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1.
大洋间SST遥联与亚太夏季风异常的关系   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
用奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD)方法,给出了四季年代际和年际时间尺度上北大西洋和北太平洋海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)的显著遥相关.用SVD主模态时间系数构造了海温异常指数Ⅰ,分析了它们与同期亚太夏季风和我国东部夏季降水异常的关系.结果表明:两大洋间的SST遥联在年际、年代际时间尺度上都与亚太夏季风相关,其中,年际尺度的两大洋SST遥联与长江流域的降水存在显著相关.  相似文献   

2.
应用1979—2010年MRI-CGCM模式回报、NCEP/NCAR再分析数据和中国东部降水观测资料检验了模式对东亚夏季风的模拟能力,并利用模式500 hPa高度场回报资料建立了中国东部夏季降水的奇异值分解(SVD)降尺度模型。模式较好地模拟了亚洲季风区夏季降水的气候态,但模拟的季风环流偏弱、偏南,导致降水偏弱。模拟降水的方差明显偏小,且模拟降水的外部、内部方差比值低,模拟降水受模式初值影响较大。模式对长江雨型的模拟能力最高,华南雨型次之,华北雨型最低。模式对东亚夏季风第1模态的模拟能力明显高于第2模态。对于东亚夏季风第1模态,模式模拟出了西太平洋异常反气旋,但强度偏弱,且未模拟出中高纬度的日本海气旋、鄂霍次克海反气旋,导致长江中下游至日本南部降水偏弱。各时次模拟环流均能反映但低估了ENSO衰减、印度洋偏暖对西太平洋反气旋的增强作用。对于东亚夏季风第2模态,模式对西太平洋的“气旋-反气旋”结构有一定的模拟能力,但未模拟出贝加尔湖异常反气旋和东亚沿海异常气旋,导致中国东部“北少南多”雨型在模拟中完全遗漏。仅超前时间小于4个月的模拟降水能够反映ENSO发展对降水分布的作用。通过交叉检验选取左场时间系数可以提高降尺度模型的预测技巧,SVD降尺度模型在华南、江南、淮河、华北4个区域平均距平相关系数分别为0.20、0.23、0.18、0.02,明显高于模式直接输出。   相似文献   

3.
The Asian monsoon system, including the western North Pacific (WNP), East Asian, and Indian monsoons, dominates the climate of the Asia-Indian Ocean-Pacific region, and plays a significant role in the global hydrological and energy cycles. The prediction of monsoons and associated climate features is a major challenge in seasonal time scale climate forecast. In this study, a comprehensive assessment of the interannual predictability of the WNP summer climate has been performed using the 1-month lead retrospective forecasts (hindcasts) of five state-of-the-art coupled models from ENSEMBLES for the period of 1960–2005. Spatial distribution of the temporal correlation coefficients shows that the interannual variation of precipitation is well predicted around the Maritime Continent and east of the Philippines. The high skills for the lower-tropospheric circulation and sea surface temperature (SST) spread over almost the whole WNP. These results indicate that the models in general successfully predict the interannual variation of the WNP summer climate. Two typical indices, the WNP summer precipitation index and the WNP lower-tropospheric circulation index (WNPMI), have been used to quantify the forecast skill. The correlation coefficient between five models’ multi-model ensemble (MME) mean prediction and observations for the WNP summer precipitation index reaches 0.66 during 1979–2005 while it is 0.68 for the WNPMI during 1960–2005. The WNPMI-regressed anomalies of lower-tropospheric winds, SSTs and precipitation are similar between observations and MME. Further analysis suggests that prediction reliability of the WNP summer climate mainly arises from the atmosphere–ocean interaction over the tropical Indian and the tropical Pacific Ocean, implying that continuing improvement in the representation of the air–sea interaction over these regions in CGCMs is a key for long-lead seasonal forecast over the WNP and East Asia. On the other hand, the prediction of the WNP summer climate anomalies exhibits a remarkable spread resulted from uncertainty in initial conditions. The summer anomalies related to the prediction spread, including the lower-tropospheric circulation, SST and precipitation anomalies, show a Pacific-Japan or East Asia-Pacific pattern in the meridional direction over the WNP. Our further investigations suggest that the WNPMI prediction spread arises mainly from the internal dynamics in air–sea interaction over the WNP and Indian Ocean, since the local relationships among the anomalous SST, circulation, and precipitation associated with the spread are similar to those associated with the interannual variation of the WNPMI in both observations and MME. However, the magnitudes of these anomalies related to the spread are weaker, ranging from one third to a half of those anomalies associated with the interannual variation of the WNPMI in MME over the tropical Indian Ocean and subtropical WNP. These results further support that the improvement in the representation of the air–sea interaction over the tropical Indian Ocean and subtropical WNP in CGCMs is a key for reducing the prediction spread and for improving the long-lead seasonal forecast over the WNP and East Asia.  相似文献   

