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本文以传统机器学习算法XGBoost和深度学习算法CU-Net为基础,针对北京快速更新无缝隙融合与集成预报系统（RISE系统）预报的北京冬奥会延庆及张家口赛区100米分辨率的冬季近地面10 m风速数据,进行每日逐小时起报的未来逐6小时间隔的冬奥高山站点及其周边地区风速预报偏差订正方法研究和对比分析。对于站点订正,首先将RISE系统预测的10 m风速插值到对应的自动气象站站点,然后根据风速等级表归类,针对每个分类单独构建XGBoost模型,每个区间模型合并后形成L-XGBoost,使用均方根误差和预报准确率作为评分标准,结果表明风速归类的L-XGBoost算法订正效果比不归类的原始XGBoost模型有一定提升,说明在传统机器学习中加入归类方法有助于改善复杂山地站点风速预报技巧。对于站点及其周边地区风速订正,本文在CUNet模型基础上,通过引入不同深度的CU-Net子网络,构建了新的算法模型CU-Net++,并考虑了预报日变化误差和复杂地形对10 m风速的影响,以自动气象站为中心构建空间小区域样本数据,对RISE系统风速预报偏差进行订正。试验结果表明,CU-Net和CU-Net++均可以充... 相似文献
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海面风速对航运及海上生产作业影响重大,但数值模式对于海面的风速预报仍存在较大误差。为降低数值模式海面10 m风速预报的系统性误差,提高海上大风预报准确率,基于2017—2019年中国气象局地面气象观测资料对ECMWF确定性模式的10 m风场预报结果进行检验评估,并采用概率密度匹配方法对模式误差进行订正。分析结果表明,概率密度匹配方法可有效地改善数值模式10 m风速预报的系统性误差,订正后风速在各个预报时效和风速量级的平均误差均较订正前有所降低。对于大量级风速的预报,经概率密度匹配方法订正后的风速预报的漏报率可减少10%以上。订正后12 h预报时效的8、9级风速预报的平均绝对误差分别由4.15 m/s、5.61 m/s降低至3.12 m/s、4.08 m/s,120 h预报时效的8、9级风速预报的平均绝对误差由7.38 m/s、9.35 m/s减小至6.46 m/s、8.07 m/s。在冷空气、台风大风天气过程中,基于概率密度匹配方法订正后的风速与实况观测更接近,能够为我国近海洋面10 m风速的预报提供更准确的参考。 相似文献
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利用2001—2020年河北省142个国家气象站逐日最大风速资料分析了近20年河北风速变化背景。择选2021年2—5月张家口、崇礼区域日极大风速13.9 m/s以上、日10 min平均风速最大值8 m/s以上的30个代表日，运用张承高速公路沿线崇礼国家气象站、南窝铺及场地2套区域气象站、高家营及西湾子2套交通气象站的逐分钟风向风速观测资料，ECMWF数值模式输出的地面10 m风预报资料，以及3″分辨率的SRTM3地形资料，应用Meteodyn WT模型对张承高速公路沿线2个解域区域内的风预报结果进行了订正和检验。结果表明：WT模型输出风速与实际观测风速相关系数可达0.6225并通过0.001显著性检验，各代表站模拟的结果与实况的误差80%以上在±2 m/s之间，地形开阔处误差明显减小；风向也表现出很高的一致性。说明应用WT模型对山区高速公路沿线风数值预报进行订正是可行的，各地可结合本地地形数据以及相对稳定可靠的风的数值预报产品作为WT模型的驱动数据源，开展本地山区高速公路沿线风的订正应用。 相似文献
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为降低风电场短期预报风速误差,减少风电场短期风功率偏差积分电量,提高风电场发电功率预测准确率,分季节研究了相似误差订正方法对ECMWF单台风机预报风速的订正效果。结果表明:相似误差订正后不同风机预报风速的误差差距减小;预报风速的平均绝对偏差和均方根误差明显降低,其中夏季和秋季华能义岗风电场两个指标降低幅度均超过0.1 m/s、会宁丁家沟风电场均超过0.2 m/s;订正风速削减了原始预报的极值,可反映大部分时段实况风速3 h内的趋势变化,个别时段订正风速与实况趋势相反;订正后预报风速在风功率敏感区的平均绝对偏差明显降低,华能义岗风电场四季降低幅度在0.112~0.242 m/s之间、会宁丁家沟风电场四季降低幅度在0.131~0.430 m/s之间,有效降低了原始预报误差带来的短期风功率偏差积分电量扣分值;订正风速较原始预报更多分布在风功率敏感区。该方法实际应用灵活,对提高风电场短期预报风速准确率有可观的效果,并可有效减少短期风功率偏差积分电量考核。 相似文献
