共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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GRAPES_GFS中三维参考大气的研究:理论设计和理想试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
参考大气的选取对于半隐式半拉格朗日（Semi-Implicit Semi-Lagrangian,简称SISL）模式动力框架的计算精度至关重要。中国气象局数值预报中心自主研发的GRAPES_GFS（Global Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System,Global Forecast System）采用基于等温大气构造的一维参考大气,该方法求解简单、易于实现,但无量纲气压和位势温度扰动量的数量级较大,降低空间计算精度的同时,由于非线性项较大,使得时间计算精度较低。借鉴近年来世界上各主要业务中心的数值模式框架搭建方法,拟在GRAPES_GFS的动力框架中引入不随时间变化且满足静力平衡的三维参考大气,使得积分过程中参考大气可以尽量地靠近模式大气,提高空间计算精度的同时,减小非线性项的数量级,进而提高时间积分的计算精度。本研究重新推导了引入三维参考大气之后模式动力学方程组的求解过程,通过若干个理想试验验证了理论方法以及代码实现的正确性,说明新的三维参考大气可以有效地提高模式动力框架的计算精度。 相似文献
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沈学顺 苏勇 胡江林 王金成 孙健 薛纪善 韩威 张红亮 陆慧娟 张华 陈起英 刘艳 刘奇俊 马占山 金之雁 李兴良 刘琨 赵滨 周斌 龚建东 陈德辉 王建捷 《应用气象学报》2017,28(1):1-10
该文回顾了中国气象局全球中期数值天气预报系统GRAPES_GFS的研发历程,重点介绍了近年来在GRAPES_GFS研发过程中的重要进展,概要阐述了这些进展对GRAPES_GFS业务:化的贡献。动力框架方面的改进主要包括位温垂直平流的算法、极区滤波方案、标量平流方案、垂直速度衰减（damping）算法、提高模式分辨率等,改善了模式框架的稳定性、计算精度以及质量守恒性。物理过程方面的改进主要包括RRTMG辐射方案、CoLM陆面过程方案、积云对流、边界层过程、双参数云物理方案,以及物理过程的调用计算等,全面提升了模式物理过程的预报能力。全球三维变分同化方面,研发了模式空间三维变分（3DVar）系统、资料质量控制和偏差订正技术、卫星资料同化方面的相关技术等。同时,对目前GRAPES_GFS2.0的预报能力进行了评估,总体来说,该系统各项预报指标全面超越GRAPES_GFS1.0,与T639相比等压面要素预报在对流层也有明显优势,降水、2 m温度等预报也优势明显。 相似文献
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GRAPES_GFS中三维参考大气的研究：参考态构造和实际预报试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
GRAPES_GFS（Global Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System, Global Forecast System）采用基于等温大气构造的一维参考大气,前期的研究工作已在GRAPES_GFS的动力框架中引入了三维参考大气,并通过一系列理想试验检验了新方法的正确性以及计算精度。本部分研究工作,主要针对实际资料的预报试验,对比分析了不同三维参考态给定方法的优劣,并采用气候平均法,进行夏季两个月的四维变分循环预报试验。检验结果显示,使用三维参考大气后,模式的综合预报性能得到了提升,对流层高度场、温度场的预报偏差有所减小,长期积分过程中模式质量损失较为严重的问题也得到了明显的缓解。另外,通过动能谱的对比也可以看到使用三维参考大气后,模式在高层的能量耗散明显较小,能谱变化与观测更加吻合。 相似文献
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本文通过分析2017年9~12月四川地区ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting)细网格模式、GRAPES_GFS(Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System)全球模式和西南区域模式(South West Center-WRF ADAS Real-time Modeling System, SWCWARMS)2m温度168h预报时效内的系统性偏差特征,采用滑动双权重平均法分别对三种模式温度预报产品进行偏差订正,并集成得到各时效2m温度的订正场,结果表明:(1)三种模式的预报存在明显的日变化,整体上EC模式的预报最优。(2)三种模式对于低温和高温的预报,在全省均大致呈现负的系统性误差,特别在高原及过渡区表现的尤为明显。(3)订正后三种模式的预报准确率显著提高,均方根误差减小1.4~2.5℃,大部分地区平均误差维持在±0.5℃之间,在系统性偏差较大的地区,订正效果更好。(4)两种集成方案预报结果接近,且均优于三种模式的订正预报。 相似文献
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数值模式误差订正方法初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鉴于大气系统的复杂性,实际的大气运动方程包含许多数学简化。这些简化的方程组虽能模拟大气运动的主要特征,但无法揭示天气演变的所有细节,这将导致数值模式的预报能力受到极大限制。只有完善大气运动方程本身的确定性框架,才能从根本上减少预报误差。若无其他手段的帮助,仅依靠推导方法获取大气运动过程中的所有微分表达式将十分困难。演化算法具有自适应、自组织特征,它能处理复杂的数学问题,可从观测资料所蕴含的丰富信息中挖掘系统的动力学。本文结合演化建模的智能算法,提出了一种数值模式的误差订正方案,并以一维典型混沌系统Logistic模型为例,探讨了误差订正方案的有效性。数值试验结果表明该方法对模式误差有较强的反演能力,值得进一步深入研究。 相似文献
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动力延伸(月)数值天气预报中的信息提取和减小误差试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用一个全球谱模式通过较多个例的月数值天气预报试验,研究了预报结果的有用信息提取问题.模式预报误差的谱分析表明,纬向平均(零波)场误差占很大比例,试验了两种用气候倾向改善纬向平均(零波)场误差的方案,一是对逐日预报结果进行订正,二是在积分过程中进行订正,两种方案都取得了一定成效. 相似文献
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PRM标量平流方案在GRAPES全球预报系统中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
如何更好地模拟水物质的分布,对于数值天气预报效果的改进,特别是对于更好地模拟降水过程,具有重要的意义。半拉格朗日模式中的标量平流计算要求做到高精度、守恒、正定和保形,但GRAPES_GFS (Global-Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System, Global Forecast System) 中采用的QMSL(Quasi-Monotone Semi-Lagrangian)平流方案在水汽的强梯度、不连续区域计算精度较低,且不能做到严格守恒。本研究借鉴计算流体力学领域的研究进展,将一个基于分段有理函数的物质平流方案PRM(Piecewise Rational Method)引入GRAPES_GFS中,按照通量形式求解水汽方程,并对极区进行了混合等技术处理。通过一系列理想试验对两种平流方案进行了对比,证明了PRM方案精度较高,特别是在水汽梯度大的区域优势明显,频散、耗散误差较小,守恒、保形性也要好于QMSL方案。通过对GRAPES_GFS中批量预报试验效果的检验,验证了PRM方案可以有效地改进模式对水物质分布的模拟,提高了降水的预报效果,对模式综合预报性能的提升也有明显作用。 相似文献
