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1.
基于我国T213全球集合预报系统,设计了两种模式随机扰动方案,第一种方案对物理过程和动力过程积分总倾向项进行随机扰动(简称STPS),第二种方案仅对参数化的物理过程的积分倾向项进行随机扰动(简称SPPS).将两种方案分别引入模式进行数值试验,评估集合预报效果,分析随机扰动特征及扰动传播机制.结果表明:两种随机扰动方案对T213模式预报变量都产生了明显的影响,垂直方向和水平方向上,扰动值都随着积分时间增加而增长,中高纬地区尤为显著.两种方案的差异是STPS方案预报变量扰动值偏大;SPPS方案预报变量扰动值更为合理,SPPS的扰动大值中心随预报时效增加从低纬向中高纬传播,且总能量偏差具有从小尺度向大尺度传播的特征.与STPS方案相比,SPPS方案的集合预报离散度、集合平均的均方根误差在积分后期明显更有优势,高度场和风场的预报准确性提高,降水量预报技巧也得到明显的改进.表明SPPS方案能更加合理地体现模式物理过程的不确定性,在一定程度上提高集合预报系统的预报能力. 相似文献
2.
较系统地概述了中国气象局全球/区域集合预报系统及描述模式初值和模式自身不确定性的集合预报扰动技术发展历程,回顾了GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation Pr Ediction System)全球集合预报的奇异向量初值扰动方法、GRAPES区域集合预报的集合变换卡尔曼滤波初值扰动方法和多尺度混合初值扰动方法、GRAPES全球/区域集合预报模式不确定性的随机物理过程倾向项扰动方法和动能后向散射随机补偿方法等研究成果,介绍了GRAPES全球/区域集合预报业务系统构建参数设置和预报性能,最后分析了GRAPES全球/区域集合预报中存在的问题,展望了未来发展方向。 相似文献
3.
集合预报方法是解决单一数值预报不确定性问题的有效手段,而针对强天气预报的中尺度区域集合预报技术已逐渐受到国内外的重视。对于区域集合预报而言,由于其不确定性来源较为复杂,如何发展有效的扰动方法是研究的热点和难点。本文根据国内外区域集合预报的研究进展,从初值扰动、模式扰动以及侧边界扰动三个方面进行了总结和回顾,并对扰动方法的发展趋势进行了介绍。对于初值扰动,较为主流的方法有动力降尺度,沿用传统的由全球集合扰动方法发展而来的技术为区域集合产生初值,以及专门为区域集合设计的扰动方法。鉴于这些方法各有利弊,目前对于初值扰动方法的研究已经开始发展充分包含大尺度和小尺度不确定性信息的混合扰动方法。区域集合预报模式扰动的研究以物理过程扰动为主,典型方法为多物理过程组合以及随机物理过程扰动,其中多物理过程组合方法简单有效,而随机物理过程扰动方法的物理意义更为明确,是物理过程扰动的趋势。通过多模式组合进行模式扰动的方法也开展了一些相关研究,且对于台风等强天气预报均显示出相对于单模式集合较好的效果。侧边界扰动的主流方法是由大尺度集合预报场来为区域集合提供不同的侧边界,研究结果表明此种侧边界扰动方法简便易行,且有助于提高区域集合预报较长预报时效离散度和预报技巧。 相似文献
4.
土壤湿度初值对边界层物理量预报影响的分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
使用全球中期数值预报模式T213L31,对不同的土壤湿度初值对边界层物理量预报的影响进行敏感试验分析。试验表明土壤湿度初值的准确性非常重要,其变化导致模式计算的感热通量、潜热通量、地表温度和2m温度发生较大变化。而当使用与观测值相近的土壤湿度初值时得到的边界层物理量(如2m温度)更加准确。通过使用固定值与6h预报的背景场加权平均作为土壤湿度的初值,改进原有采用固定值的方法,经过检验模式系统,2m温度的预报误差明显减小。 相似文献
5.
基于GRAPES_Meso的集合预报扰动方案设计与比较 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
基于GRAPES_Meso区域集合预报系统,设计了三种集合预报扰动方案,即多初值、多初值多物理、多初值多物理多边值,并针对三种方案进行了连续一个月的批量试验,重点分析了2008年7月23日江淮暴雨过程.结果表明,对于降水预报,三种集合扰动方案均相对于控制预报均有所改善,多初值多物理与多初值多物理多边值方案对小雨、中雨预报改进效果显著,对暴雨预报略有改进;多初值方案仅能产生有限的集合离散度且难以增长,引入物理参数方案扰动及边界条件扰动能显著提高集合离散度,改善各物理量场的预报效果;通过比较,多初值多物理多边值为最优方案.该批量试验表明,模式物理过程及边界条件是影响GRAPES _Meso区域集合预报不确定性的不可忽视因素. 相似文献
6.
