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中国天气发生器非降水变量模拟参数分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对基于马尔可夫链的理查森型中国天气发生器降水模拟已经有过比较系统的研究,但对非降水变量的模拟及其参数的分布特征等的研究还有待进一步深入。文中根据中国669个站点1971—2000年的逐日降水、最高气温、最低气温和日照时数资料,分干、湿两种状态计算了中国天气发生器各非降水变量的模拟参数——干、湿日条件下平均值和标准差的傅立叶系数以及各变量残差序列之间当天和后延一天的自相关、互相关系数,并分析了这些模拟参数在中国的空间分布规律,为中国天气发生器的进一步推广应用以及模拟参数的空间插值提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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湖面降水是影响湖泊水量和水质的重要因素之一,对湖面降水的研究有利于湖泊水环境的研究和治理。本文利用洱海周边11个气象站降水观测数据,对洱海周边站点的降水进行分析,并基于自然邻点插值法对洱海湖面降水进行分辨率为0.01°的网格插值,分析洱海湖面降水的分布特征。结果表明:洱海湖面降水分布时空差异显著,时间上具有季节性特征,夏季最多,秋季次之,冬季最少;空间上存在显著分布不均,降水高值中心位于洱海中部靠西岸湖湾区域,低值中心位于东南部湖区,最大格点降水量是最小格点的1.9倍;湖面降水存在明显的季节性空间振荡特征,降水的高值中心夏季略有北移向外呈发散性递减。洱海湖面降水时空分布特征的研究为大气湿沉降敏感区域和时段的划分提供数据支持,同时为湖泊水环境研究治理提供科学的技术支持。 相似文献
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基于1980—2020年秋季江西省83个气象观测站逐月降水数据,利用EOF方法分析了该地区秋季降水的时空分布特征。结果表明,江西省秋季降水场主要有4种类型,分别为全区型、北湿(干)南干(湿)型、西湿(干)东干(湿)型、中心湿(干)南北干(湿)型,累计贡献率为86.7%。1980—2020年,全区型和中心湿(干)南北干(湿)型降水呈增加趋势,而北湿(干)南干(湿)型和西湿(干)东干(湿)型降水呈下降趋势。其中全区型降水分布的年份占比75.6%,主要受大尺度大气环流的影响。北湿（干）南干（湿）型降水分布的年份占比17.1%,这是由于赣北地区受地形抬升作用,降水较多,而中南部在背风坡,降水较少,同时秋季赣北处于副热带高压边缘,且受到台风外围的影响,易发生降水,使得南北降水呈反相位变化。 相似文献
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东北春夏季降水气温异常的时空分布以及与旱涝的关系 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
龚 《南京气象学院学报》2003,26(3):349-357
利用东北地区19个测站的1951--2000年逐月降水、气温资料，采用综合的经验正交函数展开等诊断方法，研究了春、夏季节降水、气温异常的空间分布特征、时间变化规律以及与旱涝年份之间的关系。结果表明，所得到的降水、气温异常的典型配置场及其时间系数能较好地反映东北地区降水、气温异常的时空特征，且夏季时间系数出现极值的年份与东北地区不同区域发生较严重旱涝的年份存在很好的对应关系。 相似文献
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利用我国西北地区1960—2003年131个测站降水和小型蒸发皿蒸发量资料, 综合考虑降水和蒸发这两个水分平衡最关键的分量构造了降水蒸发均一化干湿指数, 进而研究了西北地区干湿的时空演变特征。结果表明:一致性异常是西北地区近44年干湿特征的最主要空间分布模态; 西北地区干湿异常特征主要分为西风带气候区型, 高原气候区型和季风气候区型; 整个西北地区及其西风带气候区、高原气候区年干湿特征呈较为显著的变湿趋势, 大约在20世纪70年代中期均发生了由干向湿的突变, 而季风气候区表现为变干趋势, 并且在90年代前期发生了由湿向干的突变; 整个西北地区及各分区近44年来主要以年代际周期振荡为主。 相似文献
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采用1960~2012年5~6月中国东北地区实况降水资料,依据东北冷涡活动客观识别方法,研究东北冷涡活动对东北地区初夏降水的影响,结果表明:5~6月每次东北冷涡过程维持时间以3~7天为主,且具有频发特征,东北冷涡降水累计量占总降水量的62.5%,给出冷涡降水月强度指数,与同期月降水量年际变化具有很好一致性;东北地区初夏降水与东北冷涡降水EOF分解主要模态十分相近,前两个模态分别为全区一致和东北、西南降水相反分布,各占方差贡献的46.8%与42.7%。冷涡降水具有显著“累积效应”,该累计效应可总体反映初夏东北地区降水异常分布特征,进一步揭示东北冷涡活动的气候学特征。 相似文献
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利用Lamb-Jenkinson大气环流分型方法, 将1951—2004年逐日的海平面气压场分型, 得到27种不同的环流型, 研究了大气环流型与我国东北地区降水的关系。给出了8种出现频率最高的主要环流型出现的规律及它们平均的环流形势, 分析了8种主要环流型下东北地区降水异常分布状况, 并选出东北地区资料齐全、有代表性的9个站点进行了深入细致地分析, 成功地建立了降水与环流型出现频率的统计关系, 并用此重建了9个代表站54年的降水序列。结果表明:Lamb-Jenkinson大气环流分型方法可以很好地应用于我国东北地区, 由此划分的环流型符合实际情况; 8种主要环流型与降水的空间分布特征有很好的对应关系; 所建立的9个代表站降水距平回归方程能够解释近54年各站的大部分降水变化, 进一步证明了东北地区降水与大气环流之间的密切关系。 相似文献
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中国台风降水的气候特征 总被引：17，自引：5，他引：12
对中国台风降水的时空分布特征进行研究,发现台风降水分布在中国中东部广大地区,台风降水量自东南沿海向西北内陆逐渐减少.台风降水最大值出现在台湾岛的中东部地区和海南岛的个别地区,年平均台风降水量大于700 mm,最小值出现在内蒙古、山西、陕西、四川的部分地区,年平均台风降水量不足10 mm.台风降水一般出现在4～12月,峰值出现在8月.1957～2004年期间台风降水呈下降趋势.台风降水的异常主要由于亚洲地区大气环流和赤道中东太平洋沃克环流的异常变化所引起.进一步分析发现,台风降水在中国大部分地区为减少趋势,且这种趋势在台湾岛、海南岛、东南沿海部分地区和东北南部较显著.台风暴雨是我国东南沿海及部分内陆地区的极端强降水事件之一,这些地区的暴雨和大暴雨很大程度上是台风带来的. 相似文献
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The preliminary analysis of climatic variation in China during the last 39 years has been made in this paper. The results show that although the global climate is getting warmer, some parts of China are cooling. The warming only occurs in Northeast, North and the west part of Northwest China while the areas between about 35oN and Nanling Mountain, east of the Tibetan Plateau in China are getting cooler. The cooling centers are located in Sichuan, the south part of Shaanxi and the north part of Yunnan respectively. According to the theory of greenhouse effect, there are much precipitation at low and high latitudes and less precipitation in middle latitude. However, the precipitation in the most parts of China has been decreased, especially in North and Northwest China. 相似文献