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基于GRAPES (Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System)模式的GRAPES_RAFS (Rapid Analysis and Forecast System)系统是一个向前的间歇性同化分析的分析系统,能将多种高时空分辨率的观测资料充分利用起来,同时也是一个不断更新数值预报产品的中尺度数值预报系统.本文从该系统的结构、流程所涉及的各技术环节进行阐述,通过与业务GRAPES_MESO的预报效果对比分析对该系统的短时临近预报能力以及影响该系统短临预报性能的关键技术进行研究.研究结果表明:利用我国新一代数值预报系统GRAPES模式及GRAPES_3Dvar建立的全国稠密资料快速更新同化分析预报系统(GRAPES_RAFS系统)具有一定短时临近预报能力.同化系统的背景误差协方差准确描述、模式系统动力框架及物理过程精确度的提高能有效提高该系统的预报能力,而局地稠密资料的合理使用是该系统提供高质量预报的另一个关键技术,在资料相对稀少的情况下,该系统的短临预报性能面临严重挑战. 相似文献
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Designed for grid point systems, the traditional semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit scheme is not mass-conserving and can lead to significant solution errors. In the present study, a finite-volume semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit scheme (hereafter “FVSLSI”) is designed for the Yin-Yang mesh and tested in a barotropic shallow water model in the spherical coordinate system. Three test cases, i.e. the advection of a solid body, a steady state nonlinear zonal geostrophic flow and the deformation flow, are simulated to compare the performance of the FVSLSI with that of the traditional semi-Lagrangian scheme (hereafter “SL”) from perspectives of shape preservation, mass conservation, normalized bias, and convergence rate. Results indicate that the FVSLSI performs better than the SL in mass conservation and shape preservation. The bias by the FVSLSI is smaller than that by the SL, while the rate of convergence by the FVSLSI is larger than that by the SL. The FVSLSI also allows large time step. Therefore, the FVSLSI is suggested to be distributed to communities that are developing atmospheric/oceanic models. 相似文献
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Jincheng WANG Xingwei JIANG Xueshun SHEN Youguang ZHANG Xiaomin WAN Wei HAN Dan WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(1):44-61
The ocean surface wind(OSW) data retrieved from microwave scatterometers have high spatial accuracy and represent the only wind data assimilated by global numerical models on the ocean surface, thus playing an important role in improving the forecast skills of global medium-range weather prediction models. To improve the forecast skills of the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System Global Forecast System(GRAPES＿GFS), the HY-2B OSW data is assimilated into the GRAPES＿GFS four-dimensio... 相似文献
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卫星微波仪器的辐射率资料,由于兼具卫星观测的全天空优势和微波观测的全天候特性,成为数值天气预报系统同化的日益重要的角色。微波成像仪作为被动微波辐射计的重要一类,其在数值预报中的应用潜力亟待进一步的检验和更充分的挖掘。针对全球水循环变化观测卫星GCOM-W上搭载的第2代先进微波扫描辐射计AMSR2的10个通道,建立了半径200 km的稀疏化方案;研发了包含9项检验的质量控制方案,对于污染低频通道观测的太阳耀光现象和无线电信号干扰等因素进行屏蔽;设计基于经典预报因子的偏差订正方案,对仪器系统偏差进行有效的校正;采用基于变分同化后验估计的观测误差统计,克服了观测误差难以准确估计的问题。通过以上方法,GCOM-W AMSR2共有10个通道辐射率资料在中国自主研发的全球/区域同化预报系统（CMA_GFS,原名为GRAPES_GFS）3.0版的四维变分同化系统（4DVar）中实现了直接同化应用。1个月的批量试验证明,同化GCOM-W AMSR2后,CMA_GFS湿度分析场得到了一定的改进,各量级定量降水中期预报评分有所提高,同时,GCOM-W AMSR2辐射率直接同化对CMA_GFS南半球和赤道地区预报有明显正贡献。研究证实AMSR2能够很好地弥补常规观测资料稀疏区的资料匮乏,发挥水汽敏感特性,改进湿度分析和降水预报的技巧。 相似文献
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Improvement of the semi-Lagrangian advection scheme in the GRAPES model: Theoretical analysis and idealized tests 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ABSTRACT The Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System （GRAPES） is the newgeneration numerical weather predic- tion （NWP） system developed by the China Meteorological Administration. It is a fully compressible non-hydrostatical global/regional unified model that uses a traditional semi-Lagrangian advection scheme with cubic Lagrangian interpola tion （referred to as the SL_CL scheme）. The SL_CL scheme has been used in many operational NWP models, but there are still some deficiencies, such as the damping effects due to the interpolation and the relatively low accuracy. Based on Reich＇s semi-Lagrangian advection scheme （referred to as the R2007 scheme）, the Re_R2007 scheme that uses the low- and high-order B-spline function for interpolation at the departure point, is developed in this paper. One- and two-dimensional idealized tests in the rectangular coordinate system with