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1.
利用湖南省80个测站1970—2005年降水和蒸发资料,采用REOF、小波分析和M-K突变分析等方法,对湖南省干湿的空间分布特征和变化趋势进行分析。研究表明:湖南省干湿存在4个干旱区域和3个湿润区域,除湘南、湘西和湘东部分地区外,其余地区有变湿趋势。根据EOF和REOF分析,湖南省干湿空间分布既有全区一致性,也存在南部和北部及湘中与周围地区相反变化的差异,大致可以分为湘南湘西南、湘北、湘中、湘东北4个异常区,且各异常区于1980年代末—1990年代初有一个由干向湿的转变过程。除湘中区外其他各区域1970年代中期以前和1990年代之后处于湿润时期,1980年代处于干旱时期。湘北区和湘中区存在2.6、5.3和11.6年的周期干湿变化;湘南、湘西南区和湘东北区存在2.6、7和16年的干湿变化。 相似文献
2.
滕州市近50年气候干湿变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用滕州市1956~2005年降水量、平均气温资料,用Holdridge干燥度指数来分析近50年气候干湿变化趋势和特征。滕州市近50年来在年生物温度、年可能蒸散量极显著上升背景下,年降水量不显著的减小趋势,造成年水分盈亏量显著亏损及年干燥度指数显著增大,总体呈现暖干化趋势。年干燥度指数变化有明显的阶段性,干湿期交替变化,大体经历了3个湿期和2个干期。1976年年干燥度指数发生由偏湿向偏干的突变,突变后气候类型分布发生显著变化。通过对近50年年干燥度指数滑动平均值和标准差分析发现:随着干燥度指数平均值的增大,异常湿事件明显减少,而异常干事件明显增多,同时,随着标准差的增大,异常干湿事件频率明显增大。 相似文献
3.
利用中国1961—2014年逐日降水观测等资料,分析了西南地区的干湿季变化特征。结果表明：西南地区东部和西北部最早进入湿季;干季由四川盆地、贵州南部开始。西南中东部以及南部等地的湿季长度较长,干季则与之相反。干湿季开始日期以及干湿季长度均具有明显的年代际变化特征,在1970年代中期到1980年代发生了气候突变,呈现湿季长度变短,干季变长的趋势。湿季降水呈现东南多、西北少的特征,并表现出中东部减少,西部增加的趋势;干季降水则表现为东多西少的特点,在东部呈增加,在四川等地呈减少趋势。进一步分析表明：湿季异常偏湿(干)年,开始日期易偏早(晚),结束易偏晚(早),长度偏长(短);干季开始异常偏早(晚）年,干季长度长(短),干季略偏湿(干);太平洋、印度洋海温异常影响东亚大气环流的异常是造成西南地区干湿季出现异常的主要原因。 相似文献
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近30年来中国气候的干湿变化 总被引：27，自引：1，他引：27
本文利用1951—1980年的月平均温度,计算了中国各地水分需要量。根据水分需要量和降水量大小,将我国划分成潮湿、湿润、半湿润、半干燥和干燥5类气候区;并对这5个气候区1950年前后各30年时段的气候干湿状况进行讨论;此外还对影响气候干湿变化的重要因子,我国近30年来的降水进行了分析。 近3O多年来,各气候区的降水及气候状况呈现了不同的变化:潮湿和湿润气候区50年代降水较多,60年代降水偏少,70年代降水呈多变态;半湿润和半干燥气候区50年代至60年代中期为多雨时段,1965年始,降水偏少,处于少雨阶段, 相似文献
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本文使用西北地区95个测站，时间序列为1960-2000年共41年的加密测站资料，运用旋转经验正交函数分解（REOF）以及功率谱分析等方法，对西北地区夏季降水的时空特征及其演变规律进行了诊断分析，结果表明：西北地区夏季降水区域性较强，存在多时空尺度特征，且平均具有准3年和4.8年的周期变化。将西北地区夏季水异常区域划分为4个区后可见，北疆地区夏季降水的周期振荡最接近平均状况，南疆降水异常区次之，相比之下青海异常降水区解释方差最小，同时发现，在近41年来，西北地区夏季降水的平均状况是80年代以前多数年份降水偏少，干旱性强，80年代以后整个西北地区夏季降水则有增多的趋势；分区分析后表现为：北疆区和南疆区从80年代后期开始降水增多，内蒙古西部地区90年代以后降水增多，而东北高原区夏季除70年代到80年代中期降水偏多外，其前和其后降水都偏少。 相似文献
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西北地区近40年年降水异常的时空特征分析 总被引：82，自引：36，他引：46
利用西北五省(区)137个测站1961—2000年历年月降水量资料,采用EOF、REOF、小波分析对西北地区年降水量的时空分布、演变规律及各异常区的周期特征进行了诊断分析。结果表明：(1)西北区降水受大尺度天气系统影响,第一持征向量反映了全区一致的多雨或少雨,但也存在东西和南北的差异。(2)西北区年降水空问异常可分为6个气候区(异常型),即高原东北区、北疆区、青海东部区、西北东部区、南疆区、河西走廊区。(3)近40年中除高原东北区及西北东部区降水呈下降趋势外,其余各区呈上升趋势。(4)各异常区降水存在l0年以上较长周期和3～4年短周期振荡,但其显著周期及其年代变化差异较大。 相似文献
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利用1951—2009年中国160站的月降水和月平均温度资料,通过计算地表湿润指数,在分析其与降水及气温联系的基础上,探讨了中国区域平均地表湿润指数的年代际变化特征差异,给出了地表湿润指数年趋势的地理分布。结果表明：1951—2009年,中国北方的西北地区东部、华北和东北地区长江中下游地区及东南部分地区以干旱化趋势为主,这些地区干旱化趋势的产生与降水年际变差大、年内分配不均,降水持续减少和气温升高密切相关。东南、西南地区及西藏地区于20世纪90年代初期有湿向干的趋势转换,虽然长江中下游地区在70年代初期有明显的干向湿的趋势变换,但于90年代同样出现湿向干的趋势转换,并一直持续显著的干旱化。 相似文献
8.
中国黄土高原地区4～10月雨量时空变化特征分析 总被引：11，自引：6，他引：11
利用黄土高原区域40年的实测降水资料,研究了该区作物生长期(4~10月)降水量的时空变化特征,并对干年和湿年的降水进行了分析和比较。结果表明:黄土高原作物生长期降水在1985年左右发生突变,由历史上的多雨转为少雨;降水异常变化存在3~5年、8年左右和11~16年左右的振荡周期,3~5年的振荡周期更明显;干湿年降水存在明显差异,湿年比干年多40%以上;存在降水异常响应的敏感区,干旱在高原的东北部响应变幅大于其它地方,湿涝响应在高原的北部最为明显。 相似文献
9.
我国西南地区秋季干湿分类及主要类型
