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诱发山洪泥石流特强暴雨的中尺度雨团活动和雷达回波特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山洪泥石流灾害具有突发性，按天气尺度划分属于中尺度系统。本文用中尺度分析的方法分析了诱发山洪泥石流特强暴雨雨团和雷达回波特征，从而揭示出山洪泥石流特强暴雨雨团的活动规律和雷达回波演变特征，寻找诱发山洪泥石流灾害的预报依据。 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测资料、区域加密自动站资料、GPS-PWV数据和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料等,对2012年8月21日南昌短时大暴雨过程(8·21南昌大暴雨)进行分析,重点讨论了局地大暴雨的形成原因。结果表明:中纬度低压槽、东北方副高和东南方热带系统三者鼎立,致使江西北部聚集了高能量的不稳定大气,并在南昌附近产生局地强对流运动,导致了江西北部局地大暴雨的产生;地形抬升是8·21南昌大暴雨的直接诱因,由于梅岭山脉抬升作用,使不稳定大气上升到其自由对流高度以上,在梅岭山脉附近发展成中尺度气旋,气旋沿冷暖空气所形成的中尺度辐合线移到南昌市区附近,并在此地维持了3h;8·21南昌大暴雨是由多个强或特强的中小尺度降雨中心组成的,地面中尺度气旋、高CAPE值、高θ_(se)、强的水汽辐合等因素使得MCS得以长时间维持,使得中小尺度降雨中心在南昌市周边源源不断地生成发展。总结(8·21南昌大暴雨)流型配置,以此构造出这种弱西南气流条件下的预报概念模型,可以为预报员捕捉到此类局地大暴雨天气提供技术指导。 相似文献
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本文分析了1989年7月21日发生在内蒙古西部伊克昭盟鄂尔多斯高原上大暴雨过程的中尺度系统。分析表明，内蒙古西中部的暴雨和南方暴雨一样具有明显的中尺度特征，造成这次大暴雨过程的中尺度系统主要有中尺度切变线，风速辐合线及辐合区，雷暴高压，中低压。同时初步探讨了大暴雨形成的原因是地面切变线，中尺度冷锋停滞。 相似文献
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利用FY卫星、新一代天气雷达、区域自动站及GFS/NCAR 0.5°×0.5°再分析资料,对2012年6月4日发生在新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州境内的一次罕见大暴雨进行中尺度特征分析。分析结果表明:(1)高空冷槽是主要影响系统,地面中尺度辐合中心和中尺度切变线等中尺度天气系统与大暴雨的形成和分布关系密切。(2)显著的不稳定能量是产生暴雨的重要因素,特殊的地形对水汽辐合抬升起到了关键作用。(3)暴雨发生在MCS中云顶亮温小于-55℃且长时间维持的冷云盖边缘。人字形回波头部、逗点云尖点处长时间维持50 d Bz以上的多单体风暴是形成大暴雨的主要原因。 相似文献
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云南冷锋切变型暴雨的中尺度特征分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用T106数值预报产品资料，通过中尺度滤波方法，提取云南冷锋切变型暴雨过程中的中尺度降水系统，对其有关物理量的特征及演变进行了分析。研究发现，通过中尺度滤波方法，可以从常规的数值预报产品资料中有效分离出直接导致暴雨的中尺度天气系统，通过对这些中尺度系统的分析及追踪，可以为暴雨预报提供更为客观的预报依据；水汽的强辐合时段与暴雨降落时段有较好的对应关系，暴雨落区比水汽的强辐合区域要稍偏向于水汽输送的下游方向；在该型暴雨的发生过程中，北部冷平流具有十分重要的作用，但南部暖平流的作用也不可忽视。 相似文献
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对2004年7月16、17日出现在临沂市的大暴雨过程的进行中尺度分析，应用MM5v3．6非静力中尺度模式，用美国NCEP再分析资料作初始场，采用双向三重嵌套模式，进行高分辨的数值模拟。分析揭示了这次大暴雨的天气尺度背景和中尺度系统的发生和发展的结构及演变，结果表明：高低空急流的有利配合为暴雨过程提供环境条件，大暴雨出现在高空西风急流轴线出口区与低空西南风急流轴向出口区北侧之间；数值模拟看出：在强降水产生时，雨区上空存在较强的中-β尺度系统，该系统有强而窄的垂直上升运动、上下垂直的辐散辐合结构，强烈的对流不稳定，在对流层低层还存在对称性不稳定。低空急流提供充沛的水汽，并通过强而窄的上升运动向高层输送。 相似文献
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初夏青藏高原东侧一次特大暴雨的综合分析 总被引：23，自引：10，他引：13
分析了2002年初夏发生在高原东侧的一次特大暴雨,认为这次暴雨的成因是新疆低槽与高原槽合并东移并引导较强冷空气在高原东侧与四川至陕西的西南暖湿气流交汇而形成的。高空西风急流增强、我国东部高压的阻挡及低层偏南暖湿气流的加强、北伸为发生暴雨提供了有利条件。冷锋前暖区内中β尺度对流系统(MβCSs)的活跃直接导致了特大暴雨的发生。低层中尺度辐合系统与中β尺度对流云团的活动、大暴雨出现的时间和落区等密切相关。中尺度对流系统(MCSs)散度垂直分布的特殊结构,即从对流层低层列高层存在的辐合辐散“双重结构”对大暴雨时强烈上升运动和深对流形成有着重要作用。 相似文献
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2005年7月25日辽东半岛南部及海峡地区发生了大暴雨天气。利用中尺度模式MM5的双向二重嵌套网格对其进行模拟, 表明该模式对这次暴雨过程有较好的模拟能力。模拟的地面气压场及流场基本与客观分析场一致。模拟结果较好地再现了辽东半岛大暴雨的大尺度和中尺度天气系统的发展和演变, 揭示了造成此次暴雨的中尺度系统结构为高空强辐散, 低空强辐合及对应的强上升运动和气旋性涡柱是造成此次暴雨的动力机制, 低空西南气流对这次暴雨的产生和发展起着重要的作用。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献