共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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一次典型层积云的飞机观测结果及与卫星资料的对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
飞机探测可直接获取云的微观结构特征量,但只是一些线段;卫星遥感资料可大范围监测云环境,但不是直接获得云参量,需要反演。因而开展云的飞机观测结果与卫星资料的对比分析是必要的。对1999月6月4日华北平原上一次层积云过程两个架次的飞机微物理探测资料进行了详细分析,并将飞机盘旋上升和下降取得的5次云参数垂直探测结果作为辐射传输模式SBDART2.4的输入,采取正演的方式与GMS5/VISSR、NOAA15/AVHRR反射通道的资料进行了对比分析。飞机探测显示层积云云厚约1000 m,云粒子浓度最大值425 cm-3,含水量最大值0.2 g/m3。第1架次云粒子浓度、含水量、有效半径的平均值为225±75 cm-3、0.08±0.03 g/m3、7.2±1.6μm,第2架次云粒子浓度、含水量、有效半径的平均值为196±73 cm-3、0.04±0.02 g/m3、4.9±1.4μm。按500 m垂直分层后,云粒子有效半径平均值为6.1±1.7μm,主体云层(1000—1500 m)柱含水量平均值为29.5±17.5 g/m2。敏感性试验表明当有云存在时,云的光学厚度是影响可见光通道反照率的主要因子,利用飞机探测云参数... 相似文献
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飞机观测是云中粒子相态、分布和转化特征的重要探测技术。我国云降水物理飞机观测开始于20世纪60年代,经过60多年的发展,在飞机平台、机载测量技术、云微物理结构和降水形成机制认识等方面均取得了长足进步。发现积层混合云中对流泡区具有更高的过冷水含量,凇附增长起重要作用,符合“播撒-供给”降水形成机制,而在层云区,当云厚度较小时,过冷水含量很少,冰雪晶的凝华、聚并增长起主导作用,并不符合“播撒-供给”降水形成机制,而当云厚度较大时,过冷水含量较为丰富,凝华、聚并和凇附增长起主导作用,基本符合“播撒-供给”降水形成机制;我国北方冬季降雪过程的形成机制主要是凝华-聚并机制,只有在水汽非常充足、云较厚的情况下,凇附增长过程才具有重要作用。近年虽然在人工影响天气播撒效应、数值模式云物理过程验证、卫星及雷达遥感数据检验、对流云结构观测等方面也取得了一些进展,但仍较薄弱,亟待加强。 相似文献
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KLWC-5含水量仪原理及在人工增雨中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
简要介绍了热线含水量仪的研究进展，讨论了目前人工增雨试验中使用的机载KLWC含水量仪的工作原理、显示模块及其在微物理探测中的应用。这些飞机观测数据资料有助于加深人们对云物理结构的了解，从而提高人工增雨作业效率。 相似文献
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根据飞机探测仪器观测到的云中粒子微观结构，结合卫星、雷达和常规天气资料，分析了人工增雨作业前后云的宏、微观物理结构和降水变化。结果表明，作业后影响区云中的冰晶浓度、雨滴直径比对比区有明显增加，云中过冷水减少；对比区降水回波强度和强回波区面积变化不大，而影响区最大回波强度增大,强回波区的面积扩大，降水增加。这与影响区云中降水粒子增多、直径增大是一致的，这些结果说明了液态CO2催化层状云的物理响应。 相似文献
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利用Droplet Measurement Technology(DMT)资料,分析了山西2008年7月17日降水性层积云的云微物理结构,通过对云中粒子浓度、平均直径、二维图像以及谱型分布变化,并结合宏观记录特征,详细分析了飞机上升和下降阶段云系的垂直结构特征。结果表明,飞机上升阶段云系为高积云,下降阶段云系为高积云—层积云结构,云粒子探头(Cloud Droplet Probe,CDP)和云粒子图像探头(Cloud Imaging Probe,CIP)测得粒子浓度偏大,最大浓度分别为236cm-3和9.74cm-3。层积云云中微物理量水平分布特征具有明显的不均匀性。飞机上升阶段降水的雨滴主要是冰粒子融化形成的,冷云过程占主导地位,在0℃层附近存在明显的融化层亮带。飞机下降阶段降水机制为高积云冷云过程和层积云暖云过程相结合。 相似文献
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Results of aircraft investigations of the microphysical structure and properties of an As-Cs cloud system in the Arctic are presented. Data were collected over the Beaufort Sea using the US National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) C-130 research aircraft. One of the modern sets of instruments was used to study the microphysical cloud structure. It was found that the clouds consisted of several layers of limited horizontal length. Spherical crystals were the prevailing habit. A decrease in their concentration with height decrease was discovered. Measurements of particle size spectra indicate their significant inhomogeneity. Spectra parametrization was carried out with the help of a gamma distribution for particles less smaller than 50 μm and exponential distribution for particles larger than 50 μm. 相似文献
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华北地区层状云微物理特性及气溶胶对云的影响 总被引：27，自引：3，他引：27
利用机载粒子探测系统(PMS,ParticleMeasurementSystem)对1990年9、10月和1991年4月的春秋两季层状云进行了云及降水的微物理特征探测,分析了云微观特征和垂直分布,初步探讨了气溶胶对云的影响。结果表明,华北地区层状云的基本特征为云滴数浓度79.2cm-3、液态含水量0.03g.m-3、有效直径11μm并有垂直差异;云下气溶胶数浓度与云滴数浓度两者之间存在正相关关系,但其定量关系还有待于进一步研究。 相似文献
