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1.
为了支持短时临近预报,利用新一代数值预报技术,结合高时空分辨的新一代探测所提供的观测信息,开发了基于快速更新循环同化的数值预报系统。基于GRAPES预报模式及其三维变分,开发了逐时循环同化,包括雷达、卫星、飞机、常规地面和探空等观测资料的同化模块,并采用nudging技术,引入雷达回波,订正模式的初始云水、雨水等信息,实现快速更新预报。多种测试和汛期连续试验表明,系统运行稳定可靠。逐时同化场合理,与实况基本一致。通过1个月的滚动预报综合分析和个例预报分析均表明,预报稳定有效,与观测分布基本一致,初步具备开展短时临近预报的能力。 相似文献
2.
GRAPES地面风场同化方案研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
随着预报准确度要求以及同化分析循环周期的缩短,具有高时空分辨率的地面观测资料在同化系统中也越来越受到重视,而且一个好的资料同化系统应该能够给出模式近地面动力、热力和湿度状况的合理分析。利用GRAPES区域同化预报系统(GRAPES——Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System),在近地层Monin_Obukhov相似理论的基础上,考虑了边界层的动力和湿热力约束,建立新的地面风场观测算子。将此新方案与目前GRAPES系统使用的三次样条插值的地面同化方案进行高度场预报试验、统计试验以及降水预报的TS评分比较,结果表明,加入新方案地面风场资料同化后,预报效果和对降水的预报能力都比旧方案有所提高。 相似文献
3.
华南暖区降水数值预报的初值同化试验 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
为了了解初值场对华南短时临近降水预报的影响,文中利用GRAPES区域中尺度模式,针对华南一次暖区暴雨过程分别进行控制试验、同化地面探空资料、nudging雨水资料和同化雷达径向风等四个模拟试验。分析结果表明：(1) 同化地面探空资料有助于改善24小时的降水落区及其量级;(2) nudging雨水资料对临近降水预报有积极影响;(3) 同化雷达径向风能使24小时的降水落区、量级得到明显的提升。这些结论为下一步的华南地区短时临近降水预报研究提供了重要的技术参考。 相似文献
4.
中国气象局数值预报中心新近升级的GRAPES全球三维变分同化系统的大气基本状态变量在物理属性与定义的网格和坐标上与预报模式保持一致,是一个完全针对GRAPES预报模式的同化系统。该系统不仅有利于减小分析误差,也是构建GRAPES四维变分同化系统的基本环节之一。该文通过与观测资料的对比、与国际其他业务中心分析场的对比,以及中期数值预报的检验,对新的GRAPES全球三维变分同化系统性能进行较全面讨论,并通过对这一系统的检验,探索资料同化系统性能的检验方法,尤其是观测资料同化效果的定量评价方法。诊断结果表明:在宏观特征上,GRAPES变分同化系统的分析场与欧洲中期数值预报中心和美国国家环境预测中心的分析场十分相似, 但细节上仍有差别。这些差别主要源自GRAPES同化系统中探空、地面报、掩星以及飞机报观测的贡献偏大,而卫星垂直探测仪观测资料的作用尚未充分发挥。从探测单要素来讲,风及湿度观测的作用发挥不够。此外,青藏高原周围地区、模式高层及赤道地区分析场偏差较大,它们与模式地形及高层的处理等有关系,这些问题有待进一步改进。 相似文献
5.
公里尺度资料同化系统的框架设计和资料选择均侧重于中小尺度分析,常存在大尺度分析能力不足的问题。本研究在GRAPES（Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System）区域3 km三维变分同化目标泛函中增加大尺度约束,将全球系统的大尺度信息引入到分析框架中去,研究其对公里尺度同化预报的影响。一个月的数值试验结果表明,引入大尺度约束可以显著改进大尺度形势场的分析和预报,提高降水预报评分,减少2 m温度和10 m风场的分析预报误差。进一步的,定量降水敏感性试验结果表明,大尺度湿度场和温度场约束对于改进降水评分十分重要。这其中,湿度场约束对于减少降水空报以及提高短时临近降水的TS（Threat Score）评分重要,而温度场约束对于改进较长时效的TS降水评分重要。此外,在均引入大尺度约束的条件下,采用完全循环（一个月中间无冷启）方案运行的试验获得了与局部循环（每日冷启）相当的分析预报结果。这为GRAPES区域公里尺度系统采用完全循环方案,进一步简化流程,减少计算消耗奠定了很好的基础。 相似文献
6.
