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1.
利用自动站观测资料、多普勒雷达资料、ERA5 0.25 °×0.25 °再分析资料及WRF数值模拟资料，对2018年5月19—20日发生在重庆武陵山区一次暖区暴雨过程中尺度环境条件及中小尺度对流系统演变、触发和维持机制等进行分析。结果表明:（1）此次过程无明显冷空气强迫，斜压性弱，边界层高温高湿，对流层中下层存在明显条件不稳定层结；（2）石桥强降水中小尺度对流系统演变主要有3个阶段:分散对流组织成东西向带状对流、带状对流断裂后雨团准静止维持、东北-西南向带状对流快速重建；（3）沿武陵山脉分布的边界层辐合线触发雷暴发生，强回波单体沿辐合线移动和加强，形成“列车效应”；（4）石桥东部山顶雷暴冷池出流下山，与环境暖湿气流和地形作用共同维持石桥强降水；（5）山区地形对降水有重要影响，近地面偏东风与石桥西部山体相互作用形成局地气旋性小涡旋触发降水，而受到石桥东部山体阻挡作用，地形性涡旋移速变慢，利于强降水维持。 相似文献
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利用自动站观测资料、FY-2G卫星资料和多普勒雷达等资料,对发生在副热带高压影响下的重庆局地强风暴过程进行了观测和数值模拟分析,探讨了其中尺度对流系统(MCS)演变,抬升触发和维持机制。结果表明:(1)在副热带高压影响下,重庆处于高温、高湿气团中,大气层结极不稳定;(2)此次局地风暴抬升触发的关键因子是地面附近浅薄边界层中尺度辐合线,辐合线由川渝盆地中西部MCS的雷暴高压与重庆地面热低压共同作用形成;(3)中尺度辐合线触发的对流风暴形成小范围冷池出流与环境风场形成新的辐合线,加强对流风暴发展,并再次触发新的对流单体。承载层平均风为偏南风,使得对流单体向北缓慢移动,冷池出流和边界层辐合线共同作用使得风暴单体向西向北传播和长时间维持。 相似文献
3.
基于ERA5再分析资料、广东省风廓线雷达、雷达拼图产品和实况观测数据, 分析了2020年6月7日夜间-8日珠三角(珠江三角洲)北部暖区强降水过程中主雨带与南岭南部地形走势一致的原因, 阐释地形对此次强降水的触发和维持作用。结果表明: (1)此次过程发生在典型的暖区暴雨环流特征的背景下, 主要影响系统为对流层中层弱短波槽扰动、低空急流和边界层急流脉冲等; (2)雷达回波表现为团状结构, 多以对流单体形态生消, 伴随明显的"列车效应"现象, 但3个不同发展阶段内回波的持续时间、强度, 以及触发地、传播和移动方向等均存在差异; (3)由于边界层西南(偏南)风增强和地形作用, 新的对流单体在珠江口附近和珠三角西北侧被触发, 同时由于南岭南侧地形对边界层暖湿气流的阻挡和拦截等作用, 使得气流在珠三角北部形成明显的辐合抬升, 造成该区域内对流单体移速减慢和汇聚, 增强了降水强度; (4)强降水长时间的持续与海陆热力差异、冷池和边界层暖湿气流增强等引起的地面露点锋和中尺度辐合线有关。露点锋为强降水的发展和维持提供了热力不稳定条件, 地面辐合线加强了对流层底层气流的辐合抬升, 进一步增强了强降水区的降水强度。研究结果有助于认识珠三角北部暖区强降水过程中地形的重要作用, 为今后该区域防灾减灾提供气象理论支撑。 相似文献
4.
