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1.
星载雷达与地基雷达数据的个例对比分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用几何匹配法将TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)卫星搭载的测雨雷达(Precipitation Radar,PR)和上海地基雷达(Ground-based Radar,GR)有效照射体积的观测数据进行时空匹配,得到了2007年下半年3个时次上海地区的降水个例。考虑到PR与GR工作频率的不同,本文将S波段GR探测到的回波强度值调整为Ku波段PR探测到的回波强度值(称为Ku调整),进而比较PR和GR测量的反射率因子数值差异,并分析了不同降水类型和不同高度层的PR-GR偏差。结果表明:(1)PR和GR探测到的降水回波分布型大体一致,但PR探测到的降水回波强度普遍比GR探测到的大;(2)在零度层亮带以内及以下的PR与GR反射率因子资料具有较好的相关性;(3)由于GR的波束充塞效应及回波衰减,高层PR-GR平均偏差比低层大;(4)GR和PR的回波强度变化特征一致性在层云降水情况下优于对流降水情况;(5)整体而言,Ku调整使GR和PR数据更接近。 相似文献
2.
我国有近200部地基多普勒天气雷达,已经积累了近20年的观测数据,这些数据对雷达气候学研究非常重要。但由于不同雷达的标定误差不同,雷达之间存在观测值不一致性的现象（与美国的地基雷达类似）,有的反射率因子差异超过了3 dB。这种不一致影响了多雷达联合降水估计的精度和雷达组网临近预报的效果。为此,采用筛选比较法对地基雷达与TRMM/PR（Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission/Precipitation Radar）进行空间匹配和异常数据剔除,以TRMM/PR为参照计算并订正地基雷达偏差。对2013年5—9月长江下游7部S波段雷达数据订正后,结果表明:订正后7部雷达之间的平均反射率因子差异从1.8 dB降至0.5 dB,任意两部雷达之间的差异均小于1.0 dB,多雷达的观测一致性和空间连续性有明显改善。与传统的几何匹配法比较,筛选比较法订正结果相对稳定,不存在过量订正的问题。 相似文献
3.
为了研究星载测雨雷达和地基雷达探测数据存在差异的本质原因,将GPM（Global Precipitation Measurement Mission）星载双频测雨雷达（dual-frequency precipitation radar,DPR）和南京信息工程大学C波段双偏振雷达（CDP）的反射率因子进行时空匹配,并基于水凝物分类定量分析两者探测的相似性和差异性。结果表明:GPM DPR与CDP探测的反射率因子整体一致性较好,经过衰减订正和波段修正,两者的相关系数约为0.86,达到0.001显著性水平,均方根误差约为3.33 dB。基于T-矩阵法拟合C和Ku波段探测不同水凝物等效反射率因子的波段修正公式,在衰减订正基础上针对不同水凝物类型的回波进行波段修正,二者探测湿雪、霰、大滴和中雨回波的相关性较好;受干雪几何形状影响,探测干雪回波的相关性较低;探测大雨和冰晶回波的相关性较差。DPR中NS和HS模式探测存在差异,DPR NS模式对强回波敏感,而DPR HS模式对弱回波敏感。 相似文献
4.
《高原气象》2017,(6)
中国新一代天气雷达可以进行较大范围降水的定量估测,但相邻站雷达之间的资料可能存在不一致性而影响组网应用效果。将热带降雨测量卫星TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)上携带的降水雷达PR(Precipitation Radar)作为统一的参照,针对2010年5-8月份长江中下游降水天气期间PR与苏南三部(南京、常州、南通)雷达的7次匹配事件的资料进行一致性分析,并利用经质量控制后得到的比较适宜于对比分析的数据集建立订正关系,进行偏差订正,分析订正效果,并详细比较其中两次事件订正前后地基雷达数据之间的差异。结果表明:(1)南京雷达反射率因子强度比常州雷达低3.5 d B左右,常州比南通低0.9 d B左右,3 km高度的回波强度拼图存在明显不连续;(2)将TRM M PR作为参照,利用预处理后的雷达观测数据样本,计算得出南京、常州、南通各地基雷达与PR的差值,并进行偏差订正后,南京与常州、常州与南通之间的反射率因子差值减小成为0.3和0.2,拼图效果也明显改善。 相似文献
5.
以TRMM/PR反射率资料作参照,对常州、南京天气雷达反射率资料进行一致性订正,再利用中尺度模式ARPS及其数据同化系统ADAS对订正前、后的天气雷达反射率因子进行同化,模拟2013年6月25日和2010年8月24日江苏地区两次暴雨过程。两次暴雨过程均包括3组试验:控制试验和雷达资料订正前、后的同化试验。结果表明:(1)雷达反射率因子的同化很好地改进了模式初始湿度场,使降水预报在分布和强度上更接近实况;(2)雷达资料的订正进一步改进了反射率因子同化试验,并且通过调整初始湿度场和上升运动场(调整作用主要体现在前2~3 h内)改善了对降水的模拟预报,其结果证明雷达反射率因子的订正改善了雷达资料的质量。 相似文献
6.