为了研究AMDAR(Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay)资料对GRAPES(Global Regional Assimilation and Prediction System)系统的影响,针对从国家气象信息中心实时库检索的业务AMDAR资料,分析了该资料的偏差和标准差等质量特性;利用GRAPES数值预报系统,做了两个月的同化预报循环试验。选取资料和试验的时间是2013年5月、6月,同化窗口6 h,预报时效7 d。结果表明,与背景场该资料的温度要素的平均偏差在0.2°C,标准差在2°C,风的平均偏差在0.2 m/s,标准差在3 m/s,偏差基本符合正态分布;AMDAR资料对同化和预报效果均有改善。 相似文献
7.
GRAPES-Meso云分析系统的设计与试验 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究应用LAPS(Local Analysis and Prediction System)云分析方案,基于美国"风暴分析预报中心"开发的中尺度模式ARPS(Advanced Regional Prediction System)的资料分析系统ADAS(ARPS Data Analysis System),开发了GRAPES-Meso(Mesoscale of the Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System)区域中尺度数值预报模式的云分析系统,首次实现了地面云观测资料、卫星云图、多普勒雷达反射率资料在GRAPRS模式中的综合同化应用。详尽分析了地面云观测资料、卫星红外云图、可见光云图、多普勒雷达反射率多种观测资料对GRAPES模式初始三维云覆盖、多相混合比等云微物理因子以及初始场的调整。通过对2009年6月28日至7月4日湖南省一次强降水过程的模拟试验检验云分析系统的性能,对比分析表明:(1)云分析系统通过地面云观测资料、卫星红外云图、可见光云图、多普勒雷达反射率的同化,能够反演出三维云覆盖状况;(2)在三维云覆盖的基础上结合云底云顶高度,能够反演出云水、雨水、云冰等微粒,并显著改善模式初始湿度场;(3)云分析系统能够显著缩短模式的热启动时间,明显增大了开始几小时的降水量预报,对24小时的降水预报效果也有显著改善。 相似文献
8.
中国气象科学研究院 (灾害天气国家重点实验室) 自2000年起, 先后在科技部“973”重大基础项目“我国重大天气灾害形成机理和预测理论研究”和“十五”重点攻关项目“中国气象数值预报系统技术创新研究”支持下, 主持承担了中国气象局新一代全球/区域多尺度通用同化与数值预报系统GRAPES (Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System) 的研究开发, 围绕着资料同化、模式动力框架、物理过程、大型软件工程等核心技术开展了自主创新研究, 取得了非静力中尺度模式、三维变分资料同化、标准化、模块化、并行化模式程序软件等方面的突出成果, 部分成果已在业务上得到了应用, 显示了良好的技术性能和业务发展潜力。GRAPES系统是完全依靠中国科学家的力量自主研究发展的、先进的新一代数值预报系统。该文简要介绍GRAPES的研究内容、主要研究进展和初步应用, 以及未来发展的初步计划。 相似文献
9.
采用2016年7月国家卫星气象中心提供的加密FY-2G资料,选用美国国家环境预报中心的FNL全球分析资料(Final Operational Global Analysis)为参考场,根据不同质量标识码QI(Quality Indicator)对其进行质量评估,并基于GRAPES(Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System)模式的GRAPES_RAFS(Rapid Analysis and Forecast System)系统分别进行了个例试验和连续试验。结果表明,QI≥80的加密FY-2G资料质量最好,相较于其他QI阈值,其偏差和均方根误差最小;对比业务使用的FY-2G红外通道云导风资料,加密FY-2G红外通道云导风的U分量偏差更接近正态分布。对2016年7月2 3日强降水个例进行了三组对比试验,结果表明:同化加密FY-2G红外通道云导风资料对850 h Pa高度场和风场分析有一定的调整作用,对24 h降水强度和落区预报有一定改善。连续试验结果表明同化加密FY-2G红外通道云导风资料对高层风场改善明显,24 h降水预报检验反映出全国区域中雨到暴雨级别的降水ETS评分提高。 相似文献
10.
GRAPES (Global and Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System) 是中国气象科学研究院数值预报研究中心自主开发的新一代静力/非静力多尺度通用数值预报模式。该模式采用标准化、模块化软件体系结构, 并严格按照软件工程要求完成系统开发, 包括程序的并行计算。初步试算结果表明:GRAPES模式软件框架的设计和实现符合模式发展的要求, 为中国数值天气预报系统的可持续发展奠定了良好的基础。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献