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1.
刘卫平 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2012,6(5):1-6
根据2007年新疆气象台站环境综合调查评估结果和实地考察,选出北疆观测场环境受破坏较重的8个B类站,并依据相关规定选取8个A类对比站。利用各站1969—2008年逐月、逐年平均气温,最高、最低气温分别建立气温序列和气温差值序列。依据数理统计方法,借助SPSS软件对数据进行正态分布检验,分析气温序列和差值序列的变化趋势。研究发现:(1)所选站点气温呈现上升趋势,气温差值也呈现上升趋势,最低气温差值增大趋势显著,说明在气温升高的大背景下,B类代表站升温的速率大于A类代表站。(2)冬季对年平均气温、最低气温差值的变化贡献率最大,夏季对最高气温差值的变化贡献率最大。(3)气温差值除个别站或要素外,后20 a高于前20 a,说明观测场环境的变化对气温差值序列的影响显著,且楼房等建筑物对气温的影响大于树木。 相似文献
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天气预报及气候预测需要准确、连续的气象观测资料,气候变化研究需要均一化的长序列数据,为了让气象科研业务人员对新旧站址气象观测资料的连续性状况以及站址变化对长时间序列中的影响进行了解,本文对甘肃15个发生迁移的台站的1年对比观测记录进行差值和差值标准差比较分析,研究台站迁移对气象要素的影响;通过SNHT方法对迁移距离最大的张掖站和海拔高差最大的宁县站进行均一化检验,研究台站迁移对长序列数据的影响。结果显示：从差值和差值标准差情况看,新站址气温偏低,风速偏高,相对湿度大部分新站偏大,台站迁移对平均气温和最低气温的影响大于对最高气温的影响,平均气温、最低气温单站差值大的站迁移的距离和高差相对也大;从差值绝对值和标准差与台站迁移距离及海拔高差的相关性看,海拔高差对最高气温和平均风速影响较大,而迁移距离对平均气温、最低气温、相对湿度影响较大;从选择的代表台站序列均一性检验结果看,显示迁移直线距离大或者海拔高差大会对气温序列造成非均一性影响,但是否在某阈值范围会有影响以及对其他要素的影响还需要深入研究。希望科研业务人员在使用气温资料的时候要注意到台站迁移可能带来的影响。 相似文献
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西北区东部近40年地面气温变化的分析 总被引：14，自引：8，他引：14
采用面积权重方法,利用甘肃、青海、陕西、宁夏四省(区)及内蒙古西部100个气象观测站1960—2002年逐月月平均的地面气温、最高气温及最低气温资料,分析了年平均气温及年极端气温的变化。结果表明:西北区东部的气候在近十几年变得更加极端,气温呈现一致的上升趋势。在1986—1987年发生转折,由低于气候平均值变为高于气候平均值。1986年以前气温异常偏低的区域面积占绝对优势,几乎没有出现最低气温异常偏高的区域,而1967年又是气温异常偏低区域面积、偏低幅度最大的一年。1987年以后,气温异常偏高的区域面积占绝对优势,几乎没有出现最低气温异常偏低区域,1990年代后期的升温更加显著,温差减小,气温异常偏高区域明显扩大,特别是1997—2002年最高气温异常偏高的区域面积达50%以上,1998年是气温异常偏高区域面积最大、偏高幅度最大的一年。平均气温与极端气温的变率不完全相同,最低气温上升趋势比平均气温和最高气温还要明显。通过比较认为,面积权重平均的统计方法对揭示气候异常的强度和影响范围要好于简单的站点平均。 相似文献
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王秋香 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2015,9(3):1-6
本文采用新疆13个已迁站新旧站1年对比观测资料,分别计算新旧站资料的绝对差值及差值标准差与迁徙距离和海拔高差的相关系数,分析迁站距离和海拔高差对新旧站资料差异的影响结果表明,年平均气温、最低气温、最高气温、相对湿度新旧站绝对差值和标准差与台站迁徙距离和新旧站海拔高差为正相关,新旧站年风向相符率与台站迁徙距离和海拔高差为负相关;其中,迁站距离对最高气温和风向相符率影响最为显著,最高气温的年值绝对差值及年风向相符率与台站迁徙距离相关系数通过了保证率为95%的显著性检验;而台站迁徙前后海拔高差对平均气温、最低气温、相对湿度影响更为显著,即新旧站平均气温、最低气温、相对湿度的年值绝对差值与新旧站海拔高差的相关系数通过了保证率为95%的显著性检验。山区由于地形复杂年平均气温、年最低气温、年相对湿度的绝对差值比多数平原站大一倍以上,且风向相符率都比平原站小一个量级;在极其干旱的东疆吐鲁番地区迁站,由于地表环境差距较大,使年平均气温、最低气温、相对湿度绝对差值和标准差比其它站大,而风向相符率都比其它站小。 相似文献
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近50年西双版纳最高最低气温对气候变化的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1961-2010年景洪逐月平均最高气温、平均最低气温、14:00平均气温、02:00平均气温,采用气候倾向率、累积距平、信噪比等气候统计方法,研究了近50年西双版纳平均最高气温、平均最低气温的变化趋势、气候突变和异常年份等.结果表明:除春季平均最高气温、14:00平均气温略呈下降趋势外,年、季各平均最高气温、平均最低气温、14:00平均气温、02:00平均气温等各项气温指标均呈显著的升高趋势,升幅为0.208～0.544℃/10a,以冬季升幅最大;平均最高气温、平均最低气温在1978年均发生了突变,以突变点划分,前为冷期,后为暖期,突变前以平均最低气温偏低最明显,突变后以平均最低气温偏高最明显,表明20世纪70年代末以来,平均最低气温对气候变暖的响应更强;平均最高气温、平均最低气温异常偏低年主要发生在20世纪60-70年代,异常偏高年主要发生在20世纪80年代后,以2000年以来尤为明显,这与21世纪中国大部分地区气温依然在变暖是一致的. 相似文献
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利用143个国家基准站2002—2010年自动与人工逐日平行观测资料进行对比分析,评估自动观测与人工观测气温的差异,着重分析两者存在的较大差异及其发生原因,并利用惩罚最大t检验（PMT）方法结合台站元数据中自动观测仪器变化信息,客观评价自动观测对气温序列均一性的影响。结果表明：(1) 51.29%、54.14%、67.18%的自动观测日平均、日最高、日最低气温大于人工观测值,差值在±0.2℃之间的百分率分别为78.8%、63.1%、60.9%,平均对比差值分别为0.05、0.09、0.15℃,标准差为0.14、0.22和0.15℃,各气温要素的差值、绝对差值和标准差随自动观测时间的增长并无明显的增大或减小的趋势,且空间分布各有不同;(2)通过对对比差值、绝对差值、标准差的分类比较、逐步筛选发现,少数台站自动与人工观测值差异较大,对于采集自同一传感器的不同气温要素,平均、最高、最低气温的差值表现也不尽一致。经PMT检验,在平均气温、最高气温和最低气温的绝对差值最大的20个站中分别有35%的台站的月平均气温序列、35%的台站的月平均最高气温序列和25%的台站的月平均最低气温序列由于自动观测仪器变化引起序列的非均一;(3) 分析认为：温度传感器检定更换而导致的仪器示值误差变化会造成自动与人工观测对比差值跳变,而温度传感器或数据采集器等电子元器件的零点漂移会导致自动观测气温严重偏离人工观测值,这两种因素会导致自动与人工观测气温差异偏大,也是自动观测仪器变化导致气温序列产生非均一断点的可能原因。建议加强自动观测数据的监测与质量控制,增加观测仪器检定示值误差订正,并采取硬件、软件补偿等方法,实现温度零点补偿,尽可能地减小或消除仪器误差,提高自动观测资料的准确性。 相似文献