异常年环流特征分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本文使用我国西南地区97站1960～2009年逐日资料,计算了考虑降水和气温的干湿指数,分析了西南地区秋季及9、10、11月干湿指数的时空变化特征。采用相似方法,构造了综合相似指数,对历年干湿分布进行分类,并给出了秋季各月各类干湿出现的概率。此外还使用再分析资料分月探讨了干湿分布主要类型异常年的大气环流特征。分析结果表明:西南地区秋季存在显著的干旱化趋势,且该地区干湿变化存在全区一致、东西相反和南北相反的特征。根据干湿变化主要模态的空间型,利用综合相似指数可以将历年秋季干湿分为全区一致偏干型、全区一致偏湿型、东湿西干型、东干西湿型、南湿北干型、南干北湿型和非典型型,共7类。全区干湿一致型出现的次数最多（不低于50%）,东西相反型次之（约25%）,南北相反型较少（约15%）,而出现非典型型次数极少（不足10%）。从季节内尺度来看,全区偏干（湿）的持续性较差,但10月份的东部偏湿区域则有较大几率（不低于50%）在下个月扩展到整个区域。全区偏干型异常年,东亚大槽偏弱或偏东,冷空气南侵困难;南海上空低层维持一个异常的气旋环流,西南地区暖湿气流输送偏弱;西太平洋副高偏强、西伸,南亚高压面积偏大,与西太副高重叠,西南地区长期受高压控制。这种异常环流形势的维持,使得该地区天气晴朗少雨,气温偏高,持续干旱。偏湿型异常年则基本呈相反的环流特征。而西南地区东、西部上空异常的垂直运动和东部低层的南、北风异常是造成东湿（干）西干（湿）型异常的重要原因。 相似文献
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近50年中国干湿气候界线波动及其成因初探 总被引：24，自引：2，他引：24
文中在 10a际尺度上详细分析了中国干湿气候界线波动与气候的干湿变化 ,得出 :过去 5 0a中国干湿气候界线波动显著 ,区域差异大 ,呈现出整体移动和东西、南北相异波动的特征。 2 0世纪 6 0～ 70年代中国干湿气候存在一次突变 ,由较湿润变为干旱 ,但各地干旱程度不同。干湿气候界线波动与气候的干湿变化具有显著的年代际特征。在此基础上分析了气候界线波动的可能原因 ,中国干湿气候界线的波动与气候的干湿变化是西太平洋副热带高压强度位置导致的东南季风、孟加拉湾暖流所导致的西南季风以及高原季风、中纬度西风环流等综合作用的结果。中国各地区干湿位相变化不一致 ,区域差异大 ,是不同环流以及环流的不同强弱组合所致。东南季风、西南季风、高原季风、中纬度西风环流、西太平洋副热带高压的年代际变化是过去 5 0a中国干湿气候界线波动与气候干湿变化年代际变化的根本原因。 2 0世纪 6 0～ 70年代的干湿突变 ,是整个北半球大气环流异常的结果 相似文献
12.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DRY AND WET SUMMER IN THE VERTICAL MOTION ON NORTH SIDE OF QINGHAI-XIZANG PLATEAU AND THE THERMAL IMPACT OF PLATEAU* 
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下载免费PDF全文 To better analyse and understand the causes of Northwest China(NW China) arid climate formation,firstly the dry and wet standards were chosen and the yearly dry and wet grades on the north side of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(hereafter NSQXP) in summers were classified utilizing the rainfall data of five stations over the area in June-August of 1952-1990.Then the differences between the vertical motion over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP) and NSQXP in dry and wet summers were comparatively analyzed using the ECMWF's gridded data of June-August of 1979-1986.Finally the connection between the QXP surface thermal condition and the dry and wet summers on the NSQXP was discussed as well.The main results are the following:(1)the dry and wet standards taking the rainfall standard deviation as criterion are suitable for the arid climate area;(2)the QXP may be,to some extent responsible for the environment background of Middle Asia,NW China and North China arid climate areas;(3)there are the striking differences between the dominant vertical motion over the QXP and NSQXP in the dry and wet summers of NSQXP:(4)the QXP surface thermal condition is to a great extent,responsible for the year-to-year variation of NW China arid climate as well. 相似文献
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Herein, we calculate an aridity index, D, based on annual precipitation, P, and measured evaporation, PET, from φ20 evaporation pans: D = P/PET. The data were collected between 1951 and 1999 at 295 meteorological stations operated by the Chinese Meteorological
Administration. On the basis of the index, three climatic regions are recognized in China: an arid zone in which D ≤ 0.20, a semi-arid zone with 0.20 < D ≤ 0.50, and a humid zone in which D > 0.50. Temporal fluctuations of the climate boundaries are substantial, and differ significantly regionally, and have the
shifting features in the same direction in some areas and in opposite directions in others over the past 50 years. The semiarid