4.
东亚季风指数及其与大尺度热力环流年际变化关系   总被引:24,自引:1,他引:23  
将东西向海平面气压差与低纬度高、低层纬向风切变相结合 ,定义了东亚季风指数 ,该季风指数较好地反映了东亚冬、夏季风变化。其中 ,夏季风指数年际异常对西太平洋副热带高压南北位置变化和长江中下游旱涝具有较强的反映能力。分析表明 :东亚夏季风年际变化与印度洋 -西太平洋上空反 Walker环流及夏季越赤道南北半球间的季风环流呈显著正相关关系。在强、弱异常东亚夏季风年份 ,异常的 Walker环流在西太平洋上的辐合 (辐散 )中心在垂直方向不重合 ,高层 ( 2 0 0 h Pa)速度势与东亚夏季风显著相关区域位于西北太平洋上 ,该异常环流的高层的辐合 (辐散 )通过改变低层空气质量而影响夏季 50 0 h Pa西北太平洋副热带高压。采用 SVD分析进一步发现 :与海温耦合的异常 Walker环流在西太平洋上空的上升支表现出南北半球关于赤道非对称结构 ,亚澳季风区受该异常 Walker环流控制。因而 ,东亚季风与热带海气相互作用可直接通过这种纬向非对称的 Walker环流发生联系。  相似文献   

5.
秦岭及周边地区夏季降水的主模态分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
基于秦岭及周边地区394站气象观测资料、欧洲中期数值预报中心(ECMWF)再分析ERA-Interim数据,利用小波和回归等分析方法,讨论了秦岭及周边地区夏季降水年际变化的主模态以及与其相联系的大气环流异常。结果表明:1)在年际变化的时间尺度上,秦岭及周边地区夏季降水主要表现为秦岭南北降水的气候差异性变化(EOF1)、黄土高原第二地形抬升带与其两侧降水的反位相振荡(EOF2)、秦岭西南部降水正异常和其东北部降水负异常变化(EOF3)和关中平原的地形降水贡献(EOF4)4个模态,其解释方差总贡献为73%,并且具有显著的2~4 a周期,其中EOF3和EOF4还具有4~8 a左右的年际变化周期。2)回归分析表明,EOF1正位相环流特征表现为200 hPa急流偏弱,中纬度槽填塞,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏弱,有来源于东海的水汽输送,使得秦岭北部降水偏多;EOF2和EOF3分别具有显著的蒙古低压和东北冷涡环流特征;EOF4的500 hPa环流异常不显著。3)根据新定义的秦岭季风指数回归分析表明,回归场的季风指数和降水模态的时间系数显著相关,秦岭北部降水偏多(少),南部降水偏少(多),反映了强(弱)季风年的年际转换。反之则具有多态性,不同年份强(弱)秦岭回归季风指数的环流形势存在较大的差异,可能触发多种降水模态和位相振荡。  相似文献   

6.
Climatologically, June is usually the wettest month in Hong Kong. With significant interannual variation of the summer monsoon, the rainfall variability in June is also large. As Hong Kong is in close proximity to the peripheries of different monsoon regions, the variability of June rainfall largely depends on the relative strength of various monsoon systems. In the present study, a new index comparing the relative condition of the western North Pacific summer monsoon and the South China Sea summer monsoon is developed based on the difference between the respective monsoon indices WNPMI (western North Pacific summer monsoon index) and UMI (unified monsoon index). It is shown that June rainfall in Hong Kong and its vicinity is better correlated with this new index than either WNPMI or UMI alone. Based on the signs of the new index in conjunction with those of WNPMI and UMI, a framework to stratify the monsoon conditions into different configurations together with a simple scheme to summarize the associated rainfall responses is formulated. This study highlights how the rainfall variability on a local or regional scale can be quantified by the broad-scale conditions of different monsoon systems.  相似文献   

