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1.
参加CMIP5计划的四个中国模式模拟的东亚地区降水结构特征及未来变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在全球变暖的背景下, 降水特征的改变体现为降水总量和降水结构的变化。由于缺乏较为长期、覆盖范围广的较高分辨率逐日降水资料, 过去对东亚降水的研究多关注其降水量的长期趋势和时空变率, 较少涉及降水结构的变化。本文利用当前最新且分辨率最高、覆盖范围最广的逐日亚洲陆地降水数据集(简称APHRODITE)以及四个中国参加第五次国际耦合模式比较计划(简称CMIP5)的模式(BCC-CSM1-1, BNU-ESM, FGOALS-g2和FGOALS-s2), 研究了东亚地区降水结构的观测特征及四个模式的模拟能力。基于此, 通过分析四个模式的未来预估试验, 探讨东亚地区降水结构在全球变暖背景下的变化。结果表明:整个东亚地区的累积降水量呈现出随着降水强度的增加先增加后减小的分布形态;降水频率则是随着强度的增加显著减小。小雨(中雨)呈现出南少北多(南多北少)的形态;强降水则较多分布在华南沿海以及日本南部地区。长期趋势上, 整个东亚地区大体上呈现小雨和30 mm/d以上的大雨增加, 而中等强度降水减少的变化趋势。四个模式对东亚降水结构的气候态模拟能力较好。BCC-CSM1-1和FGOALS-g2能够合理再现观测中各个强度降水的变化趋势, 而其他模式模拟不出中雨的减小趋势。四个模式的未来预估表明, 在全球变暖的背景下, 东亚地区30 mm/d以上的强降水会增加。且降水强度越大, 增加越明显。以30°N为界, 小雨(中雨)在变暖背景下呈现南部增加北部减少(南部减少北部增加)的变化趋势。 相似文献
2.
中国6个CMIP5模式对全球降水年际-年代际变率模拟的定量评估 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文利用美国全球降水气候中心(GPCC)的降水资料和中国参加国际第五阶段耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)的6个气候模式[BCC_CSM1.1、BCC_CSM1.1(m)、BNU-ESM、FGOALS-s2、FGOALS-g2和FIO-ESM]的历史模拟试验的降水数据,采用可以表征降水变率相对和绝对量级的方法,定量评估了6个模式对降水年际-年代际变率的模拟能力。研究表明,观测降水的年际变率一般占总方差的65%~80%,年代际变率占总方差的10%~35%。在CMIP5历史试验中,6个模式平均的降水年际分量方差对总方差的贡献(超过70%)较观测偏强,模拟降水年代际分量的方差对总方差的贡献较小(约为10%~20%)。模式总体低估了全球平均总降水、年际降水和年代际降水的变率,但是高估了年际降水对总降水的贡献、低估了年代际降水对总降水的贡献。与观测相比,6个模式对东亚和澳大利亚地区的年代际降水的模拟都比较好,模拟与观测年代际降水方差的比值为1左右。在非洲、南美洲和海洋性大陆,BCC_CSM1.1模式模拟的降水年代际变率最接近观测;在欧亚和北美,BNU-ESM模式模拟的降水年代际变率与观测最接近。在欧亚大陆上,BCC_CSM1.1模式模拟的降水年际分量与年代际分量的方差比最接近观测;在非洲和美洲,FGOALS-s2模式模拟的降水年际分量与年代际分量的方差比最接近观测。本文的研究结果有助于理解中国当前气候模式对降水年际-年代际变率的模拟能力,以及未来改进模式。 相似文献
3.