zone lies along the border of the monsoon, and is thus highly susceptible to environmental change in China. In the period
from the late 1960s to the early 1970s, the climate became drier in most parts of the regions of northern China. Moreover,
the drought has an increasing trend. The fluctuations of climatic boundaries and the alternation from drier to wetter climate
have substantial inter-decadal features. The main factors affecting the fluctuations in climate boundaries are the East Asian
summer monsoon, the Indian Monsoon, the plateau monsoon in Tibetan Plateau, the westerly circulation, and the West Pacific
Subtropical High. The different types of circulation and the strength of these circulations result in regional and temporal
differences in aridity. Inter-decadal variations of the dry- and wet climate boundary fluctuations and of the arid and humid
climate result from the inter-decadal changes of East Asian summer monsoon, Indian Monsoon, plateau monsoon, westerly circulation,
and West Pacific Subtropical High. The anomalous general atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere during the late
1960s to the early 1970s is the cause of the remarkable change in arid and humid climate in China. Major natural disasters
produced by arid and humid change are drought and flood disasters. They cause enormous economic losses to agriculture and
industry. Furthermore, the loss has a substantial increasing trend. More than 110 cities are in severe water-deficiency conditions
because of shortage of water resource in China. Drought has been a limiting factor of economic and social development in China. 相似文献
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TEMPERATURE,RAINFALL VARIATIONS AND THEIR ANOMALIES OVER CHINA UNDER THE COLD-WARM BACKGROUND IN THE 20TH CENTURY 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In this study,the climate trend of the annual average air temperature and total annual rainfall inChina in the present century has been examined.It is noted that in the Northwest,the Northeast andNorth China the climate has become notably warmer this century but the rainfall trend has not beenevident,mainly negative.In the 1980s China's rainfall and temperature showed noticeable regionalfeatures: warm and dry in North China,cold and dry in the Southwest,warm and wet in theNortheast,cold and wet in the middle-lower reaches of the Changjiang River.Besides,the fourinterdecadal climate change features and ranges of this century have been studied.It is found that onthe scale of several decades there was considerably less rainfall in the most part of China in the warmbackground than in the cold background.The increase of temperature which started from the 1970smainly happened in the Northwest and Northeast,while to the south of the Huanghe River thetemperature increase did not even as great as in 1940s.The corresponding rainfall feature is that mostareas experienced much less rainfall except the area to the south of the Huanghe River and over theChangjiang and Huaihe River basin. 相似文献
16.
