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利用1981～2016年气象常规观测和自动站资料对南充大风的基本气候特征进行统计分析,重点探讨不同类型区域雷暴大风的天气系统配置和环境物理量基本特征。结果表明:(1)南充雷暴大风按照形成原因主要分为高空冷平流强迫类和斜压锋生类,按落区出现情况分为全市型、东部型和西部型,东部型雷暴大风主要由高空冷平流强迫所致,全市型和西部型雷暴大风过程则多为斜压锋生所造成。(2)斜压锋生类雷暴大风主要发生在显著冷暖平流导致的斜压锋生与锋面动力强迫共同作用的形势下,高空冷平流强迫类则主要是高空强干冷平流的作用。(3)雷暴大风过程发生前大气环境呈上干下湿、湿层浅薄或为“喇叭口”形态,对于不同类型雷暴大风过程发生前的环境物理结构不同,斜压锋生类雷暴大风产生时大气环境多为明显斜压特征,高空常伴有强锋区,低层不稳定能量大,因此热力因子比较重要。高空冷平流强迫类主要发生在川陕槽后强烈冷平流形势下,水平风垂直切变大、要求低层增温快,故热力和动力因子都重要。 相似文献
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利用2016-2021年重要天气报、雷暴观测资料等,统计分析出贵州铜仁雷暴大风的时空分布的特征分析,并对其环流形势及离铜仁较近的怀化站探空特征进行分类分型,结果表明：贵州铜仁雷暴大风主要出现在3月至9月,5月发生次数最多,年均12.5站次,高频时段出现在14时—23时,峰值在22时（北京时,下同）;总体呈现“北多南少、东多西少”的分布特征,且主要以单站雷暴大风天气为主。根据天气形势配置将其分为以下４类：斜压锋生类、低层暖平流强迫类、准正压类和高层冷平流强迫类。其中低层暖平流强迫类根据中低层切变线北侧冷平流的强弱又可以分为：强冷暖平流强迫类、强暖平流强迫类和中间类。总结归纳各类雷暴大风过程的天气环流形势配置及垂直分布特征,可为短期天气预报预警提供参考。 相似文献
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中国中东部强对流天气的天气形势分类和基本要素配置特征 总被引：22，自引：9，他引：13
本文通过对2000年以来中国近百次强对流天气个例的环境场进行分析,并查阅大量文献资料,综合考虑强对流天气形成的热力不稳定、动力抬升和水汽这三个基本条件出发,从强对流的不稳定条件和主要触发条件的角度,提出中国强对流天气5种基本类别:冷平流强迫类、暖平流强迫类、斜压锋生类、准正压类、高架对流类,并给出了基本解释。高空冷平流强迫类的典型特征是500hPa以上的中高层强干冷平流加强并移到边界层内暖性的辐合带中。暖平流强迫类的主要特征则是不稳定发展主要源于低层强烈的暖湿平流。斜压锋生类的特征是中低层冷暖空气强烈交汇产生的深厚对流,即斜压锋生造成的强对流往往表现为高空干冷平流和低空暖湿平流都很强烈。准正压类多发生在夏季副热带高压外侧或内部、温度梯度较弱的地区,流场上的动力强迫和和地面局地受热不均起主要作用。高架对流类的特征是700~500 hPa强的西南急流在边界层内的冷垫上被抬升,不稳定能量是来自700 hPa以上。通过从形成机制的差异性进行分类,有助于更好地把握各种强对流过程中不同的天气特征、系统配置、动力热力特征及其短期潜势分析重点,为进一步提高该类天气的预报预警水平提供更多的技术支持。 相似文献
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利用常规天气、地面危险天气报、自动站加密、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,对2011年7月12—20日持续9 d的华北冷涡过程阶段性特征进行分析。结果表明:冷涡过程降水主要分布在内蒙古东北部、华北和东北南部,发展阶段对流性强,多雷暴大风和冰雹,水汽来源于西南和东南气流,850 hPa上有强暖温度脊,高空急流较完整;减弱阶段以短时强降水为主,水汽来源于偏东气流;两阶段700 hPa以下为斜压,上升运动区主要位于东侧;发展阶段500 hPa为干区,南侧存在干空气侵入和θe梯度;减弱阶段整层相对湿度较大,θe锋区及不稳定度减弱。中层冷平流及中高层正涡度平流随高度增强是冷涡发展的主要因子,冷涡减弱是由低层冷平流进入冷涡中心、中层冷平流及中高层正涡度平流减弱共同影响所致。 相似文献
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中国西北四省区强对流天气形势配置及特殊性综合分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《高原气象》2015,(4)