冬季青藏高原东部（22°N～32°N，102°E～118°E）层云区是唯一存在于副热带陆地的层云密集区，环流特征较为复杂，大多数耦合气候系统模式对该地区层云的模拟存在较大的偏差。对该地区层云模拟能力的系统分析评估是改进模式性能的重要基础。本文基于国际卫星云计划（ISCCP）卫星资料，评估了中国科学院大气物理研究所两个版本的气候系统模式FGOALS-s2和FGOALS-g2的大气环流模式试验（AMIP）对青藏高原东侧层云的模拟能力。通过分析云辐射强迫等相关特征、大气环流、稳定度、以及地表气温和云的关系，探讨了模式偏差的可能原因。结果表明，两个模式都不同程度地低估了青藏高原东侧的低层云量和云水含量。在垂直结构模拟方面，FGOALS-s2模式能较好地模拟出高原东侧低云主导的特征，其模拟的云顶高度与卫星资料更为接近；而FGOALS-g2模式则高估了该地区的平均云顶高度。分析表明，两个模式均低估了高原东侧的低层稳定度，同时不同程度地低估了该地区中低层水平水汽输送，导致层云云量的模拟偏少。此外，FGOALS-g2高估了高原东侧的上升运动和垂直水汽输送，使得模拟的低云偏少而云顶高度偏高。 相似文献
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本文对中国参加CMIP5的6个气候模式对未来北极海冰的模拟情况进行了评估。通过与1979-2005年海冰的观测值以及2050年代的多模式集合平均值对比发现,中国的气候模式对海冰范围的模拟结果与CMIP5模式的平均水平存在一定差距,具体表现为：BNU-ESM和FGOALS-s2对当前海冰范围估计很好,但对温度敏感性略偏高;FIO-ESM对当前海冰范围估计很好,但由于海冰对温度的敏感性偏低,导致其模拟的未来海冰在各种RCP情景中都融化缓慢;FGOALS-g2（BCC-CSM1-1和BCC-CSM1-1-m）对当前海冰范围的模拟存在显著偏多（显著偏少）的问题,这导致其对未来海冰融化的估计也持续偏多（偏少）。中国模式对北极海冰的模拟偏差导致它们对极区地表大气温度和湿度的模拟出现偏差,并且这些极区气象要素的偏差会进一步通过动力过程传导到对秋、冬季西风带、极涡的模拟中去。研究表明：从对海冰本身的模拟以及海冰偏差带来的气候影响这两个角度看,BNU-ESM在中国模式中水平较高,但总体上中国6个气候模式在海冰分量的模拟上仍与世界平均水平存在差距,这需要中国各模式中心的持续改进。 相似文献
5.
本文基于观测和再分析资料，采用水汽收支诊断和合成分析方法，对新一代气候系统模式FGOALS-g3模拟的全球季风进行了系统评估，给出其较之前版本FGOALS-g2的优缺点，并通过与其大气分量模式GAMIL结果的比较，讨论了海气耦合过程的影响。结果表明，FGOALS-g3能合理再现全球季风气候态的基本特征，包括年平均、年循环模态、季风降水强度和季风区范围等，但模式低估陆地季风区年平均降水，高估海洋平均降水，模拟的热带地区春秋非对称模态偏强。研究指出FGOALS-g3模拟的陆地季风区范围偏小，这与模式模拟的夏季水汽垂直平流（尤其是热力项）偏小有关。年际变率上，FGOALS-g3能再现El Ni?o年全球季风降水偏少的整体特征，其不足之处在于部分季风区的降水异常存在一定偏差，例如其模拟的El Ni?o年西非季风区降水偏多和西南印度洋的偶极子型降水异常，均与观测分布不一致，且模式中西北太平洋季风区降水较观测偏多。这是由于El Ni?o年，模式中西非高层无弱辐合中心，且海洋性大陆较观测偏暖，对流中心西移。相较于FGOALS-g2,FGOALS-g3对环流、季风降水的年际变率和季风–ENSO关系的模... 相似文献
6.
Improved simulation of the East Asian winter monsoon interannual variation by IAP/LASG AGCMs 
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下载免费PDF全文 《大气和海洋科学快报》2016,(3)
东亚冬季风的模拟性能一直是检验气候模式的重要指标。本文对比分析了LASG新旧两个版本大气环流模式对东亚冬季风年际变率的模拟性能。结果表明,GAMIL2模拟的东亚冬季风指数与观测的相关系数为0.71,相较于GAMIL1(0.37)有明显改进。主要原因是GAMIL2改进了云参数化方案,能够更合理的再现加热率对厄尔尼诺的响应,有助于激发菲律宾海反气旋,从而改进东亚冬季风的模拟。 相似文献
7.
