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1.
基于WRF模式,采用4层嵌套方案,选取3种积云参数化方案和7种微物理方案组成21种组合,对清江流域2016—2018年6—10月6次典型降雨事件进行数值预报,结合CMORPH卫星-地面自动站-雷达三源融合降水产品,采用TS评分和FSS评分,分析不同分辨率和云微物理方案的降雨预报效果;基于较优组合方案的WRF模式与WRF-Hydro水文模式耦合进行径流模拟,分析WRF模式在水文模拟中的应用效果。结果表明:3 km和1 km分辨率对降雨中心位置及强度预报的差别不大,对降雨落区都有较好的预报能力;在积云参数化方案中,KF方案和BMJ方案的降雨预报效果优于GF方案;在微物理方案中,WSM3、WSM5、WSM6、Thompson方案的预报结果与融合数据有较好的一致性;基于较优组合方案BMJ_WSM3,将WRF模式与WRF-Hydro模式耦合,耦合模式能较好地模拟洪水过程,径流模拟相关系数都在0.67以上,且NSE最高可达0.79。   相似文献   

2.
In flash flood forecasting, it is necessary to consider not only traditional meteorological variables such as precipitation, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture, but also hydrological components such as streamflow. To address this challenge, the application of high resolution coupled atmospheric-hydrological models is emerging as a promising alternative. This study demonstrates the feasibility of linking a coupled atmospheric-hydrological model (WRF/WRFHydro) with 150-m horizontal grid spacing for flash flood forecasting in Korea. The study area is the Namgang Dam basin in Southern Korea, a mountainous area located downstream of Jiri Mountain (1915 m in height). Under flash flood conditions, the simulated precipitation over the entire basin is comparable to the domain-averaged precipitation, but discharge data from WRF-Hydro shows some differences in the total available water and the temporal distribution of streamflow (given by the timing of the streamflow peak following precipitation), compared to observations. On the basis of sensitivity tests, the parameters controlling the infiltration of excess precipitation and channel roughness depending on stream order are refined and their influence on temporal distribution of streamflow is addressed with intent to apply WRF-Hydro to flash flood forecasting in the Namgang Dam basin. The simulation results from the WRF-Hydro model with optimized parameters demonstrate the potential utility of a coupled atmospheric-hydrological model for forecasting heavy rain-induced flash flooding over the Korean Peninsula.  相似文献   

3.
以漳河流域为研究区域,以CMORPH卫星-地面自动站-雷达三源降水融合数据和ERA5再分析降水资料为WRF-Hydro模式的输入,进行径流模拟,对比分析模拟径流与实测径流的差异,探讨基于两种降水数据的WRF-Hydro模式在漳河流域的径流模拟效果。结果表明:三源降水融合数据的径流模拟效果较优,纳什系数均达到0.7以上,模拟径流与实测径流过程吻合较好;采用三源降水融合数据和ERA5再分析降水资料率定WRF-Hydro模式,以ERA5再分析降水资料为输入,径流模拟结果都不佳;总体而言,三源降水融合数据与WRF-Hydro模式耦合能够较好地模拟漳河流域径流过程。   相似文献   

4.
基于空间分辨率90 m×90 m的湖北荆门漳河水库数字高程模型(DEM)地形数据,并从2012-2015年选取了20场洪水过程(其中16场用于模拟,4场用于检验),将华中区域数值天气预报业务模式WRF提供的三重嵌套空间分辨率3 km×3 km、9 km×9 km和27 km×27 km预报降雨与集总式新安江模型以及半分布式水文模型Topmodel耦合进行洪水预报试验。通过对比试验得到以下结论:当流域降雨的时、空分布比较均匀时,集总式新安江模型可以较准确地预报出洪峰流量和峰现时间,而当降雨时、空分布差异较大时,预报误差也会随之增大。基于DEM数据建立的Topmodel模型可以反映不同降雨时、空分布下洪水预报结果的差异,试验结果表明,3 km×3 km和9 km×9 km洪水预报的输出结果比较接近,且在确定性系数和洪峰相对误差上要优于27 km×27 km的洪水预报结果,而在峰现时差的预报上,则是27 km×27 km的洪水预报结果与实测较吻合。通过研究还发现,虽然当流域降雨的时、空分布存在一定差异时,3种空间分辨率的WRF预报降雨均无法预报出与实测一致的降雨分布,但是在某些情况下,当降雨的时间分布误差和空间分布误差相抵消时,仍然可以得到较为准确的洪水预报结果。因此,高时、空分辨率的模式预报降雨并不一定就能对洪水预报结果产生正贡献,需要通过反复尝试寻找水文模型和数值模式耦合的最佳时、空分辨率。  相似文献   

