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本文综合介绍转动主分量分析在天气气候分析中的应用,着重讨论它在分析气象要素场的优点及与传统的主分量分析的比较,并介绍极大方差正交转动及斜交转动等常用的方法。 相似文献
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广西汛期降水气候特征分析及客观分区 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
应用经验正交函数(EOF)分析方法分析了广西汛期降水量主要气候特征,并通过旋转EOF,取其主要的旋转主分量高荷载区,将广西前汛期(4～6月)和后汛期(7～9月)的降水变化分别划分为5个和3个区域,并与传统的经验分区进行比较.结果表明,客观分区对广西前汛期和后汛期降水的气候分布有较好的表示. 相似文献
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以澳门单站年和四季降水和温度两个气象要素的气象资料(1952~2001年)为主要研究对象,利用3种统计预报模型(谐波分析外推模型、开环门限自回归模型和主分量因子的逐步回归模型)进行拟合及试报,对澳门的降水及温度的变化做较深入的分析及预测,比较3种统计预报模型在研究澳门单站气象资料的变化趋势中的优劣。结果发现,3种预报模型在预报年和四季平均气温的方面都比较理想,但对降水量变化序列做拟合及试报则差异较大。总体而言,气候场的主分量逐步回归法对相同的气候资料建模做拟合及试报,结果拟合率是三者中最高的,复相关为0.821~0.911,预报效果除秋季较差外,其余都非常好。 相似文献
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本文对北半球夏季500hPa 候平均高度场,在进行旋转主分量分析的基础上,应用Mann-Kendall 秩和检验,计算分析了出现多年持续异常的地区和突变年代.结果表明,夏季西大西洋(WA)型具有明显的10—20年时间尺度的持续性异常特点,近40年中出现突变的标志年代是1966年,先前于 Sahel 和我国北方近20年来持续干旱的发展. 相似文献
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本文应用经验正交函数（EOF）方法分析了贵州省全省15个站秋风灾害的空间分布和时间变化特征，然后对秋风指数及其主分量分别建立了自忆预测模型，并对15个站的秋风指数进行了直接和间接地多步预测。结果表明，贵州省秋风灾害西部重于东部，且各年的分布特征比较相似。直接法拟合和预测的效果均比间接法要好，特别是对峰值的拟合和预测。10年的预报表明1992年和1998年秋风较重，特别是贵州西北部；而1991年和1999年全省秋风较轻，大部分地区无秋风灾害，只有西北部的威宁、毕节仍有较重秋风。 相似文献
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沿海地区的风速在海陆交界处变化极为复杂,其风速规律研究对近海风电场的发展有着极为重要的作用。本文采用江苏沿海40 km范围内38个观测站的2009年7月1日—2011年6月30日近2 a的平均风速实测资料,利用旋转经验正交函数(REOF)对沿海平均风速开展主分量特征分析,进而将江苏沿海地区划分为南北两个区域,开展江苏沿海风速衰减规律分析,风速随沿海向内陆呈现e指数衰减特征。在此基础上,构建了江苏沿海南北两个区域的平均风速在空间上的分布方程,并开展了拟合精度检验和可靠性分析。研究结果表明海陆地形影响的范围大小与海岸线上的风速并非完全成正相关的关系而存在临界值,南区、北区风速临界值分别为18. 2 m·s~(-1)和14. 6 m·s~(-1)。 相似文献
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北半球夏季５００hPa候平均高度场异常持续性的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文应用环流持续性异常判据和旋转主分量分析方法，对１９５１—１９８６年间夏季北半球５００hPa逐候平均高度场进行了计算分析，探讨夏季持续性环流异常的地理分布及持续期的基本特征。结果表明:前１１项旋转主分量的主要高荷载中心，与持续异常的高频数中心或其邻近区域大都基本吻合；候平均环流异常的持续性略高于马尔柯夫过程。但某些区域季节性环流异常及多年趋势性环流异常，通常是由某些环流系统或作用中心多次替换、反复出现的持续性异常所组成的。夏季副热带系统是这类异常的重要组成部分。 相似文献
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Large-scale atmospheric circulations associated with 133 moderate to heavy cold-weather precipitation events recorded at Mehrabad station in Tehran, Iran, during the period 1951–2013 are analysed. To this end, the performance of un-rotated, orthogonally rotated and obliquely rotated solutions of T-mode principal component analysis (PCA) is examined in classifying the atmospheric circulations into a few representative circulation types (CTs). The T-mode PCAs were applied to the 500-hPa geopotential height for the events in a domain from 10°E to 70°E and from 20°N to 50°N. The first six leading principal components were retained and then orthogonally and obliquely rotated using varimax and promax solutions, respectively. Statistical inter-comparison of the CTs obtained using the three solutions suggests that the obliquely rotated solution is the better choice for circulation classification in the present study. The six CTs obtained using the oblique rotation were then linked to the daily total precipitation and daily mean temperature variability at Tehran station as well as to the standardized anomalies of the daily total precipitation and mean daily temperature of a dense network of stations distributed across Iran. It is found that the CTs identified, though generally comparable in producing significant precipitation in Tehran, vary in their potential to bring cold weather and generate snowfall in Tehran specifically and in the country in general. While the first three CTs give rise to regional patterns of standardized precipitation anomalies centred in Tehran, the next three CTs leave a pronounced precipitation signature almost across the whole country. As regards the standardized temperature anomalies, with the exception of one CT that causes deep and widespread negative standardized anomalies over most parts of the country, the other CTs are characterized with a dipolar structure of a deep intrusion of cold weather to the west and prevailing warm weather to the east of the country. 相似文献