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Phase Two of the Integrative Monsoon Frontal Rainfall Experiment (IMFRE-II) over the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River in 2020 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Phase Two of the Integrative Monsoon Frontal Rainfall Experiment(IMFRE-II)was conducted over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during the period 16 June to 19 July 2020.This paper provides a brief overview of the IMFRE-II field campaign,including the multiple ground-based remote sensors,aircraft probes,and their corresponding measurements during the 2020 mei-yu period,as well as how to use these numerous datasets to answer scientific questions.The highlights of IMFRE-II are:(1)to the best of our knowledge,IMFRE-II is the first field campaign in China to use ground-based,airborne,and spaceborne platforms to conduct comprehensive observations over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River;and(2)seven aircraft flights were successfully carried out,and the spectra of ice particles,cloud droplets,and raindrops at different altitudes were obtained.These in-situ measurements will provide a“cloud truth”to validate the ground-based and satellite-retrieved cloud and precipitation properties and quantitatively estimate their retrieval uncertainties.They are also crucial for the development of a warm(and/or cold)rain conceptual model in order to better understand the cloud-to-rain conversion and accretion processes in mei-yu precipitation events.Through an integrative analysis of ground-based,aircraft,and satellite observations and model simulations,we can significantly improve our cloud and precipitation retrieval algorithms,investigate the microphysical properties of cloud and precipitation,understand in-depth the formation and dissipation mechanisms of mei-yu frontal systems,and improve cloud microphysics parameterization schemes and model simulations. 相似文献
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Grard Brogniez Frdric Parol Laurianne Bcu Jacques Pelon Olivier Jourdan Jean-Franois Gayet Frdrique Auriol Christian Verwaerde Jean-Yves Balois Bahaiddin Damiri 《Atmospheric Research》2004,72(1-4):425
In the context of the next AQUA Train satellite experiment, airborne measurements were carried out to simulate satellite measurements. They were conducted between September 25 and October 12, 2001, off the coast of southern France over the Atlantic Ocean and over the Mediterranean Sea, respectively. During the intensive Field Radiation Experiment on Natural Cirrus and High-level clouds (FRENCH/DIRAC 2001), natural ice clouds were sampled from in situ and remote sensing measurements. On October 5 and 7, 2001, cirrus cloud decks were described by a complete data set acquired by: (i) in situ microphysical instruments onboard the TBM-700 aircraft: PMS probe, and Polar Nephelometer (ii) and downward-looking radiative instruments onboard the Mystère 20 aircraft: an infrared radiometer, a lidar, a visible imager with polarisation capabilities, and a middle infrared radiometer. Moreover, classical thermodynamical measurements were carried out onboard the Mystère 20. Mean microphysical characteristics of cirrus deck are derived from interpretation of remote sensing measurements. These properties are compared with those derived from in situ microphysical measurements in order to evaluate the radiative impact of natural cirrus clouds. 相似文献
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2007年秋季河北地区云微物理结构的飞机探测分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用2007年飞机探测资料,对河北地区云微物理结构进行了分析。结果表明,高层云底部云滴数大于中上部,随高度增加粒子直径增大。最大云中液态水含量为0.25g.m-3,底层平均云中液态水含量为0.025g.m-3。层积云中上部数浓度高于底部,云滴数浓度变化范围为10～80cm-3,云滴平均直径为7.56μm,总趋势随高度增加云滴直径先增大后减小。云滴谱变窄、双峰消失与含水量的起伏有一定的关系。综合增雨作业资料,发现有时预设的飞机作业高度并不是十分合理,在飞机性能条件允许的情况下,可以适当提高或降低作业高度,人工增雨的效果可能更好。鉴于作业层的温度,9月29日和13日可以考虑使用液氮或液态CO2等制冷剂进行催化。 相似文献