基于全球交互式大集合(TIGGE)预报资料,研究利用TIGGE全球集合预报大尺度不确定信息,构造区域GRAPES集合预报的初值扰动方法和试验方案,并对2008年7月22日发生在黄淮地区的一次暴雨过程进行了集合预报试验.试验结果表明:构造的初值扰动场能够表征TIGGE全球集合预报初值中的大尺度不确定信息,区域GRAPES集合预报系统可以捕获极端降水天气,对降水预报具有显著的改进作用,集合预报平均及降水概率预报能有效地反映暴雨降水特点,暴雨发生概率较高的区域与实况对应关系较好.积分初期,暴雨的预报一致性(集合离散度)和预报技巧(集合平均预报均方根误差)之间的关系显示了区域GRAPES集合预报系统是合理的,但积分后期,由于模式在积分过程中的动力调整作用,减小了初值扰动对预报结果的影响,限制了集合离散度的增长速度. 相似文献
7.
《干旱气象》2016,(6)
应用WRF V3.6模式,对陕、晋、冀、鲁4省2013年7月12—13日的一次大范围暴雨过程,从初值、侧边界和物理过程扰动出发进行了集合预报研究。结果表明:(1)物理过程扰动对此次降水的影响最大,初值扰动在积分初期影响较大,而后逐渐减弱,而侧边界扰动随着时间积分向模拟区域中心传播并逐步增大;(2)物理过程扰动、初值扰动的集合预报分别对小雨和大雨及以上量级降水预报最优,而侧边界扰动的集合预报对中雨和暴雨及以上量级的降水预报最优;(3)从集合预报的离散度分析得出,物理过程扰动的集合预报最优,其次是侧边界扰动,初值扰动最差;(4)同时考虑3种不确定性的集合预报,总体上好于单个因子扰动的集合预报,使模式的降水预报效果得到显著改善。 相似文献
8.
该文简要介绍了中国气象局国家气象中心研发的区域中尺度集合预报系统主要技术特点:在初值扰动技术方面,通过研究中国地区中尺度模式预报误差快速增长特点、中国地形地貌特征与观测资料的分布情况,研发适合于中尺度模式的增长模繁殖法扰动技术构造初值场;分析数值模式物理过程参数化方案内在的不确定性以及对强对流天气和近地面要素预报的差异,确定多物理过程扰动技术方案。解决全球集合预报扰动信息向中尺度集合预报输入的关键技术,实现中尺度区域集合预报系统与全球中期集合预报系统的嵌套。在模式后处理方面,解决中尺度集合预报结果的偏差订正技术;开发满足多种需求的多要素、多层次概率预报产品和概率预报检验产品。在世界天气研究计划"2008年北京奥运会中尺度集合预报研究开发项目"3年实时预报试验比较评价中,中国气象局国家气象中心区域中尺度集合预报系统总体预报能力与国外同类系统相当。 相似文献
9.
2003年汛期淮河流域降水的集合预测试验研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用并行化全球中期数值预报模式MPGM,对2003年夏季淮河流域特大降水作了集合预报试验。试验中提出一种繁殖循环初始扰动生成方法,产生9个集合成员的初值场,利用该初值集合对这次降水过程进行了集合模拟,然后对集合预报试验的结果同对照试验进行了对比分析,并对降水期间的物理量场及降水情况的模拟结果进行了分析。结果表明:集合预报试验的结果优于不加扰动的对照试验的结果,说明集合预报技术在一定程度上能够减小甚至消除数值预报中的不确定性,提高数值预报的精度;集合预报试验较好地模拟出了降水期间的物理量场与天气形势,并对此次降水情况作了较好的预报,可以对降水预报提供有益的参考。 相似文献
10.
中尺度多模式超级集合预报对2010年6月19—20日中国南方大暴雨过程的分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
运用BGM扰动方案,基于ARPS和WRF模式并采用不同的物理过程参数化方案建立了一个多模式、多初值、多物理过程的中尺度超级集合预报系统,并针对2010年6月19—20日的一次华南强降水过程进行分析。结果表明:该超级集合预报系统能很好模拟这次对初值及物理过程都非常敏感的强降水过程。相对于单一确定性预报而言,该超级集合预报能显著提高预报时效,能比控制预报提前24～36小时捕捉到强降水信息。并且该集合预报优于单一模式或者单一物理过程参数化的集合预报。对本次过程而言,集合平均对物理过程参数化方面带来的不确定性的改进比对模式不确定性方面的改进大得多。对于暴雨预报而言,低层的形势场对初值及物理过程的扰动比高层要敏感得多,这也是造成这次过程各个成员预报好坏的重要原因之一。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献