本文利用CMAP月降水资料、NCEP再分析资料、NOAA的ERSST资料和日本气象厅海气耦合模式（MRI-CGCM）的输出结果,从东亚夏季风气候态、主模态和年际变率等方面分析了MRI-CGCM模式对东亚夏季风的预测性能,并且利用观测的东亚夏季风指数（EASMI）与模拟PC（principal component）的关系建立多元线性回归方程来订正EASMI（简称PC订正法）。结果表明:MRI-CGCM模式能够较好再现东亚夏季风降水和低层风场的气候态,但模拟的西北太平洋反气旋偏弱、偏东,使得模拟的副热带地区降水量偏小。模式较好地模拟出东亚夏季风降水第一模态（EOF1）及相应的低层风场,能够较好再现出EOF1对应El Ni?o衰减位相;模拟降水的EOF1与观测之间的空间相关系数（ACC）为0.72,且能较好地再现其对应的年际变率,其时间系数PC1与观测之间的相关系数为0.41,能模拟出观测EOF1的2 a和5 a主导周期;但模拟的我国以东梅雨锋区雨带位置偏南,这与模拟的西北太平洋反气旋位置偏南有关。模式对降水第二模态EOF2的模拟能力比EOF1明显下降,模拟EOF2与观测之间的ACC降到0.36;虽然模式能较好地再现出EOF2对应El Ni?o发展位相,但模拟的西太平洋反气旋位置偏南,使得雨带位置偏南,模拟的我国梅雨锋区雨带位于江南,与观测场上江南少雨相反。模式较好地模拟出我国东部夏季降水和气温空间异常分布和年际变化,模拟与观测夏季降水和气温的多年平均ACC分别为0.74和0.68。模式模拟我国东部、江淮流域和华南地区夏季降水多年平均PS评分分别为69、70和68分,略高于我国夏季降水业务预测多年平均评分（65分）。模拟的我国东部夏季气温与观测多年平均PS评分为74分。PC订正后EASMI与实况的相关系数由0.51提高到0.65、符号一致率由84%升到91%、标准差由0.75增大到1.4、大于1个标准差年数由6年变为12年,订正后在模拟变幅偏小和梅雨锋区雨带偏南等方面均有一定的改善,对应西太平洋反气旋位置和梅雨锋区雨带位置与实况较为吻合。 相似文献
8.
《贵州气象》2015,(6)
该文采用FGOALS-s2模式两个20 a积分试验的结果,一个是海气自由耦合的控制试验,另一个是由控制试验产生的月平均海温强迫大气的海温强迫试验,通过比较两个试验结果的气候态和标准差,研究海气耦合模式FGOALS-s2模拟东亚气候变率的能力。结果表明:FGOALS-s2模式控制试验能够很好的再现降水和大气环流场的气候特征。与海温强迫试验相比:耦合模式能更好的模拟东亚地区气候态,200~500 h Pa垂直积分的气温整体偏低,850 h Pa上的东亚夏季风和南亚夏季风均偏弱,青藏高原附近的降水显著偏少,阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾、南海区域降水偏多,副高减弱偏南;耦合模式模拟的东亚气候标准差,在青藏高原上空200~500 h Pa上垂直积分气温变率偏大,阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾以及南海和西北太平洋降水变率均偏少;两种试验均能较好地模拟中国雨带从华南到长江流域再到华北的季节演变过程,控制试验模拟的降水北进过程中雨带偏南,而南退过程缓慢。 相似文献
9.
