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《干旱气象》2017,(4)
为评价ORYZA(V3)模型在海南岛双季稻发育期模拟的适应性,利用2005—2014年海南岛双季稻区4个站点(海口、儋州、乐东、琼海)的逐日气象数据、气象灾害资料、土壤、水稻发育期等观测资料,对模型进行调参与验证,本地化不同品种水稻发育期参数;统计双季稻各个发育期出现的气象灾害及其次数,筛选出各个发育期内出现次数较多的气象灾害。以单独的气象灾害为背景,对各个发育期的模拟与实测结果进行对比验证。结果表明:ORYZA(V3)模型对海南岛双季稻发育期的模拟精度较高,决定系数R20.90,归一化均方根误差NRMSE为3.97%~9.80%;双季稻发育期内出现的气象灾害次数由多到少依次为:高温、台风、干旱;ORYZA(V3)模型对气象灾害的敏感性从大到小依次为:台风、高温、干旱。在台风背景下,仅晚稻开花期的R2为0.90,NRMSE为3.90%,其他发育期的模拟均在误差范围外;在高温背景下,早稻的R2为0.87~0.89,晚稻的R2为0.18~0.61,双季稻的NRMSE为3.49%~5.71%;在干旱背景下,R20.87,NRMSE为3.11%~9.73%。评价结果在模型应用和优化方面具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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以1981—2010年河南省113个气象观测站影响冬小麦生长及产量形成的主要气象因素为区划指标,利用K均值聚类算法,将河南省划分为5个农业气候生态区。根据2013—2017年地面农业气象观测数据,利用Sobol全局敏感性分析方法,各分区选择总敏感指数大于0.01的作物参数,得到9种敏感参数。以产量与叶面积指数为代价函数,采用差分进化马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛方法对敏感参数进行分区标定,并使用2018—2019年观测数据进行验证。结果表明:分区进行参数标定时,叶面积指数动态模拟精度和产量模拟精度均显著优于使用默认参数或整个研究区使用同一套优化参数时的精度,其中,使用分区调参后验平均值模拟关键生育期叶面积指数的总均方根误差为0.655,其模拟产量的均方根误差为672.016 kg·hm-2。该方法将农业气候学知识与差分进化马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛优化算法相结合,通过合理、高效地分区域标定作物模型参数,可为作物模型区域应用和模型参数调整优化提供科学依据。 相似文献
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《内蒙古气象》2018,(3)
在内蒙古东南部地区引入成熟的作物模型并进行适应性验证,可为模型区域化应用提供研究依据。文章基于内蒙古东南部地区田间试验数据、农业气象观测数据结合同期气象数据和土壤数据,利用"试错法"对WOFOST模型参数进行了调试,对WOFOST模型发育期、叶面积指数及各器官生物量、产量等的模拟能力进行了验证。结果表明,模型对玉米发育期模拟较好,抽雄期和成熟期的模拟误差在6d以内,其中对抽雄期的模拟效果更好,在3d左右;模型对生育期内叶面积指数和各器官模拟良好,实测值和模型值的决定系数R2较高,均通过显著性检验,模拟各器官生物量和产量的均方根误差(RMSE)在641～1414kg·hm-2,其中模拟LAI的均方根误差(RMSE)为1.22。通过校准模型参数值,WOFOST模型能够较好地模拟内蒙古东南部地区春玉米生长发育及其生物量的动态积累过程,能够应用于内蒙古东南部地区春玉米生产。 相似文献
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遥感数据与作物模型结合是当前农业信息技术应用研究的重要内容和发展趋势之一,能够解决单独利用遥感或作物模型无法解决的问题。为了开展大范围、区域性作物生长过程的模拟和产量预测,首先对作物模型WOFOST进行了订正和验证,使得调整后的模型适于模拟河南新乡县冬小麦生长;根据实际生产分三类情形模拟新乡县2002—2003年度冬小麦的生长发育状况;利用全生育期内能获取的Landsat-7 ETM+数据反演叶面积指数,结合WOFOST模型的模拟情况,确定每个像元对应的冬小麦的生长状况,从而在像元上实现了WOFOST模型对冬小麦生长的模拟;最后对照比较本研究方法的结果与当年新乡县冬小麦的统计情况,结果相近,验证了本文研究方法的技术可行性。 相似文献
