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1.
南亚夏季风爆发的统计动力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作者对南亚(印度)夏季风爆发作了统计动力分析,即将南亚夏季风爆发前后的高低层风场看作一个整体,并以南亚夏季风爆发日为基准,作了经验正交函数(矢量)分析,得到了以下结论:偏差风场的第一模态反映了季风爆发前后大规模的风系变化,其时间系数直接体现了南亚夏季风的爆发,在爆发日前后该模态反映的偏差风系有剧烈变化,这表明季风爆发时大气环流有突变发生;第二模态反映了具有5～7天振荡周期的中纬天气尺度波系及其对低纬季风区的影响;第三模态反映了热带、副热带地区呈准双周振荡的低频扰动. 相似文献
2.
南海夏季风爆发前后亚洲地区的大尺度环流突变 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
用１９８０—１９８６年的ＥＣＭＷＦ资料分析了南海季风爆发前后大气环流突变的平均特征。结果表明：南海季风的爆发一般发生在５月１０日前后，大气环流出现一次明显突变──高空南亚高压由１０—１５°Ｎ骤然北跳到１５—２０°Ｎ，南海北部西风转为东风；低空南海北部及附近地区西南风迅速加强并向东扩展，而中纬地区的偏北风也相应加强南压，青藏高原东南部到中国长江中下游一带为温度、湿度梯度大值区；中国西南地区出现低压环流。同时，青藏高原东南部及中国东部平原地区对流层大气发生急速增暖，大气热源和水汽汇明显增强。在南海季风爆发后南海北部大气热源亦显著增强，但比风场的突变落后５—１０天，而西沙海温的变化与季风爆发却比较一致。另外，地形对大气热源的分布有一定的影响，青藏高原东南坡的加热对南海季风的爆发可能比较重要。 相似文献
3.
利用NCEP逐日再分析资料,计算和分析了1949~2009年的南海季风爆发时间,并分析讨论了南海季风爆发偏早年和偏晚年大气环流的差异。结果表明:1)南海季风的爆发伴随着该地区降水的显著增加,且爆发时间在1958~1997年间呈偏早趋势。2)在南海季风爆发早年相对于晚年,中高层纬向风在青藏高原和西南太平洋西风异常偏强、孟加拉湾和南海有东风异常偏弱。3)在低层,孟加拉湾、南海和东海西风异常偏强、西南太平洋东风异常偏弱;而青藏高原北部塔里木盆地北风异常偏弱、中国中东部、南海和孟加拉湾南风异常偏弱、东海南风异常偏强。亚欧大陆、印度洋、南海和西南太平洋的大气环流异常与南海地区降水关系密切。 相似文献
4.
为了分析南海夏季风活动不同阶段的大气环流特征,引入南海区域(105~120°E,5~20°N)平均高(200 hPa)低(850 hPa)层风场和向外长波辐射(OLR)作为南海夏季风指数。分析结果表明这些指数的组合可以较好地反映南海夏季风季节内以下时间尺度的活动情况。当南海地区低层平均为西南风、高层为东北风且OLR异常(OLRa)小于零时,南海夏季风处于活跃期,此时副高远离南海,南海区域对流强盛,有明显的季风槽;当南海地区低层为西南风,高层为东北风,但是OLRa大于零时,南海夏季风处于不活跃阶段,此时副高远离南海,虽然南海地区对流不活跃,但是季风环流依然存在且向北扩展,使得华南-江南对流活跃;当南海地区风场为其他情况时,此时不论对流强弱,南海夏季风处于中断期,南海或者受副高控制,或者受热带气旋影响,季风环流在南海地区中断。利用定义的南海夏季风活动指标对2011年和2012年南海夏季风活动进行分析,结果指出这两年南海夏季风活跃期较长,季节内对流北传事件一般发生在南海夏季风活跃期或活跃期向非活跃期的转换期,而中断期即使有强对流发生,也不会向北传播。分析了这两年中断和不活跃情况下的大气环流分布,进一步验证了定义的南海夏季风活动指标的实用性。 相似文献
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Interannual variability in the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon from 1997 to 2014 
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下载免费PDF全文 《大气和海洋科学快报》2017,(1)
本文基于南海地区850 hPa风场,降水以及海温定义了南海夏季风爆发指数,将南海季风爆发过程分为季节转换和季风爆发两个过程来进行研究。对18年的观测分析发现,南海季风爆发可归纳为三种情况:第一种是季风正常爆发,随着季节转换结束后,西南季风和降水在南海地区有明显增强;第二种是间接性爆发,在季节转换结束后,西南季风和降水的建立不是特别明显;第三种是推迟爆发,在季节转换结束后,南海地区没有建立西南季风也没有降水产生。进一步研究发现,西太副高异常西伸是导致南海季风延迟爆发的重要因素之一。此外,大尺度环流背景ENSO的影响也对南海季风爆发时间的早晚有重要影响,但并不是唯一决定性因素,印度洋和亚洲大地形的局地热力差异变化是影响季风爆发的另一重要因素。 相似文献
6.