TEMPERATURE, RAINFALL VARIATIONS AND THEIR ANOMALIES OVER CHINA UNDER THE COLD-WARM BACKGROUND IN THE 20TH CENTURY* 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In this study,the climate trend of the annual average air temperature and total annual rainfall in China in the present century has been examined.It is noted that in the Northwest,the Northeast and North China the climate has become notably warmer this century but the rainfall trend has not been evident,mainly negative.In the 1980s China's rainfall and temperature showed noticeable regional features:warm and dry in North China,cold and dry in the Southwest,warm and wet in the Northeast,cold and wet in the middle-lower reaches of the Changjiang River.Besides,the four interdecadal climate change features and ranges of this century have been studied.It is found that on the scale of several decades there was considerably less rainfall in the most part of China in the warm background than in the cold background.The increase of temperature which started from the 1970s mainly happened in the Northwest and Northeast,while to the south of the Huanghe River the temperature increase did not even as great as in 1940s.The corresponding rainfall feature is that most areas experienced much less rainfall except the area to the south of the Huanghe River and over the Changjiang and Huaihe River basin. 相似文献
17.
文章利用季风强度指数研究了近40年冬季1月份东亚季风强度趋势、年际、十年际变化特征及其与我国冬季天气气候的关系。结果指出，东亚冬季风的年际变化、年代际变化与我国冬季天气气候关系密切。弱冬季风时，我国天气气候是暖、湿；强冬季风时，则冷、干。但是，季风与我国气候在近40年中的趋势变化关系则不如其年际、十年际变化更密切。近40年来，我国冬季气温已明显升高，季风减弱，但不太显著。80年代中期开始，冬季风已明显减弱。此外，还指出，东亚强冬季风时，大气环流具有强WP型、弱EU遥相关型的特征 相似文献
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Climatic regime shift and decadal anomalous events in China 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
Climatic time series from historical documents and instrumental records from China showed temporal and regional patterns in
the last two to three centuries, including two multidecadal oscillations at quasi-20-year and quasi-70-year timescales revealed
by signal analysis from wavelet transform. Climatic anomalous events on the decadal timescale were identified based on the
two oscillations when their positive (or negative) phases coincide with each other to amplify amplitude. The coldest event
occurred in the decade of 1965–1975 in eastern China, while the periods of 1920–1930, 1940–1950, and 1988–2000 appeared to
be warmer in most parts of China. For the precipitation series in northern China, the dry anomalous event was found in the
late 1920s, while the wet anomalous event occurred in the 1950s. A severe drought in 1927–1929 in northern China coincided
with the anomalous warm and dry decade, caused large-scale famine in nine provinces over northern China. Climatic anomalous
events with a warm-dry or cold-wet association in the physical climate system would potentially cause severe negative impacts
on natural ecosystem in the key vulnerable region over northern China. The spatial pattern of summer rainfall anomalies in
the eastern China monsoon region showed an opposite variations in phase between the Yellow River Valley (North China) and
the mid-low Yangtze River Valley as well as accompanied the shift of the northernmost monsoon boundary. Climatic regime shifts
for different time points in the last 200 years were identified. In North China, transitions from dry to wet periods occurred
around 1800, 1875, and 1940 while the transitions from wet to dry periods appeared around 1840, 1910, and the late 1970s.