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如何将干热风灾害对小麦造成的产量损失从全部产量损失中提取出来,是目前小麦干热风研究的一个难点.根据小麦生物学特性以及产量结构与干热风发生规律的关系,构建了小麦作物模型,并利用河南省1981-2004年气象资料与小麦产量资料对模型进行了分析与验证.结果表明:利用作物模型方法得到的小麦产量损失与传统方法得到的产量损失相近,两者的标准均方根误差(NRMSE)为0.36,平均准确率为68.69％,决定系数(R2)为0.81.这表明利用小麦作物模型来提取干热风灾损是可行的,可以用于干热风非典型年份的灾害产量损失计算. 相似文献
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作物发育期预报在农业气象业务中具有重要意义。通过比较4种作物发育期模型的模拟效果,为中国东北地区作物发育期预报提供参考。基于东北地区玉米、水稻和大豆的发育期观测数据及其对应的气象资料,利用模拟退火算法估算了4个发育期模型的参数值,并对模型进行内外部验证。结果表明：在参数本地化过程中,高亮之模型和沈国权模型的效果较好,均方根误差平均分别为3.31d和3.72d。在模型验证过程中,沈国权模型的模拟效果较好,均方根误差平均为5.22d,因此,相对而言,沈国权模型对作物发育期模拟效果较好。 相似文献
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全球气候变暖已经成为一个不争的事实,开展气候变化对冬小麦产量影响的数值模拟对制定农业政策以适应气候变化具有重要意义。本文使用荷兰瓦赫宁根大学开发的WOFOST模型,利用太谷2000年和2001年的数据对WOFOST模型进行验证,确定该模型在山西太谷地区的适用性。文章分析了太谷地区气温变化趋势,假定以1985年-2007年的变暖趋势增温,假设其它条件不变,从而构建了100年内每10a的时间间隔的气象情形。以这些气象情形驱动验证好的模型模拟100年内每10a的时间间隔气候变暖对冬小麦产量的影响。模拟结果表明,气温变化对冬小麦产量的影响不是单一的,未来冬小麦的产量是波动变化的。 相似文献
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利用河南省30个农业气象观测站1981-2008年的冬小麦观测资料和气象资料,基于晚霜冻指数和灾度计算了河南省冬小麦晚霜冻发生概率和灾害程度。通过在WOFOST作物模型中增加霜冻影响过程,实现了晚霜冻灾损定量提取,建立了以晚霜冻危险性、暴露性和脆弱性为评价因子的风险评估模型,按照高风险区、次高风险区、中等风险区、次低风险区和低风险区5个等级标准进行了河南省冬小麦晚霜冻风险区划。区划结果表明:冬小麦晚霜冻风险程度较高的地区主要分布在河南省沈丘、卢氏和林州等地,其风险指数都在0.6以上;低风险区主要分布在伊川、巩义、信阳、南阳、太康、濮阳和杞县等地,风险指数都在0.2以下。 相似文献
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在综合考虑雨凇和雾凇积冰增长以及热力融冰和升华脱冰的基础上,建立了一个基于常规气象资料的小时标准冰厚模型。模拟2008年和2013年浙江省两次严重电网覆冰灾害期间的标准冰厚,并用事故线路调查资料、电线积冰观测站和模拟导线拉力监测点的观测资料进行验证分析。结果显示:事故线路的最大标准冰厚观测值与模拟值相关关系达到0.01显著性水平,电线积冰观测站的日标准冰厚观测值与模拟值的平均绝对偏差小于0.6 mm,模拟导线拉力监测点的小时标准冰厚模拟值与观测值的决定系数为0.8093,均方根误差为0.8 mm。说明模型比较准确地描述了天气过程对电线积冰的影响,能够较好地反映标准冰厚的空间分布规律和时间变化特征。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献