1990s年代际转型前后南海季风系统的气候季节内振荡(CISO)特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用多变量经验正交分解(MV-EOF)等方法,研究了在季节内振荡尺度上南海季风系统的时空分布特征。结果表明:南海夏季风的爆发时间在1993/1994年前后存在显著的年代际转型,由爆发偏晚转变成爆发偏早。第一模态反映了南海夏季风爆发时季风系统的时空特征,转型前后特征类似,降水场自赤道向北依次呈现干-湿-干交替分布的特征,南海中心为异常气旋。相应的大范围环流场主要反映了转型前的偏晚年,南海夏季风槽位置偏南,转型后的偏早年,南海夏季风槽位置偏北。第二模态体现了南海季风系统夏季的时空特征,转型前后共同特征表现为南海地区夏季北湿南干的南北偶极子降水分布及南海中心区的异常西风。相应的大范围环流场主要反映了南海季风活动与东亚季风呈现反位相的特点,且对流信号向北传播。转型前的偏晚年,季风活动受准双周振荡控制,对流信号由西北方向传入南海;转型后的偏早年,季风活动以30～60天振荡为主,对流信号由东南方向传播至南海。 相似文献
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《广东气象》2017,(4)
利用1972—2007年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料计算大气热源,分析了南海夏季风爆发前后大气热源的特征,在此基础上,以南海夏季风爆发偏早年(1983年)和爆发偏晚年(1989年)为例,对比分析大气热源和大气环流特征的差异。结果表明:季风爆发后热源中心有明显的北抬现象,伴随着我国南部至南海区域低层较强的西南风建立;季风爆发偏早年,中层大气在我国以北出现负距平,赤道区域热源中心值较平均水平高,与之对应的是爆发偏晚年热源中心值偏低,偏早年季风爆发前在赤道至南海区域有较大的热源梯度,这种动力和热力形势的配置使季风爆发偏早年Hadley环流强度增强,导致从孟加拉湾向北的水汽输送增多,南海夏季风爆发时间偏早,造成雨带北移的时间提前。 相似文献
8.
伴随南海夏季风爆发的大尺度大气环流演变 总被引：39，自引：11，他引：39
主要基于美国NCEP和NCAR的再分析资料（1980～1996年），针对南海夏季风爆发日期进行合成分析，研究了伴随南海夏季风爆发的大尺度大气环流演变。其结果清楚地表明伴随南海夏季风爆发，南亚和东南亚地区的对流层低层风场、对流层高层位势高度场以及大气湿度场和垂直运动场都有极显著的变化。南亚和东南亚850 hPa上涡旋对的发展和活动以及500 hPa副高从南海地区的东撤对南海季风爆发起着重要作用。伴随南海夏季风的爆发，在孟加拉湾到南中国海一带整层湿度和500 hPa垂直上升运动都出现了极明显的增加。对流层高层和对流层低层环流演变的特征也清楚表明，南海夏季风爆发既是全球环流冬夏演变的一个部分，又有显著的区域性特征。本文还指出南海夏季风在北部比中部和南部早建立的结论依据不足，进而补充给出了亚洲季风爆发日期示意图。 相似文献
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通过定义一个能客观定量描述大气环流四维时空变化的风向改变指数WI,用以研究大气环流的时空演变规律和季节转换。在对纬向平均的WI做了经验正交函数(EOF)分析后,得到了其前四个模态。第一模态揭示的是全年平均的WI空间分布的基态。第二模态反映的是WI场的偏差中呈现准调和变化的部分,热带、副热带、温寒带季风区在该模态中均有明显体现。第三模态反映的是WI场的偏差中呈现非调和变化的部分,该部分揭示了因南北半球海陆分布的差异和因大气、海洋流体的非线性效应,其所造成的从春到秋与从秋到春的季节变化的不对称性以及平流层的二月突变现象。第四模态反映的是全球各层盛行风反向区域从春到夏的北进和从夏到秋南撤的现象。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献