5.
2016年梅汛期降雨环流特征及ECMWF中期预报偏差分析   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2  
利用NCAR/NCEP逐日再分析资料和台站观测日平均降雨资料,分析2016年梅汛期的大气环流演变特点和期间3次强降雨过程的环流特征,对比了欧洲中期数值模式(EC模式)的预报能力,并对其中期预报降雨的落区偏北、强度偏弱的偏差原因进行分析。结果表明,2016年梅汛期中高纬度环流多变化,多冷空气活动但势力总体不强,夏季风在6月下旬和7月上旬逐步增强,西太平洋副热带高压稳定维持,为强降雨的发生提供了有利动力和水汽条件。在梅汛期前期EC在中期时效对于夏季风的预报强度偏强、副高位置偏北,直接造成模式预报的雨带位置偏北。EC对于乌拉尔山一带的环流系统预报能力较好,但对于日本海-鄂霍茨克海一带的环流系统预报能力较差,从而使得影响我国的冷空气路径和强度预报均出现偏差,这对于7月初的强降水的强度和落区预报也有明显影响。   相似文献   

6.
The relationship between the radar reflectivity factor (Z) and the rainfall rate (R) is recalculated based on radar observations from 10 Doppler radars and hourly rainfall measurements at 6529 automatic weather stations over the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin. The data were collected by the National 973 Project from June to July 2013 for severe convective weather events. The ZR relationship is combined with an empirical qrR relationship to obtain a new Zqr relationship, which is then used to correct the observational operator for radar reflectivity in the three-dimensional variational (3DVar) data assimilation system of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to improve the analysis and prediction of severe convective weather over the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin. The performance of the corrected reflectivity operator used in the WRF 3DVar data assimilation system is tested with a heavy rain event that occurred over Jiangsu and Anhui provinces and the surrounding regions on 23 June 2013. It is noted that the observations for this event are not included in the calculation of the Z–R relationship. Three experiments are conducted with the WRF model and its 3DVar system, including a control run without the assimilation of reflectivity data and two assimilation experiments with the original and corrected reflectivity operators. The experimental results show that the assimilation of radar reflectivity data has a positive impact on the rainfall forecast within a few hours with either the original or corrected reflectivity operators, but the corrected reflectivity operator achieves a better performance on the rainfall forecast than the original operator. The corrected reflectivity operator extends the effective time of radar data assimilation for the prediction of strong reflectivity. The physical variables analyzed with the corrected reflectivity operator present more reasonable mesoscale structures than those obtained with the original reflectivity operator. This suggests that the new statistical ZR relationship is more suitable for predicting severe convective weather over the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin than the ZR relationships currently in use.  相似文献   

7.
持续性强降水及其次生灾害给人民的生产和生活造成严重影响, 延伸其模式动力预报能力对防灾、减灾具有重要意义。随着对持续性强降水过程形成机理及模式动力中期预报认识的不断提高, 以减小模式初始条件误差、边界条件误差以及内场预报误差为目标提出了一系列动力中期预报技术方法, 主要包括:针对边界条件提出低通滤波技术方案, 改进了5 d以上的环流及降水预报; 针对模式预报内场进行谱逼近技术试验, 对提前3—7 d的小雨以上量级的降水预报改进明显; 针对初始条件进行多尺度混合更新初值技术预报试验, 融合全球预报的大尺度场及区域模式预报的中小尺度场进行15 d预报, 明显提高了50及100 mm以上的持续性累积降水预报时效。   相似文献   