2019年超强台风“利奇马”引发浙江特大暴雨过程分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用NCEP FNL 0.25°×0.25°的再分析资料和浙江省中尺度气象站降水资料,从产生强降水的条件来对“利奇马”特大暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:(1)强降水主要集中在近台风中心的西南部分及其稍远的北部,其中近台风中心为眼壁降水,北部为螺旋云带降水;(2)850~925 hPa水汽通量辐合中心与暴雨落区一致,水汽辐合强度差异是造成台风眼壁强降水落区差异的关键;(3)台风强度大时近中心上升运动强烈,正垂直螺旋度中心值的减小和中心下降对应强降水的发生,低层正螺旋度和高层负螺旋度中心的重叠区对对流性降水落区有一定的指示;(4)本次过程地形增益最明显地区在台州北部,在水汽条件处于劣势情况下出现降水副中心。 相似文献
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利用区域气象站、海岛站、测风塔、风廓线和多普勒天气雷达等多种非常规观测以及NCEP/NCAR 0.25°×0.25°再分析资料,对2017年6月22日凌晨广东西部沿海发生的一次预报失败的局地特大暴雨过程的成因进行了综合诊断,重点探讨了局地海陆风和地形(相互)作用对该过程的影响。结果表明:(1)暴雨发生在弱天气尺度环流背景下,华南地区无锋面和高空槽活动,边界层超低空偏南急流为暴雨提供了不稳定能量,不同性质下垫面的热力差异导致天露山山前形成海陆风(偏南)与偏北风的中尺度辐合线,致使初始对流在关键区触发。(2)偏南暖湿气流向北推进受阻后,在天露山地形强迫抬升下对流增强发展成中尺度对流系统(MCS),下垫面热力差异在山前强迫产生的中尺度垂直切变与降水之间可能存在正反馈现象,延长β中尺度对流系统生命史。(3)中尺度辐合线上不断激发的对流云团,形成降水的列车效应,导致了这场罕见的局地特大暴雨过程,凸显海陆风环流对本次暖区暴雨的重要作用。(4)该过程发生前,所有业务客观数值预报模式均未预报出明显降水,数值模式难以做出暖区尤其是弱天气背景下的暴雨以上降水预报,目前的监测和短时临近预警是主要手段。 相似文献
6.
利用常规观测、加密自动站降水及NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,结合铜仁多普勒雷达观测资料对2015年7月14日夜间发生在贵州省松桃县的一次局地特大暴雨进行分析,结果发现:此次局地特大暴雨是发生在中层500 h Pa中低纬"ω"环流型稳定形势下;低层高湿高能环境为暴雨提供了充足的水汽和能量;地面弱冷空气入侵激发了对流的产生,是产生强降水的触发条件;梵净山地形对气流既有抬升又有增强气流辐合的作用,对流单体不断在其迎风坡产生;雷达回波显示对流回波单体沿着地面中尺度辐合线生成、发展、合并、移动和消亡,出现了明显的列车效应,地面辐合线对对流单体起着组织、加强和引导作用;暴雨区位于850 h Pa暖式切变线南侧、地面冷锋前部、地面中尺度辐合线北侧,而地面中尺度辐合线北侧1~1.5个纬距内是强降水的主要落区。 相似文献
7.
利用常规观测、地面自动站加密观测资料、NCEP(0.25°×0.25°)再分析资料以及多普勒雷达资料等,对2016年9月24日发生在内蒙古东南部一次致灾飑线天气过程进行分析。结果表明:(1)中高层干冷空气扩散东南下与低层西南急流的辐合急剧加强为强飑线提供了非常有利的大尺度环流背景;(2)对流有效位能(CAPE)在强对流爆发前有明显跃升;假相当位温(θse)中低层分布呈显著的倒漏斗状,而且随高度增高递减率明显增大,这种上干下湿的层结有利于雷暴大风和冰雹等强对流天气产生;(3)地面中尺度露点锋(干线)和中尺度辐合线长时间维持、耦合并加强成为这次强对流天气的直接触发和维持机制;飑线后部一直维持雷暴高压,表明有地面大风存在;(4)雷达回波伴有弓形回波特征,低层呈现有界弱回波区(BWER),中高层有明显的回波悬垂,50～55 dBz强回波区延伸到7.5 km,表明对流风暴内有强烈的上升气流,有利于短时强降水和大冰雹的形成;(5)弓形回波径向速度剖面图上存在中层径向辐合(MARC)。 相似文献
8.
“5.7”广州局地突发特大暴雨中尺度特征及成因分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
2017年5月7日广州局地突发特大暴雨,降水集中爆发于广州北部复杂地形区,单点小时雨量大、强降雨持续时间长。然而降水发生于副热带高压边缘、无明显的低空急流等天气系统配合,为弱强迫背景下的华南前汛期暴雨,加之珠三角地形复杂,其触发和组织维持机制等问题引起了气象科研和预报工作者的广泛关注。针对其降水特点,采用5 min自动气象站观测、分钟雨量、风廓线雷达、葵花8号气象卫星红外等高时空分辨率观测数据探讨中尺度对流系统的触发和组织维持过程,发现:中纬度入海高压南侧偏东风和低层切变系统为珠三角边界层南风风速辐合提供了有利的天气背景,喇叭口地形增强了风速辐合。小尺度地形辐射降温配合城市热岛在山前形成高温度梯度区,山风与南风对峙使地面辐合线在山前移速变慢有助于热带云团的生成。地形阻挡抬升和高温度梯度加强上升运动,南风风速脉动使云团迅速向山前移动,最终对流爆发。以暖云降水为主的对流系统产生弱冷池驱动对流系统连续传播,使强降水回波面积增大并在小尺度地形影响下稳定位于增城附近,产生极端小时雨强;中尺度对流系统的单体移动方向和传播方向近乎相反导致系统移动非常缓慢,后向传播明显,最终导致长时间强降水。 相似文献
9.