利用2004—2010年中国西北四省(区)强对流天气过程高空、地面实况资料,以及近15年西北区强对流研究主要成果,按照强对流天气产生的基本动力学原理,根据其主导因素的不同,将西北区强对流天气基本形势配置分为高空冷平流强迫、低层暖平流强迫、斜压锋生等3类。分析3类基本配置天气尺度环境场显著特征,以及这些特征在中尺度强对流系统发展过程中所起的作用,总结各类配置之间的主要差异及其与中国其他区域的差异。结果表明,高空冷平流强迫类,冷平流可从300 h Pa向下延伸至对流层低层,而850 h Pa则多表现为弱的暖平流。与中国中东部相比,对流层中下层温度递减率更大,层结不稳定在午后会有强烈发展,LFC更高。区域性强对流天气与大范围降水后地面增湿或低层暖湿气流北上有关;局地强对流天气与复杂小地形对应地面抬升和水汽分布不均匀有关。低层暖平流强迫类强对流天气,中低层暖平流占主导作用,湿层可从地面向上延伸到500 h Pa附近,LFC高度明显偏低,温度垂直递减率小于冷平流强迫类。斜压锋生类强对流天气的显著特点是中低层冷暖空气强烈交汇,并伴有明显温度锋区和锋生。水汽条件好于冷平流强迫类,垂直风切变明显高于前两类。 相似文献
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2014年3月29日晚到31日早上,广西连续两个晚上在同一区域出现了两种不同类型的雷暴大风,这两类雷暴大风在形态结构演变和环境条件上存在明显的差异。30日雷暴大风表现为多个孤立、松散、排列无序的强单体风暴,属于微湿下击暴流、低层暖平流强迫类,其层结为条件性不稳定,由地面辐合线触发;31日的雷暴大风则是由有组织、紧密排列的多单体强风暴组成的飑线系统,其后侧入流明显,有平流作用,风暴范围大,属于高空冷平流强迫类,其层结为对流性不稳定,由地面锋面触发产生。从环境条件上来看,30日雷暴大风的温湿廓线呈倒V型结构,中层湿度相对较大,低层干且温度直减率近干绝热;31日雷暴大风的温湿廓线表现为850hPa以下大气层结曲线与露点曲线紧靠,水汽充足,以上两者分离,干层显著,呈"漏斗"状,另外,31日雷暴大风的垂直风切变较大,更有利于对流的组织化。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2017,(5)
利用FY-2E卫星云图、NCEP/NCAR1°×1°逐6 h再分析资料、甘肃省区域自动站资料等,对比分析两次发生在8月中旬及相同气候背景、相同地形条件下的短时强降水天气过程(2014年8月16—17日和2015年8月11—12日)。结果表明:两次强降水天气过程的形成机制有所区别,分别由高空冷平流强迫和低层暖平流强迫造成;高空冷平流强迫造成的短时强降水落区较为分散,低层暖平流强迫造成的强降水落区则更为集中;高空冷平流强迫对抬升条件的要求比低层暖平流强迫低,而低层暖平流强迫引起的垂直速度强度弱于高空冷平流强迫;在大致相同的地形条件下,水汽条件是发生短时强降水的主要因素,在这两次大气环流背景基本相同的情况下,水汽条件好的天气过程雨强更大,短时强降水出现站次也更多。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2021,39(4)
2019年4月19—20日(简称"4·19")和4月26—27日(简称"4·26")陇东南出现2次区域短时强降水天气过程,利用常规气象观测资料和ERA5再分析资料,通过诊断锋生函数、温度平流、垂直风切变等物理量对2次过程的动力特征进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)2次过程均存在高空冷平流、低层冷暖气流交汇,地面分别有明显的冷锋和冷式切变辐合线,属于斜压锋生类强对流。(2)在同样显著的斜压大气环境条件下,2次过程动力特征存在明显差异,"4·19"过程冷空气较为深厚,中、低层强冷平流驱动低层锋生,对流发生在锋面强迫抬升的动力不稳定条件下,呈现出锋面降水特征;"4·26"过程低层及近地层有冷空气扩散,对流发生在近地层锋生与低空急流共同作用下,由热力不稳定主导,对流性降水特征显著。(3)700 hPa和850 hPa锋生函数可分别定量描述低层和近地层影响系统的时空分布和演变特征,由于近地层触发系统受地形影响难以界定,尤其"4·26"过程低层及近地层冷空气路径复杂,锋生函数可作为近地层触发系统判定的物理量指标。 相似文献
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2018年5月7日冷锋前暖区暴雨和8月29日华南季风槽暴雨,这两次大暴雨都是由广东和闽南地区的沿岸线状中尺度对流系统产生,对其环境背景与对流系统特征进行对比分析,得到主要结论如下:两次过程均有明显850 hPa和925 hPa低空急流;5月7日过程,对流层中低层条件不稳定较大,大气斜压性较强,对流有效位能和0～6 km垂直风切变相对较大,对流层中部存在明显干层,有利于强降水和雷暴大风的产生;8月29日过程,对流层中下层为弱的条件不稳定,准正压大气,更高的融化层高度,对流有效位能和0～6 km垂直风切变相对较小,垂直整层相对湿度高,有利于强降水而不利于雷暴大风的产生。两次过程风暴承载层平均风均来自西南方向,前者的平流比后者要强很多;厦门及其周边闽南地区大暴雨是由于后向传播导致相继多个较强对流雨团移过同一区域形成的;5月7日后向传播形成是一个对流雨团的阵风锋与另一个对流雨团后侧的水平对流卷相遇触发新的对流导致的,新生对流来自陆地;8月29日后向传播形成则是低层暖湿气流遇到成熟对流雨团的后侧阵风锋触发新的对流,新生对流位于海上,持续移入陆地。5月7日导致大暴雨的对流系统中冰相过程和暖云过程对... 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献