8.
何爽爽  汪君  王会军 《大气科学》2018,42(3):590-606
2017年6月18日北京门头沟地区突发泥石流,造成6人伤亡。短时强降水是这起事件的主要诱发因素,但常规气象观测并没有很好地观测到此次降水过程,可见降水数据的准确性对于滑坡泥石流的实时预警及预报至关重要。近年来,卫星遥感估算降水发展迅速,WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model)模式关于降水的预报技巧也逐渐提高。本文以自动站降水资料为参考,首先利用定性方法和泰勒图、TS(Threat Score)评分等定量的方法比较了CMORPH(CPC MORPHing technique)、GPM(Global Precipitation Measurement)和PERSIANN-CCS(Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Cloud Classification System)三种卫星降水资料以及不同起报时间的WRF预报降水对此次降水过程的表现能力,然后利用降水数据驱动滑坡泥石流统计预报模型,对此次事件进行了回报,分析不同降水数据在模型中的实际应用效果,最终为滑坡泥石流实时预警和预报系统的构建提供参考。结果表明,三种卫星降水资料基本上能反映出此次降水过程东北—西南向的带状空间分布形态,其中,CMORPH与自动站资料的空间相关性最好,命中率也最高,但对降水量有一定的高估,GPM对平均降水量的时间变化有较好的反映,体现了卫星降水在观测较少地区的良好利用价值,PERSIANN-CCS的表现则相对差些。WRF模式能预报出此次降水的带状空间分布特征,但降水中心的位置与实际有所偏差;此外,预报的最大降水量的峰值出现时间比实际上晚。由于此次降水的强局地性,只有空间分辨率均匀且质量相对较好的CMORPH卫星降水驱动模型可以回报出此次事件,而自动站点资料由于空间分布不均,则没有回报出此次事件,这表明了卫星降水在滑坡泥石流实时预警系统的构建中具有一定的优势。WRF模式降水驱动模型可以提前做出预警,虽然预报的事件发生时间与实际相比偏晚3~5 h,但WRF可以较好地预报72 h内的降水,因而可以延长灾害的可预见期。WRF模式预报降水的时间和空间精度都需要进一步提高,但是仍具有很好的参考意义。  相似文献   

9.
由于极端天气事件导致灾害频发,为延长洪水预见期,以望谟河流域为例,利用DEM数字高程资料、土地利用数据、土壤数据、气象数据等驱动SWAT水文模型,对流域水文循环过程进行了模拟,并采用2016~2018年逐日和2010~2018年逐月望谟水文监测站实测径流数据进行了率定和验证。同时基于CFSv2模式,采用双线性插值法得到延伸期时段望谟站2019年6月1日起报的未来45d的降水预报产品,与实况数据作对比分析,并与SWAT模型耦合进行了延伸期时段的径流量耦合预报。结果表明:(1)望谟河流域日尺度模拟中,率定期确定系数R2和Nash-Sutcliffe系数NSE均为0.75,验证期R2=0.61,NSE=0.55,月尺度模拟中,率定期R2=0.85,NSE=0.81,验证期R2=0.80,NSE=0.74,无论日尺度或月尺度,百分比偏差PBIAS的绝对值均在5%以内,模拟效果较好,可满足应用要求;(2)以2019年6月1日为起报日得到的CFSv2未来10~45d降水数据,CFSv2降水预报过程与实况趋势总体一致,强降水过程时段偏差在1~3d左右,但日降水量级的预报值偏小,说明需对CFSv2模式产品进行系统误差订正。基于SWAT模型与CFSv2降水预报产品的径流量耦合预报在未来10~15d内的变化趋势与实测值一致,尤其在未来10d左右模拟趋势效果最好;(3)对比6月10~13日不同起报日的降水数据,4个起报时刻对于未来10d强降雨过程均有稳定的预报信号,以6月10日作为起报日的径流量耦合预报于提前10~20d效果较为稳定,但由于降水预报量级偏小,致使径流量的模拟量级也偏小。研究成果为延伸期时段水文气象耦合模式的洪水预报试验研究提供了参考。   相似文献   