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采用线性倾向估计方法计算了呼和浩特站四季及年平均气温、平均最高、平均最低气温及极端最高、极端最低气温、气温日较差多年来的变化趋势,并用最优二分割方法、Mann-kendall非参数统计检验方法对平均气温、平均最高、平均最低气温进行气候阶段划分和突变检验.结果表明各个季节和年平均气温都存在显著的增高趋势,其中冬季和年平均气温增温趋势非常显著;最高、最低气温存在明显的非对称变化,增温主要发生在夜间,无论平均最低气温还是极端最低气温都存在显著的增高趋势,气温日较差都呈显著下降趋势.平均气温、平均最低气温、平均最高气温在1986年前后发生了明显突变. 相似文献
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采用线性倾向估计方法计算了呼和浩特站四季及年平均气温、平均最高、平均最低气温及极端最高、极端最低气温、气温日较差多年来的变化趋势，并用最优二分割方法、Mann-kendall非参数统计检验方法对平均气温、平均最高、平均最低气温进行气候阶段划分和突变检验。结果表明：各个季节和年平均气温都存在显著的增高趋势，其中冬季和年平均气温增温趋势非常显著；最高、最低气温存在明显的非对称变化，增温主要发生在夜间，无论平均最低气温还是极端最低气温都存在显著的增高趋势，气温日较差都呈显著下降趋势。平均气温、平均最低气温、平均最高气温在1986年前后发生了明显突变。 相似文献
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1978—2008年城市化对北京地区气温变化影响的初步分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
应用北京地区20个常规站1978-2008年经均一性序列多元分析方法均一化处理的气温数据,初步分析了北京地区城市化对年平均和不同季节日最高、最低以及平均气温的影响。结果表明,1978—2008年,年平均日最低、平均气温空间分布自北向南、自西向东,温度逐渐升高,在城区达到最高,日最高气温表现为从西向东南逐步升高,在城区形成较为明显的热岛。温度变化趋势表明,各站日最低气温、平均气温、最高气温均呈升温趋势。城市化对北京地区城区及近郊区站点日平均气温和最低气温影响最大,对自北部佛爷顶至昌平到城区一带站点的最高气温影响最大。城市化对北京(观象台)站的增温影响最为明显,对城区站点温度平均的增温影响次之,对全市站点温度平均的增温影响最小。城市化对观象台站、城区站点平均、全市站点平均日平均气温、最低气温的年平均、各季节均非常显著,其中在秋季影响最大,对日最高气温的影响则是在夏季最大。 相似文献
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Temperature trend over Italy from 1961 to 2004 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Summary In order to evaluate the temperature trend over Italy, minimum and maximum daily temperatures reported by SYREP messages from
49 meteorological stations of the national air force weather service from 1961 to 2004 have been collected, controlled and
used to calculate the annual series of mean temperature anomalies over Italy, with respect to the 30-years climatological
period 1961–1990. Monthly temperature series were homogenized in order to eliminate the effects of non-climatic factors. Then,
three trend models (linear, piecewise and sloped steps) were applied and the trends of mean temperature and average minimum
and maximum temperature, together with their confidence intervals, were estimated. The results indicate a negative trend for
the period 1961–1981, a more pronounced positive trend from 1981 to 2004, and an increase of the average daily temperature
range for the whole period.
Authors’ address: Andrea Toreti, Franco Desiato, Agenzia per la Protezione dell’Ambiente e per i Servizi Tecnici (APAT), Dipartimento
Stato dell’ambiente e metrologia ambientale, Servizio sviluppo sostenibilie e cambiamenti climatici, Settore clima e meteorologia,
Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy. 相似文献
13.
The observed long-term trends in extreme temperatures in Hong Kong were studied based on the meteorological data recorded at the Hong Kong Observatory Headquarters from 1885-2008. Results show that, over the past 124 years, the extreme daily minimum and maximum temperatures, as well as the length of the warm spell in Hong Kong, exhibit statistically significant long-term rising trends, while the length of the cold spell shows a statistically significant decreasing trend. The time-dependent return period analysis also indicated that the return period for daily minimum temperature at 4°C or lower lengthened considerably from 6 years in 1900 to over 150 years in 2000, while the return periods for daily maximum temperature reaching 35°C or above shortened drastically from 32 years in 1900 to 4.5 years in 2000. Past trends in extreme temperatures from selected weather stations in southern China from 1951-2004 were also assessed. Over 70% of the stations studied yielded a statistically significant rising trend in extreme daily minimum temperature, while the trend for extreme maximum temperatures was found to vary, with no significant trend established for the majority of stations. 相似文献