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降水性层云含水量跃变对应的微结构观测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用长春2007年5月16日的一次层状云降水过程的飞机观测资料,并结合天气图、卫星云图及雷达回波等资料,综合分析了此次降水过程中粒子浓度、粒子谱、雷达垂直累积液态水（vertical integrated liquidwater,VIL）、微波辐射计积分液态水（liquid water content,LWC）以及地面雨强特征。研究表明,层状云微结构在水平方向上的起伏较大,出现两次典型的含水量跃变：第1次液态水跃变主要是因为粒子浓度增加;第2次液态水跃变是因为粒子浓度和粒子谱共同作用的结果;雷达VIL值和地面雨强两者呈正相关。 相似文献
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A one-dimensional 3rd-order turbulence closure model with size-resolved microphysics and radiative transfer has been developed for investigating aerosol and cloud interactions of the stratocumulus-topped marine boundary layer. A new method is presented for coupling between the dynamical model and the mierophysical model. This scheme allows the liquid water related correlations to be directly calculated rather than parameterized. On 21 April 2001, a marine stratocumulus was observed by the Caesar aircraft over the west Pacific Rim south of Japan during the 2001 APEX/ACE-Asia field measurements. This cloud is simulated by the model we present here. The model results show that the general features of the stratocumulus-topped marine boundary layer predicted by the model are in agreement with the measurements. A new onboard cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) counter provides not only total CCN number concentration (as the traditional CCN counters do at a certain supersaturation) but also the CCN size distribution information. Using these CCN data, model responses to different CCN initial concentrations are examined. The model results are consistent with both observations and expectations.The numerical results show that the cloud microphysieal properties are changed fundamentally by different initial CCN concentrations but the cloud liquid water content does not differ significantly. Different initial CCN loadings have large impacts on the evolution of cloud microstructure and radiation transfer while they have a modest effect on thermodynamics. Increased CCN concentration leads to significant decrease of cloud effective radius. 相似文献
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飞机积冰云微物理特征分析及监测技术研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用7个架次有积冰报告的飞机探测资料,对积冰云的微物理特征进行了分析,详细描述了云中相态组成、液水含量、中值体积直径和过冷大滴浓度特征。介绍了基于卫星、数值模式输出和地面观测资料的飞机积冰潜势监测技术,在与20个飞机探测积冰报告对比中,积冰监测可识别率为90%,并应用飞机积冰潜势监测技术具体分析了2010年10月26日的积冰个例。最后介绍了基于积冰潜势监测技术的飞机积冰监测系统,该系统能够支持水平分辨率为20 km、垂直分辨率为25 hPa、时间分辨率为1 h的飞机积冰潜势产品的运算和显示,该系统可为实际业务提供参考。 相似文献
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THE MICROPHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF SNOW CLOUDS AND THE GROWTH PROCESS OF SNOW PARTICLES IN WINTER IN XINJIANG 
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下载免费PDF全文 The microphysical structure of snow clouds and the growth process of snow crystals were observed by means of instrumented aircraft,weather radar,snow crystal observations etc.in Urumqi region during the winter of 1982.The analysis of three cases show that about 70% of snow mass growth is produced in the lower layer below 2000 m under the cold front,and that the concentration of ice crystals is as high as 60 L-1 and the supercooled water is absent in lower clouds.We may infer that the deposition of ice crystals and the aggregation of snow crystals are important processes for the snow development.The microphysical structure of the snow band near the front aloft and its characteristics as a seeder cloud are also described in this paper. 相似文献