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The oscillation of multi-time scales and the process of transition between cold and warm periods over most parts of China and its 6 regions (the Northeast,North China,Changjiang River Valley,South China,the Southwest,the Northwest) were analyzed with wavelet transformation and by computing the variances of the wavelet components for the temperature grade series during January 1911 to February 2001,The prediction model for cold and warm periods has been developed and the trend of cold and warm change in the coming 10 years is predicted.The results show that the oscillation with periods of around 30-40 years was the strongest in the last 100 years and the 3-year oscillation in both winter and summer was also stronger,especially in winter.The transition time of cold and warm periods in terms of winter mean did not coincide with that of annual mean,but the difference between summer mean and annual mean is less.The processes of transition of 6 regions are somewhat different,their main characteristics are that the beginning year of significant warming for 1980s to 1990s was very different for the southern and the northern part of China.It is found that the stronger oscillation with 3-year period causes cooling in Northeast China in recent several winters.The experimental predictions show that the models used in the paper can project the major transition between high and low temperature periods. 相似文献
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An overview of dry-wet climate variability among monsoon-westerly regions and the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone in China 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
Climate in mainland China can be divided into the monsoon region in the southeast and
the westerly region in the northwest as well as the intercross zone, i.e., the monsoon northernmost
marginal active zone that is oriented from Southwest China to the upper Yellow River, North China,
and Northeast China. In the three regions, dry-wet climate changes are directly linked to the
interaction of the southerly monsoon flow on the east side of the Tibetan Plateau and the westerly
flow on the north side of the Plateau from the inter-annual to inter-decadal timescales. Some basic
features of climate variability in the three regions for the last half century and the historical
hundreds of years are reviewed in this paper.
In the last half century, an increasing trend of summer precipitation associated with the enhancing
westerly flow is found in the westerly region from Xinjiang to northern parts of North China and
Northeast China. On the other hand, an increasing trend of summer precipitation along the Yangtze
River and a decreasing trend of summer precipitation along the monsoon northernmost marginal active
zone are associated with the weakening monsoon flow in East Asia.
Historical documents are widely distributed in the monsoon region for hundreds of years and natural
climate proxies are constructed in the non-monsoon region, while two types of climate proxies can be
commonly found over the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone. In the monsoon region, dry-wet
variation centers are altered among North China, the lower Yangtze River, and South China from one
century to another. Dry or wet anomalies are firstly observed along the monsoon northernmost marginal
active zone and shifted southward or southeastward to the Yangtze River valley and South China in
about a 70-year timescale. Severe drought events are experienced along the monsoon northernmost
marginal active zone during the last 5 centuries. Inter-decadal dry-wet variations are depicted by
natural proxies for the last 4--5 centuries in several areas over the non-monsoon region.