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利用“中国地面气候资料日值数据集(V3.0)”1980～2017年的地面日平均气温、最高气温和最低气温资料,按照四川盆地寒潮业务标准统计分析了38年四川盆地出现的77次区域寒潮特征及其日平均气温、最高气温和最低气温的变化特征,结果发现:近38年四川盆地区域寒潮频次呈不显著的增加趋势,增速为0.18次/10a,而强度呈显著增强趋势,增速为1.14℃/10a;平均最高气温和最低气温均表现为弱的升高趋势,且冬季比春、秋季升温趋势显著。寒潮天气过程中24h内主要表现为最高气温的下降,最低气温普遍下降不明显且近50%的站点趋于上升;最高气温累计降幅,春、秋季明显大于冬季,而最低气温累计降幅季节差异不大。给出72h气温累计变化趋势,类同24h。 相似文献
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RUDOLF O. WEBER PETER TALKNER INGEBORG AUER REINHARD BÖHM MARJANA GAJIĆ-ČAPKA KSENIJA ZANINOVIĆ RUDOLF BRÁZDIL PAVEL FAŠKO 《Climatic change》1997,36(3-4):327-344
Daily maximum and minimum temperatures from 29 low-lying and mountain stations of 7 countries in Central Europe were analyzed. The analysis of the annual variation of diurnal temperature range helps to distinguish unique climatic characteristics of high and low altitude stations. A comparison of the time series of extreme daily temperatures as well as mean temperature shows a good agreement between the low-lying stations and the mountain stations. Many of the pronounced warm and cold periods are present in all time series and are therefore representative for the whole region. A linear trend analysis of the station data for the period 1901–1990 (19 stations) and 1951–1990 (all 29 stations) shows spatial patterns of similar changes in maximum and minimum daily temperatures and diurnal temperature range. Mountain stations show only small changes of the diurnal temperature range over the 1901–1990 period, whereas the low-lying stations in the western part of the Alps show a significant decrease of diurnal temperature range, caused by strong increase of the minimum temperature. For the shorter period 1951–1990, the diurnal temperature range decreases at the western low-lying stations, mainly in spring, whereas it remains roughly constant at the mountain stations. The decrease of diurnal temperature range is stronger in the western part than in the eastern part of the Alps. 相似文献
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The present study is about the analysis of mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures carried out on annual, seasonal, and monthly timescales examining the data from 15 meteorological stations in Bangladesh for the period 1961–2008. Various spatial and statistical tools were used to display and analyze trends in temperature data. ArcGIS was used to produce the spatially distributed temperature data by using Thiessen polygon method. The nonparametric Mann–Kendall test was used to determine whether there is a positive or negative trend in data with their statistical significance. Sen’s method was also used to determine the magnitude of the trends. The results reveal positive trends in annual mean and mean maximum temperatures with 95 % significance. Trend test reveals that the significant positive trend is found in June to November in case of mean maximum temperature, but according to the mean minimum temperature, the situation is different and a significant positive trend was found from November to February. The analysis of the whole record reveals a tendency toward warmer years, with significantly warmer summer periods and slightly colder winters. These warming patterns may have important impacts on energy consumption, water supply, human health, and natural environment in Bangladesh. 相似文献