uniform grid cells were conducted to compare the Re..R2007 scheme and the SL_CL scheme. The numerical results showed that： （1） the damping effects were remarkably reduced with the Re_R2007 scheme; and （2） the normalized errors of the Re_R2007 scheme were about 7.5 and 3 times smaller than those of the SL_CL scheme in one- and two-dimensional tests, respectively, indicating the higher accuracy of the Re..R2007 scheme. Furthermore, two solid-body rotation tests were conducted in the latitude-longitude spherical coordinate system with non uniform grid cells, which also verified the Re_R2007 scheme＇s advantages. Finally, in comparison with other global advection schemes, the Re_R2007 scheme was competitive in terms of accuracy and flow independence. An encouraging possibility for the application of the Re_R2007 scheme to the GRAPES model is provided. 相似文献
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Yihe Fang Haishan Chen Zhiqiang Gong Fangshu Xu Chunyu Zhao 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2017,31(6):1085-1095
Based on summer precipitation hindcasts for 1991–2013 produced by the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model (BCC_CSM), the relationship between precipitation prediction error in northeastern China (NEC) and global sea surface temperature is analyzed, and dynamic–analogue prediction is carried out to improve the summer precipitation prediction skill of BCC_CSM, through taking care of model historical analogue prediction error in the real-time output. Seven correction schemes such as the systematic bias correction, pure statistical correction, dynamic–analogue correction, and so on, are designed and compared. Independent hindcast results show that the 5-yr average anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) of summer precipitation is respectively improved from –0.13/0.15 to 0.16/0.24 for 2009–13/1991–95 when using the equally weighted dynamic–analogue correction in the BCC_CSM prediction, which takes the arithmetical mean of the correction based on regional average error and that on grid point error. In addition, probabilistic prediction using the results from the multiple correction schemes is also performed and it leads to further improved 5-yr average prediction accuracy. 相似文献
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A 3D dynamic core of the non-hydrostatic model GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System) is developed on the Yin-Yang grid to address the polar problem and to enhance the computational efficiency. Three-dimensional Coriolis forcing is introduced to the new core, and full representation of the Coriolis forcing makes it straightforward to share code between the Yin and Yang subdomains. Similar to that in the original GRAPES model, a semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian scheme is adopted for temporal integration and advection with additional arrangement for cross-boundary transport. Under a non-centered second-order temporal and spatial discretization, the dry nonhydrostatic frame is summarized as the solution of an elliptical problem. The resulting Helmholtz equation is solved with the Generalized Conjugate Residual solver in cooperation with the classic Schwarz method. Even though the coefficients of the equation are quite different from those in the original model, the computational procedure of the new core is just the same. The bi-cubic Lagrangian interpolation serves to provide Dirichlet-type boundary conditions with data transfer between the subdomains. The dry core is evaluated with several benchmark test cases, and all the tests display reasonable numerical stability and computing performance. Persistency of the balanced flow and development of both the mountain-induced Rossby wave and Rossby–Haurwitz wave confirms the appropriate installation of the 3D Coriolis terms in the semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian dynamic core on the Yin-Yang grid. 相似文献