Some questions, such as the impact of global warming on dry-wet regime changes in China, complex
interactions between the monsoon and westerly flows in Northeast China, and the integrated multi-proxy
analysis throughout all of China, are proposed. 相似文献
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CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPHOON PRECIPITATION OVER CHINA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The spatio-temporal characteristics of typhoon precipitation over China are analyzed in this
study. The results show that typhoon precipitation covers most of central-eastern China. Typhoon
precipitation gradually decreases from the southeastern coastal regions to the northwestern mainland. The
maximum annual typhoon precipitation exceeds 700 mm in central-eastern Taiwan and part of Hainan,
while the minimum annual typhoon precipitation occurs in parts of Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi and
Sichuan, with values less than 10 mm. Generally, typhoons produce precipitation over China during April
– December with a peak in August. The annual typhoon precipitation time series for observation stations
are examined for long-term trends. The results show that decreasing trends exist in most of the stations
from 1957 to 2004 and are statistically significant in parts of Taiwan, Hainan, coastal Southeast China and
southern Northeast China. The anomaly of typhoon precipitation mainly results from that of the general
circulation over Asia and the Walker Cell circulation over the equatorial central and eastern Pacific.
Typhoon torrential rain is one of the extreme rainfall events in the southeastern coastal regions and parts of
central mainland. In these regions, torrential rains are mostly caused by typhoons. 相似文献
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青藏高原为全球气候变化中的敏感区域。利用WRF3.5.1中尺度模式,选取青藏高原为关键区域,设计干、湿土壤湿度两组敏感试验,以探讨青藏高原土壤湿度异常对中国夏季短期区域气候产生的可能影响。结果表明：模式模拟的短期区域气候对土壤湿度十分敏感,湿土壤导致东北、内蒙古东北部以及华东地区降水增多,与此同时,全国大部分地区气温下降,且各地区表现较一致;干土壤导致西北、华北、华中以及西南除四川西部以外的地区降水减小,全国气温除华中地区以外,普遍升高。湿土壤对降水主要表现为正反馈作用,对气温表现为负反馈作用。干土壤则反之。 相似文献
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CHARACTERIZATION AND CAUSAL ANALYSIS OF TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIATION IN DRY-WET CONDITIONS IN AUTUMN IN SOUTHWEST CHINA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on the daily precipitation and temperature data of 97 stations in Southwest China(SW China) from1960 to 2009, a dry-wet index is calculated. The spatiotemporal variation characteristics of dry-wet conditions,precipitation and temperature are studied. Then the abnormal atmospheric circulation characteristics are discussed using reanalysis data. The results show that SW China has exhibited an overall trend of autumnal drought since the late1980 s, and this drought trend became more significant early in the 2000 s, especially in the eastern SW China. Autumnal dry-wet variation in southwestern China showed two major modes: consistent change across the entire region and opposing changes in the eastern and western regions. The spatial distribution of dry-wet anomalies was more significantly affected by precipitation, while temporal variation in dry-wet conditions was more strongly influenced by temperature. The former mode is affected by the anomalies of the precedent SST near the Western Pacific Warm Pool,the Western Pacific Subtropical High, the East Asian Trough and the South Trough. The latter mode is related to the wind anomalies in the eastern SW China and the vertical movement in the western and eastern SW China. These are the main influencing factors for the autumn dry-wet variation in SW China, which are of great significance to the prediction of drought. 相似文献
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解析气候变化的主要特征可为认识气候变化如何影响生态系统过程提供基础数据,也可为气候变化应对提供科技支撑。近几十年来,中国区域内的气温快速升高,对生态系统造成了极大的影响。但关于温度和降水时间变化趋势是否存在转折以及区域上是否存在差异的研究还较少。并且过去几十年的气温和降水变化已引起了水分盈亏的显著改变,而关于我国水分盈亏变化趋势的研究仍显不足,充分了解不同地区水分盈亏的变化,可以帮助我们更好地理解该地区的干湿变化,提升水资源的管理和利用效率。本文基于中国2479个气象站点的观测数据,利用分段回归方法分析了1981～2015年间年平均温度、年降水量以及水分盈亏的时间变化趋势及其转折点的时空格局,主要结果如下：（1）1981～2015年全国平均温度显著增加,且具有明显的阶段变化特征和地区差异：1991～1995年云南、东北北部温度变化发生转折,云南1991年之后开始显著增温。东北南部、华北大部分地区温度发生转折的时间为1996～2000年,南部沿海地区温度发生转折的时间为2001～2005年,转折点之前温度显著增加,转折点之后温度增加停滞。（2）1981～2015年中国降水量的时间变化趋势... 相似文献