文章扼要介绍了基于LASG/IAP大气环流谱模式(SAMIL)的气候系统模式的新版本FGOALS-s的发展和结构。出于发展一个在东亚季风模拟方面有一定优势的气候系统模式之目的,FGOALS-s的大气模式分量SAMIL采用了较高的水平分辨率R42,这相当于2.8125°(经度)×1.66°(纬度),高于三角截断T42的分辨率。对FGOALS-s在模拟大气、陆面、海洋和海冰的气候平均态,以及主要的年际变率信号方面的能力进行了检验。分析表明,FGOALS-s成功地控制了气候漂移趋势,能够较为真实地模拟大气、海洋和陆面的气候平均态,特别是受益于大气模式的较高分辨率,由中国西南向东北延伸的夏季风雨带的分布,在模式中得到较为真实的再现,表明该模式在东亚夏季风的模拟上具有较强能力。耦合模式能够成功再现El Ni~no事件的非规则周期变化,但是其年际变化的振幅较之观测要弱。赤道中西太平洋年际变率的强度较之赤道中东太平洋要强。在中高纬度,模式模拟的北大西洋涛动模态,在空间分布上与观测接近。FGOALS-s模式存在的主要问题,是模拟的热带海温偏冷、而中纬度海温则偏暖,原因是模式模拟的云量分布存在偏差,它直接影响到海表的净热通量收支。模式模拟的北大西洋高纬度地区的海温明显偏冷,令该地区的年平均海冰分布的范围明显偏大;然而受南极周边海温偏高影响,南极洲周围的海冰范围则偏少。FGOALS-s的未来工作重点,宜放在大气模式的云过程、海洋模式的经向能量输送过程、以及海洋与大气的淡水通量耦合方案的改进方面。 相似文献
10.
本文通过与观测和再分析资料的对比,评估了LASG/IAP发展的气候系统模式FGOALS的两个版本FGOALS-g2和FGOALS-s2对南亚夏季风的气候态和年际变率的模拟能力,并使用水汽收支方程诊断,研究了造成降水模拟偏差的原因。结果表明,两个模式夏季气候态降水均在陆地季风槽内偏少,印度半岛附近海域偏多,在降水年循环中表现为夏季北侧辐合带北推范围不足。FGOALS-g2中赤道印度洋"东西型"海温偏差导致模拟的东赤道印度洋海上辐合带偏弱,而FGOALS-s2中印度洋"南北型"海温偏差导致模拟的海上辐合带偏向西南。水汽收支分析表明,两个模式中气候态夏季风降水的模拟偏差主要来自于整层积分的水汽通量,尤其是垂直动力平流项的模拟偏差。一方面,夏季阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾的海温偏冷而赤道西印度洋海温偏暖,造成向印度半岛的水汽输送偏少;另一方面,对流层温度偏冷,冷中心位于印度半岛北部对流层上层,同时季风槽内总云量偏少,云长波辐射效应偏弱,对流层经向温度梯度偏弱以及大气湿静力稳定度偏强引起的下沉异常造成陆地季风槽内降水偏少。在年际变率上,观测中南亚夏季风环流和降水指数与Ni?o3.4指数存在负相关关系,但FGOALS两个版本模式均存在较大偏差。两个模式中与ENSO暖事件相关的沃克环流异常下沉支和对应的负降水异常西移至赤道以南的热带中西印度洋,沿赤道非对称的加热异常令两个模式中越赤道环流季风增强,导致印度半岛南部产生正降水异常。ENSO相关的沃克环流异常下沉支及其对应的负降水异常偏西与两个模式对热带南印度洋气候态降水的模拟偏差有关。研究结果表明,若要提高FGOALS两个版本模式对南亚夏季风气候态模拟技巧,需减小耦合模式对印度洋海温、对流层温度及云的模拟偏差;若要提高南亚夏季风和ENSO相关性模拟技巧需要提高模式对热带印度洋气候态降水以及与ENSO相关的环流异常的模拟能力。 相似文献
11.
BAO Qing 《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,5(1):43-48
Responses of the Asian Summer Monsoon(ASM) in future projections have been studied based on two core future projections of phase five of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5) coordinated experiments with the IAP-coupled model FGOALS_s2(the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model).The projected changes of the ASM in climatological mean and interannual variability were respectively reported.Both the South Asian Summer Monsoon(SASM) and the East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM) were intensified in their climatology,featuring increased monsoon precipitation and an enhanced monsoon lower-level westerly jet flow.Accordingly,the amplitude of the annual cycle of rainfall over East Asia(EA) is enhanced,thereby indicating a more abrupt monsoon onset.After the EA monsoon onset,the EASM marched farther northward in the future scenarios than in the historical runs.In the interannual variability,the leading pattern of the EASM,defined by the first multi-variable EOF analysis over EA,explains more of the total variances in the warmest future scenario,specifically,Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP8.5).Also,the correlation coefficients analysis suggests that the relationship between the EASM interannual variations and ENSO was significantly strengthened in the future projections,which may indicate improved predictability of the EASM interannual variations. 相似文献
12.