10.
黄河“96.8”洪水是一次重要的强降水过程引起的。黄河流域地形复杂 ,而且降水时间分布极不均匀 ,预报难度较大。应用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室 REM模式 (简称 LASGREM)对这次洪水暴雨过程进行了模拟预报。同时应用 L ASGREM的输出产品对该过程进行了分析。结果表明 ,该模式对黄河“96.8”致洪暴雨的模拟预报能力较强 ,适合于黄河水文气象业务预报。  相似文献   

11.
The streamflow over the Yellow River basin is simulated using the PRECIS (Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies) regional climate model driven by 15-year (1979-1993) ECMWF reanalysis data as the initial and lateral boundary conditions and an off-line large-scale routing model (LRM). The LRM uses physical catchment and river channel information and allows streamflow to be predicted for large continental rivers with a 1°×1° spatial resolution. The results show that the PRECIS model can reproduce the general southeast to northwest gradient distribution of the precipitation over the Yellow River basin, The PRECIS- LRM model combination has the capability to simulate the seasonal and annual streamflow over the Yellow River basin. The simulated streamflow is generally coincident with the naturalized streamflow both in timing and in magnitude.  相似文献   

12.
基于中国科学院大气物理研究所新一代大气环流模式IAP AGCM 4.1共30 a(1981—2010年)的集合回报试验结果,评估了模式对淮河流域夏季降水的预报技巧。分析结果表明,模式总体上可以较好地再现出淮河流域夏季平均降水南多北少的空间分布特征,其中模式模拟的6月降水量与观测值的空间相关可达0.93。但降水强度与观测相比具有系统性的偏差,且模式模拟的降水年际变率显著偏弱。基于降水距平相关系数的确定性预报技巧分析表明,模式对流域西南部夏季降水的预测技巧较高,达到0.2以上,且模式对6月降水异常的预测能力相对最好,7月次之。针对淮河不同子流域的预报技巧分析表明,IAP AGCM 4. 1对蚌埠、鲁台子、王家坝水文控制站以上集水面积的夏季面雨量异常具有一定的预报技巧,30 a集合回报的时间相关系数分别为0. 11、0. 13、0. 16。基于降水等级的概率预报技巧评估表明,模式对7月淮河流域南部少雨事件具有很好的预报能力,同时对6月流域中部多雨事件的预报技巧也较高。  相似文献   

13.
对2013—2016年汛期ECMWF、JMA及中尺度WRF模式的预报结果进行检验,基于合理的时间尺度,制作了动态权重集成面雨量预报(DWI)、分步集成面雨量预报(SI)和等权重集成面雨量预报(EWI)产品,并对2017—2020年汛期降水期间多种集成面雨量预报产品和ECMWF、JMA、WRF的单个模式面雨量预报产品进行对比评估.结果表明:3种集成面雨量预报效果整体上优于单一数值预报模式,尤其是预报致灾严重的暴雨等级降水优势明显;DWI和WRF对强降水的面雨量预报正确率最高,其他2种集成面雨量预报结果次之,ECMWF及JMA较差;模式集成预报弱降水过程的优势不明显.  相似文献   

14.
为降低风电场短期预报风速误差,减少风电场短期风功率偏差积分电量,提高风电场发电功率预测准确率,分季节研究了相似误差订正方法对ECMWF单台风机预报风速的订正效果。结果表明:相似误差订正后不同风机预报风速的误差差距减小;预报风速的平均绝对偏差和均方根误差明显降低,其中夏季和秋季华能义岗风电场两个指标降低幅度均超过0.1 m/s、会宁丁家沟风电场均超过0.2 m/s;订正风速削减了原始预报的极值,可反映大部分时段实况风速3 h内的趋势变化,个别时段订正风速与实况趋势相反;订正后预报风速在风功率敏感区的平均绝对偏差明显降低,华能义岗风电场四季降低幅度在0.112~0.242 m/s之间、会宁丁家沟风电场四季降低幅度在0.131~0.430 m/s之间,有效降低了原始预报误差带来的短期风功率偏差积分电量扣分值;订正风速较原始预报更多分布在风功率敏感区。该方法实际应用灵活,对提高风电场短期预报风速准确率有可观的效果,并可有效减少短期风功率偏差积分电量考核。   相似文献   