The reversal transition in these time points can also be found in the lower Yangtze River. Climatic regime shifts in China
were linked to the interaction of mid- and low latitude atmospheric circulations (the westerly flow and the monsoon flow)
when they cross the Tibetan Plateau in East Asia. 相似文献
19.
Boreal summer continental monsoon rainfall and hydroclimate anomalies associated with the Asian-Pacific Oscillation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
With the twentieth century analysis data (1901–2002) for atmospheric circulation, precipitation, Palmer drought severity index, and sea surface temperature (SST), we show that the Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO) during boreal summer is a major mode of the earth climate variation linking to global atmospheric circulation and hydroclimate anomalies, especially the Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer land monsoon. Associated with a positive APO phase are the warm troposphere over the Eurasian land and the relatively cool troposphere over the North Pacific, the North Atlantic, and the Indian Ocean. Such an amplified land–ocean thermal contrast between the Eurasian land and its adjacent oceans signifies a stronger than normal NH summer monsoon, with the strengthened southerly or southwesterly monsoon prevailing over tropical Africa, South Asia, and East Asia. A positive APO implies an enhanced summer monsoon rainfall over all major NH land monsoon regions: West Africa, South Asia, East Asia, and Mexico. Thus, APO is a sensible measure of the NH land monsoon rainfall intensity. Meanwhile, reduced precipitation appears over the arid and semiarid regions of northern Africa, the Middle East, and West Asia, manifesting the monsoon-desert coupling. On the other hand, surrounded by the cool troposphere over the North Pacific and North Atlantic, the extratropical North America has weakened low-level continental low and upper-level ridge, hence a deficient summer rainfall. Corresponding to a high APO index, the African and South Asian monsoon regions are wet and cool, the East Asian monsoon region is wet and hot, and the extratropical North America is dry and hot. Wet and dry climates correspond to wet and dry soil conditions, respectively. The APO is also associated with significant variations of SST in the entire Pacific and the extratropical North Atlantic during boreal summer, which resembles the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation in SST. Of note is that the Pacific SST anomalies are not present throughout the year, rather, mainly occur in late spring, peak at late summer, and are nearly absent during boreal winter. The season-dependent APO–SST relationship and the origin of the APO remain elusive. 相似文献
20.
A comparison of three multi-site statistical downscaling models for daily rainfall in the North China Plain 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Wenbin Liu Guobin Fu Changming Liu Stephen P. Charles 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,111(3-4):585-600
Three statistical downscaling methods (conditional resampling statistical downscaling model: CR-SDSM, the generalised linear model for daily climate time series: GLIMCLIM, and the non-homogeneous hidden Markov model: NHMM) for multi-site daily rainfall were evaluated and compared in the North China Plain (NCP). The comparison focused on a range of statistics important for hydrological studies including rainfall amount, extreme rainfall, intra-annual variability, and spatial coherency. The results showed that no single model performed well over all statistics/timescales, suggesting that the user should chose appropriate methods after assessing their advantages and limitations when applying downscaling methods for particular purposes. Specifically, the CR-SDSM provided relatively robust results for annual/monthly statistics and extreme characteristics, but exhibited weakness for some daily statistics, such as daily rainfall amount, dry-spell length, and annual wet/dry days. GLIMCLIM performed well for annual dry/wet days, dry/wet spell length, and spatial coherency, but slightly overestimated the daily rainfall. Additionally, NHMM performed better for daily rainfall and annual wet/dry days, but slightly underestimated dry/wet spell length and overestimated the daily extremes. The results of this study could be applied when investigating climate change impact on hydrology and water availability for the NCP, which suffers from intense water shortages due to climate change and human activities in recent years. 相似文献