2017年广州“5·7”暖区特大暴雨的中尺度系统和可预报性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2017年5月7日广州发生了特大暴雨,各家确定性业务预报模式均漏报了此次过程。本文利用常规观测资料和广州天气雷达资料对此次暖区特大暴雨过程的天气尺度背景、中尺度系统演变和可预报性进行了详细分析,同时通过分析ECMWF集合预报中成功预报出广州周边地区出现局地强降水与预报了弱降水的成员间的差异,探讨影响本次大暴雨发生的关键触发因子。结果表明：2017年“5·7”大暴雨的环境条件和动力强迫较弱,在弱风场环境下,冷高压后部东南风或偏南风回流,经过城市热岛区域,转为偏暖气流,与山坡下滑冷气流在山前一带形成的水平风场辐合,结合山前强水平温度梯度,共同触发了初生对流单体。其后,雷暴出流和边界层暖湿气流形成的辐合线又触发新生单体,并使已减弱的降水单体重新加强产生第二阶段强降水。前两个阶段的局地特大暴雨分别是由稳定少动的块状强回波单体发展到嵌有中涡旋的强单体和较长生命史的弱HP型超级单体造成的,第三阶段的大暴雨是由向南传播合并新生单体并随短波槽东移的带状回波造成;三个阶段成熟回波垂直结构上均呈低质心暖云降水的特点。由ECMWF集合预报成功预报出局地强降水与弱降水成员之间的差异可见,加强的温度梯度及地面风场辐合可能是本次局地强降水的重要触发因子。短期时效内数值模式难以做出暖区尤其是弱风场环境下暴雨以上降水预报,目前的监测和短时临近预警是主要手段。 相似文献
10.
2017年“5.7”广州特大暴雨的中尺度特征分析与成因初探 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7
2017年5月7日发生在广州北部的特大暴雨,局地性强,最大雨强达184.4 mm/h,3 h雨量突破了广东省历史极值,强降水持续时间长,具有明显的中尺度特征。特大暴雨有A区（花都）和B区（增城、黄埔）两个中心,它们在降水特点、地面中尺度特征及触发、对流的发展演变等方面各有特点。由于天气尺度强迫背景弱,数值模式无明显反映,给预报带来了很大的挑战。利用常规及加密自动站、多普勒雷达、风廓线、地基GPS等非常规观测资料,结合ERA-Interim 0.125 °×0.125 °逐6 h再分析资料重点分析和讨论了此次过程的中尺度特征、对流的触发与演变,以期为今后这类暴雨预报提供着眼点。结果表明:（1）此次过程突发性强,降水强度大,A区降水开始时间早,范围较B区小,但B区小时雨强更强,强降水持续时间更长;（2）次天气尺度边界层“7”字型的风压场形势下,脊后回流并加强的偏南风使暖层和湿层增厚,“下密上疏”的温度垂直结构,为强降水的发生提供了有利的环境条件。进入对流云中水汽质量无异常但产生了大量降水,极高的降水效率很可能是对流系统内部云水高效转化的结果,云的微物理过程在形成此次高强度的降水发挥着重要作用;（3）A区强降水发生前暖空气在山前堆积造成升温升压,东、西两支绕流广州城区的气流汇合并在工业区暖中心、山前暖空气堆积具有较高的对流边界层位置触发了对流;（4）B区强降水发生前持续降压并形成中尺度低压槽,A区中尺度对流系统前方入流造成的负变压,与地形强迫造成的风速辐合共同作用触发了B区对流。中尺度反气旋底部的偏北风与偏南、东南两支气流辐合稳定,使强降水长时间维持;（5）回波具有后向传播,垂直顶高低、质心低的热带对流回波特征,降水效率高。降水的拖曳下沉及蒸发冷却使边界层形成冷池,并与前侧暖湿空气相互作用,不断激发新的对流,冷池出流是持续抬升机制,是强降水持续时间长的重要原因。B区冷池厚度、暖湿气流爬升的高度与坡度比A区更大,冷池出流与暖湿气流辐合强度也比A区更强,造成B区雨强更强、持续时间更长,累积雨量更大。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
16.
17.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献