Predictability of the East Asian winter monsoon interannual variability as indicated by the DEMETER CGCMS 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
The interannual variability of East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM) circulation from the Development of a European Multi-Model Ensemble(MME) System for Seasonal to Inter-Annual Prediction(DEMETER) hindcasts was evaluated against observation reanalysis data.We evaluated the DEMETER coupled general circulation models(CGCMs)’ retrospective prediction of the typical EAWM and its associated atmospheric circulation.Results show that the EAWM can be reasonably predicted with statistically significant accuracy,yet the major bias of the hindcast models is the underestimation of the related anomalies.The temporal correlation coefficient(TCC) of the MME-produced EAWM index,defined as the first EOF mode of 850hPa air temperature within the EAWM domain(20-60 N,90-150 E),was 0.595.This coefficient was higher than those of the corresponding individual models(range:0.39-0.51) for the period 1969-2001;this result indicates the advantage of the super-ensemble approach.This study also showed that the ensemble models can reasonably reproduce the major modes and their interannual variabilities for sea level pressure,geopotential height,surface air temperature,and wind fields in Eurasia.Therefore,the prediction of EAWM interannual variability is feasible using multimodel ensemble systems and that they may also reveal the associated mechanisms of the EAWM interannual variability. 相似文献
13.
2010年南方持续暴雨期大气环流异常及其低频特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用NCEP／NCAR逐日再分析资料以及国家气候中心台站降水资料等,应用多变量经验正交函数展开（MV—EOF）等方法,对2010年南方持续暴雨期大气环流异常及其低频特征进行了分析。结果表明：2010年东亚夏季风异常偏弱、西太平洋副热带高压位置异常偏南、三次季风涌的出现和高空急流与散度场活动异常及其相互配合,是南方降水异常的主要影响系统;对风场和降水场MV-EOF空间型分布的分析显示,低频降水中心与200hPa的气流辐散中心和850hPa辐合中心相关联;降水的第一模态反映了东亚夏季风的气候态演变,第二、三模态反映了夏季风在季节性推进过程中不同尺度的低频振荡,7月前半月和6月中下旬,第二、三模态分别处于低频振荡的正位相,使长江中下游梅雨和华南前汛期延迟结束,并且增强了江南的梅雨降水,夏季风的气候态演变和低频振荡相叠加导致2010年我国南方暴雨频发。 相似文献
14.
The interannual variation of East Asia summer monsoon (EASM) rainfall exhibits considerable differences between early summer [May–June (MJ)] and peak summer [July–August (JA)]. The present study focuses on peak summer. During JA, the mean ridge line of the western Pacific subtropical High (WPSH) divides EASM domain into two sub-domains: the tropical EA (5°N–26.5°N) and subtropical-extratropical EA (26.5°N–50°N). Since the major variability patterns in the two sub-domains and their origins are substantially different, the Part I of this study concentrates on the tropical EA or Southeast Asia (SEA). We apply the predictable mode analysis approach to explore the predictability and prediction of the SEA peak summer rainfall. Four principal modes of interannual rainfall variability during 1979–2013 are identified by EOF analysis: (1) the WPSH-dipole sea surface temperature (SST) feedback mode in the Northern Indo-western Pacific warm pool associated with the decay of eastern Pacific El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), (2) the central Pacific-ENSO mode, (3) the Maritime continent SST-Australian High coupled mode, which is sustained by a positive feedback between anomalous Australian high and sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over Indian Ocean, and (4) the ENSO developing mode. Based on understanding of the sources of the predictability for each mode, a set of physics-based empirical (P-E) models is established for prediction of the first four leading principal components (PCs). All predictors are selected from either persistent atmospheric lower boundary anomalies from March to June or the tendency from spring to early summer. We show that these four modes can be predicted reasonably well by the P-E models, thus they are identified as the predictable modes. Using the predicted PCs and the corresponding observed spatial patterns, we have made a 35-year cross-validated hindcast, setting up a bench mark for dynamic models’ predictions. The P-E hindcast prediction skill represented by domain-averaged temporal correlation coefficient is 0.44, which is twice higher than the skill of the current dynamical hindcast, suggesting that the dynamical models have large rooms to improve. The maximum potential attainable prediction skills for the peak summer SEA rainfall is also estimated and discussed by using the PMA. High predictability regions are found over several climatological rainfall centers like Indo-China peninsula, southern coast of China, southeastern SCS, and Philippine Sea. 相似文献
15.