地基雷达与TRMM/PR的一致性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天气雷达对中小尺度灾害性天气具有较强的监测预警能力,对研究中小尺度对流系统的云雨结构、理解降水内部的热力学和动力学过程有很大的帮助。单站点地基雷达受到诸如电磁波衰减、地物干扰等影响,在探测上存在一些限制。为了扩大天气雷达探测区域,需要采用多部天气雷达组网联合探测。然而雷达组网的各雷达之间没有进行统一标定,影响雷达网资料一致性、组网拼图,以及使雷达资料在数值模式同化的应用中受到限制。本文以TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)卫星搭载的经过精确标定的测雨雷达PR(Precipitation Radar)数据产品作为标准参照源,订正地基雷达GR(Ground-based Radar)的反射率因子偏差。为了减小PR与GR之间观测值对比的不一致性,利用最佳配对数据对比法(ABCD, Available Best Comparable Dataset法),对2008年1月至2014年9月间,江苏省六部地基雷达(南京、常州、连云港、南通、徐州、盐城)的反射率因子值进行订正。最后对方法的应用范围、存在的问题及未来展望进行了讨论。 相似文献
7.
通过对比星载DPR雷达与地基CINRAD雷达的降雨测量值,评估星地雷达联合应用的潜力。为了提高对比的准确性,在尽可能高的时空分辨率下,以几何匹配与格点匹配相结合的方式,提取星地雷达降水样本数据。2015年6月30日降水过程的对比分析结果表明:泰州、常州CINRAD雷达反射率因子在两站中分剖面的平均值偏差0.94 dB,地基雷达之间有很好的一致性;在DPR雷达与常州、泰州CINRAD雷达同时覆盖的降雨区域,星地之间雷达反射率因子的平均值偏差分别为-1.2 dB和-1.6 dB,显示星地雷达也有较好的一致性;现有DPR雷达陆上衰减订正算法在缩小星地雷达偏差方面起到一定作用,平均订正量0.4 dB,只要回波覆盖充分,匹配样本的高度以及其到地基雷达的距离对对比结果没有明显影响,而衰减订正和匹配样本区回波覆盖率是影响星地雷达对比结果的重要因素。 相似文献
8.
TRMM星载测雨雷达和地基雷达反射率因子数据的三维融合 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
TRMM卫星上的测雨雷达(TRMMPR)探测资料分布均匀且具有很高的垂直分辨率,但灵敏度较低;地基雷达(GR)水平分辨率较高且具有较高的灵敏度,但其垂直分辨率低。通过将TRMM PR与GR反射率因子数据的三维数据融合,得到了更优的反射率因子图像。测雨雷达与地基雷达三维数据融合主要分为以下几步:测雨雷达与地基雷达数据预处理——如去杂波、衰减校正;测雨雷达与地基雷达时空匹配;选取和应用合适的三维图像融合算法;对融合后的图像进行效果评估。试验结果表明:融合后的图像不仅增大了信息量,更好地检测弱降水,还提高了空间三维(3D)分辨率,能更好地反映降水区域细节,且使得数据总体上具有更高的完整性和可靠性。此外,还将基于雷达资料估测的降水数据与地面雨量计数据进行对比,估计反射率因子数据融合在降水测量上的有效性。 相似文献
9.
TRMM/PR与香港雷达资料对比分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
1999年8月23日，“Sam”台风在香港及其邻近地区造成暴雨。将热带降水测量卫星（TRMM）上降水雷达（PR）测到的降水率及雷达反射因子与香港雷达测量的相应值进行了对比分析，总的来说，它们之间有很好的一致性。在对比分析过程中，采取了两种方法：平均法和最佳匹配法。用最佳匹配法所得到的相关系数明显大于平均法。另外，当所测雨区与香港雷达距离小于100km时相关系数较大。PR测量的雷达反射因子大于香港雷达的测量值，两者的差值随距离的增加而增大。在PR测量的雷达反射因子小于20dB时，香港雷达测量值较大，反之PR测量值较大，两者之间的差值随PR测量值的增加而增大。 相似文献
10.
S波段天气雷达在夜间往往能探测到大量晴空回波。根据生物随风迁飞迁徙的定向运动特征,结合L波段无线电探空数据与2018年3—10月北京S波段天气雷达数据,分析晴空回波在不同时段、不同风向下的变化,讨论晴空回波产生原因。通过天气雷达数据发现,晴空回波的反射率因子在6—8月初明显小于5月与9月,呈回波强度低谷,同时在5月与9月晴空回波高度可达2 km以上。通过与100 m,750 m和1.5 km高度的探空风向数据对比,反射率因子平均值未展现生物定向迁飞活动所导致的强度变化特征,反射率因子分布不随风向发生明显的季节性变化。与探空数据对比发现,温度垂直递减率与水平风切变大小的变化趋势与组合反射率因子变化趋势一致,认为北京地区晴空回波主要由大气边界层湍流造成。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献