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以微波辐射传输模式为基础，正演模拟分析星载先进微波探测器（AMSU）窗区通道微波亮温对地表洪涝信息的敏感性，结果表明中心频点分别为31.4、50.3和89.0 GHz的AMSU窗区通道2、3和15的微波亮温对地表洪涝特征敏感；以正演模拟计算结果为基础，选择对地表洪涝特征敏感的AMSU窗区通道为因子，组合形成AMSU洪涝指数AFI(AMSU Flooding Index)，进行地表洪涝区分类研究；地表洪涝分类结果与经机-地校验过的机载合成孔径雷达L-SAR资料分析结果进行对比分析，分类正确率可达73%。短时监测试验结果表明，应用美国第5代极轨业务环境卫星上装载的先进微波探测器（AMSU）微波资料可以在准全天候条件下，实现区域地表洪涝区分类实时监测，有效弥补红外和可见波段洪涝遥感探测技术在云天条件下无法实施的缺陷。 相似文献
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The ability of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager(TRMM/TMI)forcloud liquid water(CLW)retrieval has been demonstrated in this study.Due to the greatsensitivity of the TMI 85.5 GHz channels to CLW,the liquid water path(LWP)ofnonprecipitating clouds over land can be successfully estimated using the VDISORT model basedon the iteration steps.Both the vertical-polarized 85. 5 GHz single-channel method and thepolarization-difference of 85.5 GHz method were applied to the LWP estimates over land regionsduring the Huaihe River Basin Energy and Water Cycle Experiment(HUBEX)in China.Theretrieval results show reasonable agreement with the ground-based microwave radiometermeasurements.When the surface emissivity or skin temperature is difficult to be made sure,thepolarization-difference method shows advantages of providing estimates of LWP especially for lowclouds because of its extremely insensitiveness to the surface skin temperature. 相似文献
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用TRMM/TMI估算HUBEX试验区的云中液态水 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
文中应用热带降雨测量卫星微波成像仪的微波遥感资料反演云中液态水。由于微波成像仪85.5 GHz通道对云中液态水非常敏感,通过离散纵坐标矢量辐射传输模式,运用迭代的方法可以有效地反演出陆地上空非降水云中的液态水路径。在淮河流域能量与水分循环试验中,分别运用微波成像仪85.5 GHz垂直极化单通道和微波成像仪85.5 GHz极化亮温差两种方法来估算陆地上空的云中液态水路径,反演结果与地基微波辐射计的测量结果是较为一致的。当地表比辐射率或地表温度误差较大时,用极化亮温差法估算云中液态水路径相对较好,尤其是对于低云,因为该方法对地表温度不敏感。 相似文献
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反演寿县TMI微波频率的地表比辐射率(英) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用一个微波辐射传输模式,晴天下的大气探测廓线,地面的部分观测资料以及卫星观测的亮温,计算了淮河流域能量和水循环实验(HUBEX)中,寿县地区的热带降雨观测卫星微波成像仪(TRMM/TMI)微波频率的地表比辐射率。通过比较所计算的微波地表比辐射率随地表状况的改变,发现地表微波比辐射率随地表状况的变化存在敏感性,并且其变化是合理的。本文中,地表肤温设定等于地表空气温度,并且仅计算了寿县的地表比辐射率,在HUBEX区域上的地表比辐射率的计算需要更多的观测资料。 相似文献
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云中液态水分布对全球气候和局地天气变化有重要影响, 是判别人工影响天气作业潜力区的重要依据。利用TRMM卫星微波成像仪 (TMI) 85.5 GHz通道垂直极化亮温资料与NCEP再分析资料, 结合VDISORT模式采用逐步逼近方法反演了河南地区地表比辐射率; 再利用TRMM/TMI 85.5 GHz通道垂直极化亮温资料、TRMM/VIRS红外辐射资料及NCEP再分析资料, 结合VDISORT模式采用迭代的方法反演了河南地区云中液态水的垂直积分总含量。与红外卫星云图、TRMM卫星2A12产品及NCEP资料对比分析表明:该研究提出的反演陆地上空非降水云中液态水方法是可行的, 且对云中液态水垂直积分总含量水平分布的反演结果较对比产品结果更好。 相似文献
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YAO Zhanyu LI Wanbiao GAO Huilin ZHU Yuanjing ZHAO Bolin ZHANG Qiang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2004,18(1):95-104
The ability of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) for flooding and soil wetness detection has been demonstrated in this study.On the basis of TMI measurements,four methods,the classification method,the soil wetness index (SWI) method. the polarization difference index (PDI) method,and the polarization ratio index (PRI) method, were brought out to monitor flooding and study soil wetness in the Changjiang and Huaihe River Basins during the summer 1998.Compared with the images provided by L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (L-SAR) and Radar Satellite (Radarsat) and the figures derived from daily rainfall data based on the Z-index method,the detection of flooding and soil wetness by TMI was proved to be feasible. 相似文献
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基于热带测雨卫星探测的东亚降水云结构特征的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用热带测雨卫星的测雨雷达(TRMMPR)、微波成像仪(TMI)、可见光和红外辐射计(VIRS)、闪电成像仪(LIS)对降水云的综合探测结果,结合全球降水气候计划降水资料(GPCP)和中国气象台站雨量计观测资料,分析了东亚降水分布特点,并比较了TRMMPR与GPCP及地面雨量计观测结果的差异;揭示了中国中东部大陆、东海和南海对流降水和层云降水平均降水廓线的季节变化特征及物理意义,以及TMI高频和低频微波信号对地表降水率变化的响应特点;通过对中尺度强降水系统、锋面气旋降水系统和热对流降水系统的个例分析,探明了降水结构及其与闪电活动的关系、降水云顶部信息与地表雨强之间的关系。 相似文献