利用夏季东亚地区500 h Pa高度场和菲律宾附近的降水场进行SVD分析,将东亚500 h Pa高度场对应的时间序列定义为PJ指数,该指数不仅清楚地反映PJ型的年际变化,而且反应出PJ型的年代际变化,即500 h Pa高度场型态在20世纪70年代末由"气旋、反气旋、气旋"型突变为"反气旋、气旋、反气旋"型。本文研究表明PJ指数的年际变化与ENSO事件有密切的联系:El Ni1o事件通过电容器充电效应使印度洋海温增暖,而增暖的印度洋海温在菲律宾海附近强迫出异常反气旋,并沿东亚沿岸激发出PJ遥相关型。而PJ型态的年代际变化与热带印度洋SST的持续增暖有关。虽然许多学者认为是菲律宾附近海温异常引起对流异常,并沿东亚沿岸激发出PJ遥相关型,但我们认为该区域的海温变化并不是造成PJ型年际和年代际变化的原因,而是由于该区域有反气旋(或者气旋)异常,从而辐射增加(减少),蒸发减弱(增加),温跃层下降(上升),SST变暖(变冷),该区域的海温变暖意味着对流是减弱的。本文进一步利用大气环流模式ECHAM5.4进行数值试验,结果表明:当热带印度洋增暖时,在菲律宾海附近强迫出反气旋,并沿东亚激发出"反气旋、气旋、反气旋"PJ遥相关型。 相似文献
16.
Statistical Downscaling for Multi-Model Ensemble Prediction
of Summer Monsoon Rainfall in the Asia-Pacific
Region Using Geopotential Height Field 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
The 21-yr ensemble predictions of model precipitation and circulation in the East Asian and western North Pacific （Asia-Pacific） summer monsoon region （0°-50°N, 100° 150°E） were evaluated in nine different AGCM, used in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Climate Center （APCC） multi-model ensemble seasonal prediction system. The analysis indicates that the precipitation anomaly patterns of model ensemble predictions are substantially different from the observed counterparts in this region, but the summer monsoon circulations are reasonably predicted. For example, all models can well produce the interannual variability of the western North Pacific monsoon index （WNPMI） defined by 850 hPa winds, but they failed to predict the relationship between WNPMI and precipitation anomalies. The interannual variability of the 500 hPa geopotential height （GPH） can be well predicted by the models in contrast to precipitation anomalies. On the basis of such model performances and the relationship between the interannual variations of 500 hPa GPH and precipitation anomalies, we developed a statistical scheme used to downscale the summer monsoon precipitation anomaly on the basis of EOF and singular value decomposition （SVD）. In this scheme, the three leading EOF modes of 500 hPa GPH anomaly fields predicted by the models are firstly corrected by the linear regression between the principal components in each model and observation, respectively. Then, the corrected model GPH is chosen as the predictor to downscale the precipitation anomaly field, which is assembled by the forecasted expansion coefficients of model 500 hPa GPH and the three leading SVD modes of observed precipitation anomaly corresponding to the prediction of model 500 hPa GPH during a 19-year training period. The cross-validated forecasts suggest that this downscaling scheme may have a potential to improve the forecast skill of the precipitation anomaly in the South China Sea, western North Pacific and the East Asia Pacific regions, wh 相似文献
17.