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A series of experiments were performed in a rotating annulus of fluid to study effects of rotation rate on planeta-ry-scale baroclinic wave flows. The experiments reveal that change in rotation rate of fluid container causes variation in Rossby number and Taylor number in flows and leads to change in flow patterns and in phase and amplitude of quasi-stationary waves. For instance, with increasing rotation rate, amplitude of quasi-stationary waves increases and phase shifts upstream. On the contrary, with decreasing rotation rate, amplitude of quasi-stationary waves decreases and phase shifts downstream. In the case of the earth’s atmosphere, although magnitude of variation in earth’s rotation rate is very small, yet it causes a very big change in zonal velocity component of wind in the atmosphere and of currents in the ocean, and therefore causes a remarkable change in Rossby number and Taylor number deter-mining regimes in planetary-scale geophysical flows. The observation reveals that intensity and geographic location of subtropic anticyclones in both of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres change consistently with the variation in earth’s rotation rale. The results of fluid experiments are consistent, qualitatively, with observed phenomena in the atmospheric circulation. 相似文献
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R. Huth 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2007,89(1-2):1-8
Summary The Arctic Oscillation (AO) appears as the leading unrotated mode of principal component analysis (PCA) of monthly mean sea
level pressure anomalies, whereas the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) results from rotated PCA, regardless of the number
of PCs rotated. Three criteria are employed to decide whether the interpretation in terms of the NAO or AO should be preferred:
the degree of simple structure, the similarity between the PC loadings and correlation/covariance maps, and the sensitivity
to spatial subsampling. All these criteria favour, to a different extent, the interpretation in terms of the NAO. This is
further supported by more general arguments. Therefore, the statistical arguments suggest that in interpreting the Northern
Hemisphere circulation variability, the sectorial view, i.e. the NAO, should be preferred to the hemispheric view, i.e. the
AO. Our analysis supports the idea expressed in other studies that the AO is rather a statistical artifact. 相似文献
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西南地区近40a气温变化的时空特征分析 总被引：13，自引：10，他引：3
利用西南地区96个测站近40 a的月平均、月平均最高、月平均最低气温资料,采用主成分分析、旋转主成分分析、小波分析、Mann-Kendall等方法对西南地区气温变化的时空特征进行了分析.结果表明:西南地区年平均、年平均最高、年平均最低气温的空间变化均具有很好的整体一致性,反映了年平均和年平均最高气温在1960s到1980s中期经历了一个由暖变冷的过程后,1980s后期开始呈现明显上升趋势,而年平均最低气温从1970s就开始呈单调上升趋势.青藏高原东侧山脉走向对气温变化的东西差异具有十分明显的影响.气温的主要空间异常可分为4个敏感区.小波分析表明,西南地区气温整体变化在近40 a主要存在准8 a的周期,其中四川盆地东部的气温在整个时段存在准20 a和准8～9 a的周期. 相似文献
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Annalisa Cherchi Andrea F. Carril Claudio G. Menéndez Laura Zamboni 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(1-2):219-236
An ensemble of nine experiments with the same interannually varying sea surface temperature (SST), as boundary forcing, and different initial conditions is used to investigate the role of tropical oceans in modulating precipitation variability in the region of La Plata Basin (LPB). The results from the ensemble are compared with a twentieth-century experiment performed with a coupled ocean-atmosphere model, sharing the same atmospheric component. A rotated empirical orthogonal functions analysis of South America precipitation shows that the dominant mode of variability in spring is realistically captured in both experiments. Its principal component (RPC1) correlated with global SST and atmospheric fields identifies the pattern related to El Niño Southern Oscillation and its large-scale teleconnections. Overall the pattern is well simulated in the tropical southern Pacific Ocean, mainly in the ensemble, but it is absent or too weak in other oceanic areas. The coupled model experiment shows a more realistic correlation in the subtropical South Atlantic where air-sea interactions contribute to the relationship between LPB precipitation and SST. The correspondence between model and data is much improved when the composite analysis of SST and atmospheric fields is done over the ensemble members having an RPC1 in agreement with the observations: the improvement relies on avoiding climate noise by averaging only over members that are statistically similar. Furthermore, the result suggests the presence of a high level of uncertainty due to internal atmospheric variability. The analysis of some individual years selected from the model and data RPC1 comparison reveals interesting differences among rainy springs in LPB. For example, 1982, which corresponds to a strong El Niño year, represents a clean case with a distinct wave train propagating from the central Pacific and merging with another one from the eastern tropical south Indian Ocean. The year 2003 is an example of a rainy spring in LPB not directly driven by remote SST forcing. In this case the internal variability has a dominant role, as the model is not able to reproduce the correct local precipitation pattern. 相似文献