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Retrieval of Liquid Water Path Inside Nonprecipitating Clouds Using TMI Measurements 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Quantitative estimates of liquid water path （LWP） in clouds using satellite measurements are critical to understanding of cloud properties and the assessment of global climate change. In this paper, the relationship between microwave brightness temperature （TB） and LWP in the nonprecipitating clouds is studied by using satellite microwave measurements from the TRMM Microwave Imager （TMI） onboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission （TRMM）, together with a radiative transfer model for microwave radiance calculations. Radiative transfer modeling shows that the sensitivity is higher at both 37.0- and 85.5-GHz horizontal polarization channels for the LWP retrievals. Also, the differences between the retrieved values responding to TBs of various channels and the theoretical values are displayed by the model. Based upon above simulations, with taking into account the factor of resolution and retrieval bias for a single,channel, a nonprecipitating cloud LWP in the summer subtropical marine environment retrieval algorithm is formulated by the combination of the two TMI horizontal polarization channels, 37.0 and 85.5 GHz. Moreover,by using TMI measurements （1Bll）, this algorithm is applied to retrieving respectively LWPs for clear sky, nonprecipitating clouds, and typhoon precipitating clouds. In the clear sky case, the LWP cl~anges from -1 to 1 g m-2, and its mean value is about 10^-5 g m^-2. It indicates that, using this combination retrieval algorithm, there are no obvious systemic deviations when the LWP is low enough. The LWP values varying from 0 to 1000 g m^-2 in nonprecipitating clouds are reasonable, and its distribution pattern is very similar to the detected results in the visible channel of Visible and Infrared Scanner （VIRS） on the TRMM. In typhoon precipitating clouds, there is much more proportion of high LWP in the mature phase than the early stage. When surface rainfall rate is lower than 5 mm h^-1, the LWP increases with increasing rainfall rate. 相似文献
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南海中尺度大气海浪耦合模式及其对该区一次强台风过程的模拟研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用中尺度大气模式MM5(V3)和第3代海浪模式WWATCH建立考虑大气-海浪相互作用的风浪耦合模式.在耦合模式中引入考虑波浪影响的海表粗糙度参数化方案,大气模式分量提供海面10 m风场驱动海浪模式分量运行,并利用海浪模式分量反馈的波龄参数计算海表粗糙度.利用耦合模式模拟南海的一次台风过程,通过3组对比试验,检验耦合模式对台风过程的模拟效果并研究大气-海浪相互作用对台风过程的影响.结果表明:耦合模式能够较好地模拟南海的台风过程,与非耦合大气模式相比,其模拟的台风强度略有增强,路径变化不大;耦合模式对台风过程中海表热通量及降水影响显著,在台风充分发展过程中,耦合模式模拟的海表热通量增强,台风螺旋雨带上尤其是台风路径的右侧,耦合模式模拟的降水强于非耦合模式;耦合模式较好地模拟了台风过程海浪场的分布和演变,与非耦合模式相比,其模拟的海浪场增强,与实际更为接近;考虑了海表粗糙度对波浪的依赖关系后,海浪场同时影响海表的动力过程和热力过程,从本次个例看,在台风发展初期,海浪对海表动力作用影响显著,其反馈作用使台风系统减弱,但在台风充分发展后,耦合系统中海表热通量增加,热力作用显著增强,海浪的反馈作用有利于台风系统的发展和维持. 相似文献
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热带测雨卫星TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) 于1997年11月发射成功, 其首次携带了空载雷达, 有关资料已在网上对公众发布。利用热带测雨卫星上的微波成像仪TMI (TRMM Microw ave Imager) 资料以及其和测雨雷达TRMM/PR (Precipitation Radar) 资料联合反演的地面瞬时降水产品, 采用散射指数 (Is) 法从理论上探讨了我国江淮、华南降水尤其是暴雨的微波特性, 其中Is表达式通过江淮、华南晴空TMI资料统计回归得到。以联合反演的地面瞬时降水产品为真值, 用面积相当法对14个降水个例求Is降水阈值, 研究了阈值和降水面积以及85.5 GHz垂直通道最低亮温的关系, 并寻求了Is和降水的相关特征。研究表明:Is降水阈值随降水面积的增大或85.5 GHz垂直通道最低亮温的降低有增高的趋势; Is与强对流性降水瞬时雨强对应很好, Is≥60 K是一个好的暴雨指标。最后进行了初步的雨强反演试验研究, 由于TMI资料分辨率的提高以及时空配合较好的真值, 反演的地面瞬时降水与真值相关效果大大提高。 相似文献
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利用热带降雨测量卫星的微波成像仪(TMI)和星载测雨雷达(PR)资料,选取2003年第2号热带气旋KUJIRA降水个例,采用高频通道直接组合方案和全通道间接对数组合方案建立了多频道线性回归算式,对4种不同分辨率(0.1、0.2、0.25、0.5)进行了TMI反演降水试验。结果表明,运用全通道间接对数组合法反演降水效果明显优于常用的高频通道反演效果,且更稳定,因此,低频通道微波信息在降水反演中的作用是不可忽视的。运用0.2和0.25分辨率反演降水效果优于0.1和0.5分辨率,其中0.2分辨率更具实际应用价值。 相似文献
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利用热带降雨测量卫星（TRMM）的微波成像仪（TMI）和星载测雨雷达（PR）资料,选取了2003年出现在西北太平洋亚洲季风区的热带气旋ETAU（T0310）,采用间接对数组合方案建立了多频道线性回归算式,对4种不同分辨率（0．1°、0．2°、0．25°、0．5°）进行了TMI反演降水试验。结果表明,间接对数组合法能够较好地表征降水区的范围和强度分布,且反演结果稳定,是由微波亮温资料反演洋面降水的一种较为理想方法。采用0．2°和0．25°分辨率反演降水效果相对较好,具有实际应用价值,能对降水的宏观特征做出一定的指示。本文结果对于利用卫星微波遥感资料反演降水的研究具有一定参考价值。 相似文献
