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1.
利用一款改装后具有近红外图像拍摄功能的民用相机和同型号未经改装的可见光拍摄像机监测作物的整个生长过程,根据作物和土壤在近红外和可见光图像中的敏感性不同,利用图像处理算法获取作物覆盖度(Ccp),并与人工观测的作物生长特征量进行相关分析。通过在中国气象科学院固城试验站开展的玉米观测试验,基于自动观测玉米图像获取的Ccp与人工观测植株高度(近红外R~2=0.9276,可见光R~2=0.8491)、叶面积指数(近红外R~2=0.9535,可见光R~2=0.8822)、干物质重量(近红外R~2=0.9497,可见光R~2=0.7708)等之间具有很高的相关性,同样表明利用近红外相机获取的玉米图像比可见光相机获取的图像能更好地反映玉米的生长特征。 相似文献
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宁夏灌区春小麦LAI与生长性状和产量的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《干旱气象》2017,(3)
利用宁夏永宁农试站1994—2012年2个品种小麦观测资料,对2个小麦品种的生长性状、产量和产量结构进行方差分析,然后选取2个品种间差异不显著的样本,建立小麦不同发育期叶面积指数(LAI)与株高、密度、产量、穗粒数、结实小穗数及千粒重的关系。结果表明,不同发育期的LAI能反映小麦株高、密度和单位面积结实穗数。抽穗至乳熟阶段的LAI可估测株高,三叶至乳熟阶段的LAI均可监测同期密度,以拔节至乳熟阶段最好。抽穗至乳熟阶段的LAI可估测单位面积有效穗数,以抽穗期效果最好。抽穗至乳熟阶段LAI能较好地反映小麦产量的变化,可利用小麦冠层高光谱测定值构建的植被指数或MODIS植被指数反演LAI,利用LAI与产量的关系估产。如果在小麦不同生育阶段用遥感植被指数估测LAI,就可通过LAI与小麦株高、密度的关系监测小麦长势。抽穗至灌浆前期的LAI相对稳定,利用MODIS植被指数反演的LAI可估测小麦密度、产量和产量结构。 相似文献
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《气象科学进展》2018,(5)
叶面积指数(Leaf area index,LAI)与植物的光合能力密切相关,是评价作物长势和预测产量的重要农学参数,利用高光谱遥感能够实现农作物LAI快速无损监测。为了建立不同播期条件下冬小麦LAI反演的最佳高光谱监测模型,提高冬小麦LAI估算模型精度,将地面实测冬小麦LAI数据和冠层高光谱数据相结合,对4个播期及4个播期组合模拟的混合播期数据进行分析,选取8种植被指数,通过相关分析、回归分析等统计方法,构建不同播期冬小麦叶面积指数监测模型。结果表明,在4个播期处理和由一个所有播期组合下(即混合播期)建立的LAI光谱监测模型中,播期1和播期4分别以EVI2和mNDVI拟合效果较好,播期2、播期3及混合播期均与NDGI拟合效果最好。不同播期及混合播期的拟合方程决定系数(R~2)分别为0.803,0.823,0.907,0.819和0.798;通过试验田实测LAI与反演LAI数据进行拟合模型验证,均方根误差分别为0.81,0.78,0.63,0.82,0.91。通过分析可知,不同播期的分期监测模型比混合播期统一监测模型的拟合效果更好,精度更高。因此,播期1、播期2、播期3、播期4分别选用植被指数EVI2、NDGI、NDGI、mNDVI建立冬小麦LAI反演模型。该结果可为实现不同播期下冬小麦长势精确监测提供理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
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根据现代农业气象业务需求,提出了可视化、实时性、远程控制的自动农业气象观测系统技术思路、设计原则,并设计了系统的硬件和软件架构及自动化观测的实现方法。该系统具有作物生长、农田气象要素观测及环境监控功能,可实现作物发育期、株高、盖度等的自动观测,还可实现农田主要农业气象灾害实时监测。该文利用三维空间模拟技术初步确定了CCD (charge-coupled device) 传感器的技术指标;提出利用图像判别技术,结合作物生长特征及农业气象指标,实现作物发育期自动判别;利用摄影测量学技术,采用动态跟踪法实现作物株高自动化观测;提出了作物盖度的计算方法和通过研究作物盖度与密度、叶面积指数的关系,解决作物种植密度和叶面积指数自动观测的技术思路。该系统模仿人工观测原理,将图像处理和摄影测量学等技术引入农业气象自动观测中,基本上可以满足农业气象观测的主要任务的实时性、可视化和自动化需求。 相似文献
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截止到2005年,全国共有130个台站进行蒸发量自动与人工业务观测。该文利用2005年平行观测月数据,对资料的差异和相关性以及比对系数和影响因子进行了讨论,结果表明:月蒸发量差值不满足正态分布,近80%的数据为自动观测值大于人工观测值;在人工观测值较小时,对应的自动与人工相对差值较大,随着人工观测值的增加,差值有减小趋势;自动与人工观测数据之间存在很好的线性相关关系,相关系数为0.98,通过了0.01的显著性检验;比对系数年平均值在1.0~1.2之间,两大高值中心分别位于广西都安和湖南南县;比对系数月平均值的变化近似于二次型拟合曲线,1月最大,6,7月最小;在定性讨论特征站比对系数影响因子的基础上,进一步查明了影响月比对系数的气象因子有月平均相对湿度和月平均风速。 相似文献
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基于高光谱数据的叶面积指数监测是快速获取冬小麦叶面积指数的重要方法。为了探究回归方法和高光谱数据变换对冬小麦叶面积指数反演精度的影响,采用逐步回归和偏最小二乘回归方法,分别建立基于冬小麦拔节期冠层高光谱数据、一阶导数光谱数据、二阶导数光谱数据和对数光谱数据的叶面积指数多元线性回归模型。结果显示,导数和对数变换能够提高冬小麦LAI反演精度,以蓝紫光、绿光、红光和近红外波段建立的一阶导数光谱数据逐步回归模型最优,建立回归模型的决定系数R2为0.974,交叉验证的RMSE为0.131,可为冬小麦LAI估算的方法选择和数据处理提供依据和参考。 相似文献
8.
应用Terra和Aqua卫星的MODIS资料和三维叶分布模式,结合MODIS陆地植被覆盖产品数据,估算了6种生物群落的LAI,并与我国西北地区叶面积仪观测结果进行了对比和分析。结果表明,从两颗卫星连续8天的观测资料可以估算出LAI,反演结果的相对误差基本在±20%以内,平均相对误差为13.7%,说明该方法可以反演实际植被的LAI;根据植被类型的差异,建立了6种生物群落LAI与NDVI的指数关系,相关性较好;青藏高原东部的LAI时间变化有不一致性的特征,反映了不同生物群落的生物学特性的差异;不同季节的LAI变化在空间上有很大差异,说明本研究区域西部冷、干和高原东部相对暖、湿的复杂气候特征。 相似文献
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自动与人工两种观测技术体制所获取的气象数据之间的差异,是仪器原理差异、观测的时空差异、采样方式与样本数的差异、观测时次的差异等造成的.自动观测的数据优于人工观测,更能反映大气的真实状况. 相似文献
10.
自动与人工观测数据的差异分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
自动与人工两种观测技术体制所获取的气象数据之间的差异,是仪器原理差异、观测的时空差异、采样方式与样本数的差异、观测时次的差异等造成的。自动观测的数据优于人工观测,更能反映大气的真实状况。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献