水汽和红外通道亮温差对强对流云团能进行较好定位, 但识别范围较小, 多光谱逐个修改聚类方法对积雨云的识别效果较好, 且和NOAA-16/AMSU-B识别结果有较好的对应关系; 地面常规观测资料的叠加结果也说明, 多波段遥感资料对强对流云团的识别结果与当时的天气现象及积雨云状均有较好的对应关系。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献