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Cloud structure and evolution of Mesoscale Convective Systems(MCSs) retrieved from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager(TRMM TMI) and Precipitation Radar(PR) were investigated and compared with some pioneer studies based on soundings and models over the northern South China Sea(SCS).The impacts of Convective Available Potential Energy(CAPE) and environmental vertical wind shear on MCSs were also explored.The main features of MCSs over the SCS were captured well by both TRMM PR and TMI.However,the PR-retrieved surface rainfall in May was less than that in June,and the reverse for TMI.TRMM-retrieved rainfall amounts were generally consistent with those estimated from sounding and models.However,rainfall amounts from sounding-based and PR-based estimates were relatively higher than those retrieved from TRMM-TMI data.The Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) modeling simulation underestimated the maximum rain rate by 22% compared to that derived from TRMM-PR,and underestimated mean rainfall by 10.4% compared to the TRMM-TMI estimate,and by 12.5% compared to the sounding-based estimate.The warm microphysical processes modeled from both the WRF and the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble(GCE) models were quite close to those based on TMI,but the ice water contents in the models were relatively less compared to that derived from TMI.The CAPE and wind shear induced by the monsoon circulation were found to play critical roles in maintaining and developing the intense convective clouds over SCS.The latent heating rate increased more than twofold during the monsoon period and provided favorable conditions for the upward transportation of energy from the ocean,giving rise to the possibility of inducing large-scale interactions. 相似文献
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Using a microwave radiative transfer(MWRT) model with microwave brightness temperatures(TBs) observed from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) Microwave Imager(TMI),an indirect approach evaluated hydrometeors generated from the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model in the process of CHABA typhoon in August 2004.This study compares the simulated TBs generated from the microwave radioactive transfer model connected to the WRF model with the observed TBs derived from TMI and analyzes the differences between these TBs.The results indicate that the WRF model underestimates the amount and area of liquid and ice hydrometeors inside the typhoon center.The results also indicate relatively better agreement between the simulated and the observed TBs in the vertical polarization than in the horizontal polarization. 相似文献
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地表比辐射率计算的不确定性,直接影响到卫星资料在数值预报中同化应用的效果。本文采用美国NOAA/NESDIS的Weng等[1,2]提出的复杂陆面比辐射率模式,同时用NOAA卫星AMSU-ACh1或Ch2反演的地表比辐射率来调整该模式所需的地表参数,从而在缺少详细地表参数的情况下,改进AMSU-A Ch3和Ch15的地表比辐射率计算精度。在积雪地表情况下,用NOAA卫星AMSU-A资料直接反演各通道的比辐射率,在GRAPES同化系统中的应用表明,结果有明显的改进。 相似文献
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Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data [TRMM Microwave Imager/Precipitation Radar/Visible and Infrared Scanner (TMI/PR/VIRS)] and a numerical model are used to investigate the structure and rainfall features of Tropical Cyclone (TC) Rammasun (2002). Based on the analysisof TRMM data, which are diagnosed together with NCEP/AVN [Aviation (global model)] analysis data,some typical features of TC structure and rainfall are preliminary discovered. Since the limitations of TRMM data are considered for their time resolution and coverage, the world observed by TRMM at several moments cannot be taken as the representation of the whole period of the TC lifecycle, therefore the picture should be reproduced by a numerical model of high quality. To better understand the structure and rainfall features of TC Rammasun, a numerical simulation is carried out with mesoscale model MM5 in which the validations have been made with the data of TRMM and NCEP/AVN analysis. 相似文献