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基于线性回归方法、梯度提升回归方法(GBRT方法)、XGBoost方法和堆叠集成学习方法(Stacking方法)4种机器学习方法,采用误差分析建模思路,针对北京城市气象研究院研发的睿图-睿思系统对2020年12月—2021年11月所有起报时次未来3~12 h的2 m温度、2 m相对湿度、10 m风速以及10 m风向4种气象要素预报,开展京津冀复杂地形下的站点预报误差订正技术研究及试验应用。结果表明:基于预报误差分析构建的4种订正模型中,由于Stacking方法集成了前3种方法的优势,在4个季节的4种气象要素订正中均表现最佳,其他3种单一机器学习方法试验中,XGBoost方法表现最佳,其后依次为GBRT方法、线性回归方法,但均对预报准确率有明显的正向提升效果。总体上,基于机器学习方法构建的预报误差订正模型可有效降低系统原始预报误差,有助于进一步提升复杂地形下站点客观释用产品的预报准确性。 相似文献
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利用以中尺度数值模式WRF/CALMET作为风电场预报系统的动力模块,及BP神经网络法(BP-ANN)作为风电场预报系统的统计订正方法,对重庆市齐跃山风电场进行了一次时间分辨率为5 min的24 h风速、风功率的滚动预报试验,探讨了适用于中国典型内陆山区的风电场预报系统。结果显示:以WRF/CALMET/BP组成的动力—统计预报系统能够较好地模拟出内陆山区的风场特征,系统对正午至傍晚时段的风速预报准确率较高。WRF/CALMET动力模式对于风速中心振幅的模拟能力较好,经过BP神经网络订正后,模拟结果会趋于均值。不同风速段中,模式对低风速段(3~8 m·s^(-1))的预报效果较好,BP神经网络对中风速段(8~14 m·s^(-1))预报结果的订正效果最明显。 相似文献
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北京冬奥服务对站点气象要素预报提出了明确需求,2 m气温预报偏差在±2℃以内,10 m风速预报平均偏差小于观测的30%,文中提出一种基于相似集合嵌套一元线性回归的预报方法—嵌套相似集合（AnEn-Ne）,该方法基于相似集合思路,在满足一定条件时,启动其嵌套一元线性回归提供订正预报。冬奥赛期（2021年11月1日—2022年3月15日）实时业务预报表明,嵌套相似集合具有较好的预报效果,相对业务数值模式（CMA-BJ）预报,预报精度显著提高,相对相似集合预报和一元线性回归预报精度明显提高,其预报结果满足冬奥服务需求。复杂地形下的要素预报检验表明,CMA-BJ模式预报2 m气温虽然存在较明显的系统偏差,但与观测相关较强,对观测的表征意义明显,订正后能有效消除复杂地形影响,10 m风速模式预报偏差振荡明显,模式预报与观测相关较弱,表征意义差,订正后站间差异明显;改进CMA-BJ模式复杂地形区近地面风速预报对观测的表征意义,可进一步提高该预报方法对10 m风速订正预报的精度。 相似文献
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为了实现更准确的站点风预报,结合中尺度数值模式WRF预报结果和自动气象站观测数据,采用反距离加权插值法,将模式网格和观测站点的数据进行融合构建训练集,利用3种机器学习方法对WRF预报的风场结果进行订正,优化风场预报准确率。其中随机森林模型实现风速的预报均方根误差(RMSE)平均降低了18.22%,风向降低了15.97%;LightGBM模型对于风速、风向的RMSE平均降低了18.60%和17.56%;深度神经网络模型对于风速、风向的RMSE平均降低了5.53%和9.10%。对2020年宁波市9个大风过程进行检验,利用LightGBM模型对于3个站点预报进行订正,结果表明风速的RMSE从4.61 m/s下降到2.14 m/s,平均降低了53.58%,风向的RMSE从30.31°下降到18.20°,平均降低了39.95%。 相似文献
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提出一种基于数值模式预报产品的气温预报集成学习误差订正方法,通过人工神经网络、长短期记忆网络和线性回归模型组合出新的集成学习模型（ALS模型）,采用2013—2017年的欧洲中期天气预报中心数值天气预报模式2 m气温预报产品和中国部分气象站点数据,利用气象站点气温、风速、气压、相对湿度4个观测要素,挖掘观测数据的时序特征并结合模式2 m气温预报结果训练机器学习模型,对2018年模式2 m气温6~168 h格点预报产品插值到站点后的预报结果进行偏差订正。结果表明:ALS模型可将站点气温预报整体均方根误差由3.11℃降至2.50℃,降幅达0.61℃（19.6%）,而传统的线性回归模型降幅为0.23℃（8.4%）。ALS模型对站点气温预报误差较大的区域和气温峰值预报的订正效果尤为显著,因此,集成学习方法在数值模式预报结果订正中具有较大的应用潜力。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献