15.
The capability of a current state-of-the-art regional climate model for simulating the diurnal and annual cycles of rainfall over a complex subtropical region is documented here. Hourly rainfall is simulated over Southern Africa for 1998–2006 by the non-hydrostatic model weather research and forecasting (WRF), and compared to a network of 103 stations covering South Africa. We used five simulations, four of which consist of different parameterizations for atmospheric convection at a 0.5 × 0.5° resolution, performed to test the physic-dependency of the results. The fifth experiment uses explicit convection over tropical South Africa at a 1/30° resolution. WRF simulates realistic mean rainfall fields, albeit wet biases over tropical Africa. The model mean biases are strongly modulated by the convective scheme used for the simulations. The annual cycle of rainfall is well simulated over South Africa, mostly influenced by tropical summer rainfall except in the Western Cape region experiencing winter rainfall. The diurnal cycle shows a timing bias, with atmospheric convection occurring too early in the afternoon, and causing too abundant rainfall. This result, particularly true in summer over the northeastern part of the country, is weakly physic-dependent. Cloud-resolving simulations do not clearly reduce the diurnal cycle biases. In the end, the rainfall overestimations appear to be mostly imputable to the afternoon hours of the austral summer rainy season, i.e., the periods during which convective activity is intense over the region.  相似文献   

16.
针对航天气象保障中高分辨率高空风的预报需求,利用欧洲数值预报、GRAPESGFS、导航探空数据,通过WRF模式直接输出、高空风模式产品融合、动力统计订正等方法实现了20 km以下逐250 m的高空风短期预报,并选择2019年11月—2020年3月进行试验,结果表明:U风预报好于V风;5~14 km高空风预报效果好于其它层次;在模式产品融合基础上进行的动力统计订正,预报效果最好,对于同层U、V风,4 m/s偏差内预报准确率为77.4%,6 m/s偏差内预报准确率为93.2%。  相似文献   

17.
目前,北京地区的天气预报系统对局地对流性定量降水预报能力较弱,远不能满足人们生产、生活和防灾、减灾工作的需要。针对北京地区对提高0-12 h短时临近天气,尤其是夏季局地对流性降水预报能力的需求,基于中国气象局北京城市气象研究所变分多普勒雷达分析系统(VDRAS)的雷达热动力反演资料,建立了WRF模式初始化模块,采用四维资料同化(FDDA)方法,将VDRAS系统高时空分辨率三维热动力结构分析场资料同化到WRF模式中,实现了北京地区VDRAS分析场资料在WRF中尺度模式系统中的应用。通过降水个例的高分辨率同化模拟试验分析了雷达热动力反演资料同化对模式预报结果的影响。研究结果表明:雷达热动力反演资料的同化能够提高模式系统对近地面温、湿、风大气要素和降水过程的模拟能力,改善2 m比湿、降水落区、降水量级、降水时间的预报效果,减少降水漏报的现象。温度和比湿的同化比风的同化对模拟降水结果的改善更重要。虽然研究表明雷达热动力反演资料在WRF模式中的同化能够明显改善模式对选取降水个例的模拟效果,但其对模式尤其是数值业务模式系统预报效果的影响需要进一步更全面、更系统的检验,为业务化应用奠定更坚实的基础。   相似文献   