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On the basis of the mean annual and seasonal temperatures from 30 meteorological stations in the Jinsha River Basin (JRB) from 1961 to 2008, the temperature trends are analyzed by using Mann–Kendall test and linear trend analysis. There is an increasing trend in mean annual and seasonal temperatures during this period, and the increasing trends in winter seem more significant than those in the other three seasons. The mean annual temperature has increased by 0.0158°C/year during the last 48 years. There are more than 70% of stations exhibiting increasing trends for annual and seasonal temperatures. The increasing trends in the headwater and upper reaches are more dominant than those in the middle and lower reaches. The largest increase magnitude occurred in the low temperature area, while the largest decrease magnitude occurred in the high temperature area. The decreasing trends are mainly characterized for the maximum temperature time series, and summer is the only season showing a slight and insignificant increasing trend. All the time series showed a statistically significant increasing trend at the level of α?=?0.05 for the minimum temperature time series. As a whole, the increasing magnitude of the minimum temperature is significantly greater than the decreasing magnitude of the maximum temperature. 相似文献
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以高山站为背景研究城市化对气温变化趋势的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文基于1957~2005年的逐日气象资料,对比分析了中国东部7组高山气象站和山下附近的城市气象站年 与四季气温变化趋势.在此基础上,利用高山站作为气候变化背景场来分析城市化对平均气温、最高气温、最低气温变化趋势影响的性质和程度,及其对气温变化非对称性的影响.结果表明:平均气温和最低气温变化趋势城市站多比高山站大,而最高气温变化趋势高山站多比城市站大;城市站最低气温变化趋势均大于最高气温变化趋势,具有明显的非对称性现象,而高山站这种表现十分微弱.城市站气温变化受到明显的城市化影响,对于平均气温和最低气温以正影响为主,而对于最高气温为负影响为主,说明城市化对气温变化的影响也存在非对称性.城市化影响的非对称性是气温变化非对称性形成的主要因素. 相似文献
20.
Detection and Adjustment of Undocumented Discontinuities
in Chinese Temperature Series Using a Composite Approach 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Annually averaged daily maximum and minimum surface temperatures from southeastern China
were evaluated for artificial discontinuities using three different tests for undocumented changepoints.
Changepoints in the time series were identified by comparing each target series to a reference
calculated from values observed at a number of nearby stations. Under the assumption that no trend
was present in the sequence of target-reference temperature differences, a changepoint was assigned
to the target series when at least two of the three tests rejected the null hypothesis of no
changepoint at approximately the same position in the difference series. Each target series then
was adjusted using a procedure that accounts for discontinuities in average temperature values from
nearby stations that otherwise could bias estimates of the magnitude of the target series step change.
A spatial comparison of linear temperature trends in the adjusted annual temperature series suggests
that major relative discontinuities were removed in the homogenization process. A greater number of
relative change points were detected in annual average minimum than in average maximum temperature
series. Some evidence is presented which suggests that minimum surface temperature fields may be
more sensitive to changes in measurement practice than maximum temperature fields. In addition,
given previous evidence of urban heat island (i.e., local) trends in this region, the assumption
of no slope in a target-reference difference series is likely to be violated more frequently in
minimum than in maximum temperature series. Consequently, there may be greater potential to
confound trend and step changes in minimum temperature series. 相似文献