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基于主成分分析和旋转主成分分析方法,应用陕、甘、宁、青4省（区）170个测站的降水量观测资料,分析了西北东部1961-2010年降水量区域分布、地域相关和年际变化特征。结果表明：西北地区东部降水异常在空间上主要表现为较高的整体一致性,其次表现为东西相反和南北相反的变化趋势。西北地区东部降水异常存在4个基本相关的区域：陇东南和陕西中南部区、陇中宁夏和陕北区、青海高原区和河西走廊区。近50 a来,陇中宁夏和陕北区、河西走廊区各年代降水呈反位相变化;陇东南和陕西中南部区、青海高原区1961年以来的前40 a各年代变化趋势一致,本世纪初的10 a变化相反。河西走廊区、青海高原区则向湿转变,陇中宁夏和陕北区、陇东南和陕西中南部区干旱程度更为明显。 相似文献
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Where and when did an abrupt climatic change occur in China during the last 43 years? 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Summary A climatic regionalization of the atmospheric drought indices (ADI) in both winter and summer over China was carried out utilizing orthogonally rotated principal component (RPC) analysis. An abrupt climatic change in the last 43 years was identified with the Mann-Kendall test, the sequential t-test, and the criterion of signal/noise for time series of the regional ADI in winter and summer. The results obtained with three statistic tests were also compared.It is found that a drought in winter persisted for almost 21 years from around 1972, and a slightly persistent drought in summer started from around 1961 in the Northern part of China. In addition, a summer climatic jump to a drought appeared around 1979 in South China. However, a weak abrupt change from drought to a wet spell in summer occurred around 1970 in Middle China during the period from 1959 to 1984.With 7 Figures 相似文献
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本文用主分量及转动主分量分析方法对我国夏季气温及降水量场(1951—1985年期间)的时空特征进行了研究。从所提取的空间模式中发现气温的解释方差较降水的大,且具有较好的均匀性;从对应的时间分量分析发现气温与降水均具有2—3年的主要变化周期,与东亚大气环流的关系分析中以气温表现较为密切。 对气温和降水场时空特征的稳定性分析表明,无论在持续性、周期性及与东亚大气环流的关系上,进入70年代后均有较明显的变化。比较表明气温场的稳定性较降水为好。 气温场与降水场相互关系分析发现它们有显著的反相关,表现显著的地区为长江中下游、华南及华北等。 相似文献
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We address the issue of whether the Arctic (AO), and North Atlantic oscillations (NAO) are inseparable, forming an annular mode in the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation. This annular mode is the leading empirical orthogonal function of hemispheric sea level pressure (SLP) data, explaining the largest amount of its variability. We examine whether the NAO and AO are inseparable spatial modes of the atmospheric circulation using rotated principal component analysis (RPCA), a methodology that identifies simple and unique patterns of spatial dataset variability. RPCA of the spring, summer, and autumn SLP fields from 1946-1998 reveal NAO and AO-like patterns, occurring as separate regional teleconnections forming the first and second principal components respectively. The RPCA-based NAO dipole pattern is like that observed in many prior studies, while the AO-like pattern exhibits high SLP variability over the Kara and Laptev seas. During winter however, and in annual analyses, a distinct AO-like pattern is not obtained and the two patterns may be inseparable using commonly accepted RPCA methods. The RPCA-based AO-like mode is significantly linked to north-central Siberian seasonal air temperatures and to the prevailing direction of motion of the underlying Arctic Ocean in summer, suggesting that the non-winter AO-like pattern, as a stand alone teleconnection separate from the NAO, contributes significantly to high-latitude climate and ocean variability. The winter NAO/AO inseparability is discussed as a possible effect of a shared winter storm track between the northeastern Atlantic and the Arctic. 相似文献
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重庆市伏旱时空变化特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用1961—2008年重庆34个台站的逐日降水资料,采用主成分分析、旋转主成分分析等方法对重庆伏旱变化的时空特征进行了分析。结果表明：重庆中西部是伏旱高频区,约10年7遇,且多重伏旱。重庆伏旱的第1载荷向量场表明重庆伏旱变化具有很好的整体一致性。重庆伏旱空间异常可分为4个区,即西部区、东北部区、东南部区和中部区。西部伏旱在1960—1970年代最强,东北部伏旱在90年代最强,其次是70年代,中部伏旱在70年代最强,其次是2000年以后,东南部伏旱的年代际变化趋势不明显,且伏旱整体较轻。 相似文献