18.
The present study is conducted to verify the short-range forecasts from mesoscale model version5 (MM5)/weather research and forecasting (WRF) model over the Indian region and to examine the impact of assimilation of quick scatterometer (QSCAT) near surface winds, spectral sensor microwave imager (SSM/I) wind speed and total precipitable water (TPW) on the forecasts by these models using their three-dimensional variational (3D-Var) data assimilation scheme for a 1-month period during July 2006. The control (without satellite data assimilation) as well as 3D-Var sensitivity experiments (with assimilating satellite data) using MM5/WRF were made for 48 h starting daily at 0000 UTC July 2006. The control run is analyzed for the intercomparison of MM5/WRF short-range forecasts and is also used as a baseline for assessing the MM5/WRF 3D-Var satellite data sensitivity experiments. As compared to the observation, the MM5 (WRF) control simulations strengthened (weakened) the cross equatorial flow over southern Arabian sea near peninsular India. The forecasts from MM5 and WRF showed a warm and moist bias at lower and upper levels with a cold bias at the middle level, which shows that the convective schemes of these models may be too active during the simulation. The forecast errors in predicted wind, temperature and humidity at different levels are lesser in WRF as compared to MM5, except the temperature prediction at lower level. The rainfall pattern and prediction skill from day 1 and day 2 forecasts by WRF is superior to MM5. The spatial distribution of forecast impact for wind, temperature, and humidity from 1-month assimilation experiments during July 2006 demonstrated that on average, for 24 and 48-h forecasts, the satellite data improved the MM5/WRF initial condition, so that model errors in predicted meteorological fields got reduced. Among the experiments, MM5/WRF wind speed prediction is most benefited from QSCAT surface wind and SSM/I TPW assimilation while temperature and humidity prediction is mostly improved due to latter. The largest improvement in MM5/WRF rainfall prediction is due to the assimilation of SSM/I TPW. The assimilation of SSM/I wind speed alone in MM5/WRF degraded the humidity and rainfall prediction. In summary the assimilation of satellite data showed similar impact on MM5/WRF prediction; largest improvement due to SSM/I TPW and degradation due to SSM/I wind speed.  相似文献   

19.
BJ-RUC系统模式地面气象要素预报效果评估   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
利用自动气象站逐小时地面观测资料,采用客观检验方法对北京市气象局快速更新循环预报 (BJ-RUC) 系统在2008—2010年5—9月的预报结果进行检验,初步评估了BJ-RUC系统对地面气象要素的业务预报性能。结果表明:BJ-RUC系统对地面气象要素预报与实况的变化趋势有很好的一致性。其中,2 m温度预报整体偏高,误差范围为-1.5~1.5℃,早上和傍晚偏大,正午偏小;2 m相对湿度的预报整体偏低,误差为-25%~0,白天偏大,夜间偏小;10 m风速预报明显偏大,午后尤为显著,误差为0.6~1.2 m·s-1;6 h累积降水的晴雨预报效果较好,TS评分可达到0.4。系统在初始起报时次的稳定性较差,从第3个起报时次开始逐渐稳定,但预报误差随着预报时效的增长逐渐增大,12 h内的预报误差较小,预报结果较可靠,在短时临近预报中具有参考价值。  相似文献   

20.
暴雨致洪预报系统及其评估   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
该文研发了基于CREST V2.1分布式水文模型的暴雨致洪预报系统,应用中国气象局降水业务产品,开展全国0.125°×0.125°的逐日洪水预报和区域30"×30"的逐时洪水预报。其中,全国洪水预报以松花江、辽河、海河、黄河、淮河、长江、东南诸河、珠江、西南诸河和西北诸河十大水资源分区的典型流域为研究对象,区域洪水预报以淮河流域为研究对象。以模拟和观测流量之间的效率系数为目标函数,采用SCE-UA方法分别对全国和区域洪水预报模型的参数分流域进行率定。评估参数率定前后模型对效率系数、相关系数和相对偏差的改进程度,并对参数率定后的模型进行检验。结果表明:率定后的模型能够重现控制水文站的实测洪水过程,与率定前相比,效率系数和相对偏差有显著改进,相关系数有较大改进。系统符合业务需求,具有较好的预报精度和时效性,具备业务应用能力。  相似文献   

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