East Asian (EA) summer monsoon shows considerable differences in the mean state and principal modes of interannual variation between early summer (May–June, MJ) and late summer (July–August, JA). The present study focuses on the early summer (MJ) precipitation variability. We find that the interannual variation of the MJ precipitation and the processes controlling the variation have been changed abruptly around the mid-1990s. The rainfall anomaly represented by the leading empirical orthogonal function has changed from a dipole-like pattern in pre-95 epoch (1979–1994) to a tripole-like pattern in post-95 epoch (1995–2010); the prevailing period of the corresponding principal component has also changed from 3–5 to 2–3 years. These changes are concurrent with the changes of the corresponding El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) evolutions. During the pre-95 epoch, the MJ EA rainfall anomaly is coupled to a slow decay of canonical ENSO events signified by an eastern Pacific warming, which induces a dipole rainfall feature over EA. On the other hand, during the post-95 epoch the anomalous MJ EA rainfall is significantly linked to a rapid decay of a central Pacific warming and a distinct tripolar sea surface temperature (SST) in North Atlantic. The central Pacific warming-induced Philippine Sea anticyclone induces an increased rainfall in southern China and decreased rainfall in central eastern China. The North Atlantic Oscillation-related tripolar North Atlantic SST anomaly induces a wave train that is responsible for the increase northern EA rainfall. Those two impacts form the tripole-like rainfall pattern over EA. Understanding such changes is important for improving seasonal to decadal predictions and long-term climate change in EA. 相似文献
18.
The spatio-temporal variations of eastern China spring rainfall are identified via empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of rain-gauge (gridded) precipitation datasets for the period 1958–2013 (1920–2013). The interannual variations of the first two leading EOF modes are linked with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with this linkage being modulated by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The EOF1 mode, characterized by predominant rainfall anomalies from the Yangtze River to North China (YNC), is more likely associated with out-of-phase PDO–ENSO events [i.e., El Niño during cold PDO (EN_CPDO) and La Niña during warm PDO (LN_WPDO)]. The sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) distributions of EN_CPDO (LN_WPDO) events induce a significant anomalous anticyclone (cyclone) over the western North Pacific stretching northward to the Korean Peninsula and southern Japan, resulting in anomalous southwesterlies (northeasterlies) prevailing over eastern China and above-normal (below-normal) rainfall over YNC. In contrast, EOF2 exhibits a dipole pattern with predominantly positive rainfall anomalies over southern China along with negative anomalies over YNC, which is more likely connected to in-phase PDO–ENSO events [i.e., El Niño during warm PDO (EN_WPDO) and La Niña during cold PDO (LN_CPDO)]. EN_WPDO (LN_CPDO) events force a southwest–northeast oriented dipole-like circulation pattern leading to significant anomalous southwesterlies (northeasterlies) and above-normal (below-normal) rainfall over southern China. Numerical experiments with the CAM5 model forced by the SSTA patterns of EN_WPDO and EN_CPDO events reproduce reasonably well the corresponding anomalous atmospheric circulation patterns and spring rainfall modes over eastern China, validating the related mechanisms. 相似文献
19.
This study documents the first two principal modes of interannual variability of midsummer precipitation over Northeast China(NEC) and their associated atmospheric circulation anomalies. It is shown that the first principal mode exhibits the largest amount of variability in precipitation over the south of NEC(referred to as the south mode), whereas the second principal mode behaves with the greatest precipitation anomaly over the north of NEC(referred to as the north mode). Further findings reveal that, through modulating moisture transportation and upper-and lower-troposphere divergence circulation as well as vertical movement over NEC, the anomalous northwestern Pacific anticyclone and the anticyclone centered over northern NEC exert the dominant influence on the south and north modes, respectively. Additionally, it is quantitatively estimated that water vapor across the southern boundary of NEC dominates the moisture budget for the south mode, while the north mode has a close connection with moisture through NEC's northern and western boundaries. Furthermore, the north(south) mode is strongly related to the intensity(meridional shift) of the East Asian westerly jet. 相似文献