7.
山西春季降水与500hPa环流场及太平洋海温场异常的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用1961—2008年春季山西省62个气象站的逐月降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、NOAA太平洋海温资料等,应用SVD、Monte Carlo统计检验和合成分析等方法,探讨了山西春季降水与500hPa环流场及太平洋海温场的异常关系。结果表明,当春季500hPa平均高度场上,欧洲北部、日本海和北太平洋东部出现正异常,而极地、西西伯利亚出现负异常时,山西春季降水易偏多;反之,则易偏少。当春季赤道中东太平洋海温异常偏高,北太平洋东南部海温异常偏低,且前期冬季也有相似的海温距平分布时,山西春季降水易偏多;反之,则易偏少。春季,850hPa我国东部地区110°~120°E范围偏南风减弱是导致山西春季降水偏少的重要因素。  相似文献   

8.
敖婷  ;李跃清 《干旱气象》2014,(2):175-183
利用1958~2012年JRA55月平均再分析资料和我国西北地区33站降水资料,通过EOF、相关、合成、SVD等统计方法,分析了500 hPa广义位温场与我国西北地区夏季降水的关系。结果表明:夏季500 hPa关键区(40°E~80°E,30°N~60°N)广义位温场与我国西北地区降水关系最为密切,当里海、咸海、贝加尔湖以北地区对流层中层偏暖湿,中亚南部偏冷干时,我国西北地区西部降水偏多,而东部降水偏少。尤其是在新疆南部及甘肃北部降水偏多更为显著,而甘肃南部降水偏少则最为明显;反之亦然。前期2月500 hPa广义位温场自赤道阿拉伯海沿南亚印度北部、中国西北至北亚,呈西南东北向的"+﹣﹢﹣"分布时,随后夏季西北地区降水西部多、东部少。并且,夏季关键区对流层中层广义位温场的异常变化,对应着不同的大气环流场异常,而这种环流形势则进一步影响我国西北地区东西部的降水异常。  相似文献   

9.
The reproducibility of boreal summer intraseasonal variability (ISV) and its interannual variation by dynamical models are assessed through diagnosing 21-year retrospective forecasts from ten state-of-the-art ocean–atmosphere coupled prediction models. To facilitate the assessment, we have defined the strength of ISV activity by the standard deviation of 20–90 days filtered precipitation during the boreal summer of each year. The observed climatological ISV activity exhibits its largest values over the western North Pacific and Indian monsoon regions. The notable interannual variation of ISV activity is found primarily over the western North Pacific in observation while most models have the largest variability over the central tropical Pacific and exhibit a wide range of variability in spatial patterns that are different from observation. Although the models have large systematic biases in spatial pattern of dominant variability, the leading EOF modes of the ISV activity in the models are closely linked to the models’ El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which is a feature that resembles the observed ISV and ENSO relationship. The ENSO-induced easterly vertical shear anomalies in the western and central tropical Pacific, where the summer mean vertical wind shear is weak, result in ENSO-related changes of ISV activity in both observation and models. It is found that the principal components of the predicted dominant modes of ISV activity fluctuate in a very similar way with observed ones. The model biases in the dominant modes are systematic and related to the external SST forcing. Thus the statistical correction method of this study based on singular value decomposition is capable of removing a large portion of the systematic errors in the predicted spatial patterns. The 21-year-averaged pattern correlation skill increases from 0.25 to 0.65 over the entire Asian monsoon region after applying the bias correction method to the multi-model ensemble mean prediction.  相似文献   

10.
使用1951—2002年前期(1—5月)北太平洋海温场月平均资料,运用合成分析、多因变量方差分析、判别分析及相关分析方法,探讨我国汛期雨带类型与前期北太平洋海温的时空分布关系。分析表明:尽管汛期各雨带类型对应着前期不同的海温距平场,但它们之间只有部分海域存在显著性差异,且在1月表现最显著。各雨带类型对应海温距平场显著差异关键区主要位于北太平洋的南北海域,即北部中高纬亲潮附近(40°~50°N, 160°E~180°),北太平洋西风漂流区(30°~40°N,175°~145°W)及南部近赤道太平洋中部(10°S~0°, 175°~145°W),且南北海温呈反相关关系。将海温关键区作为判别因子,对雨带类型进行判别分析表明:用多个海温关键区作为判别因子建立的判别方程,其判别准确率比仅用某一海温关键区或海温区之间的和差简单定义的指数作为判别因子建立的判别方程判别准确率高,说明我国东部汛期降水型的分布与多个海温关键区的综合作用是密切相关的。进一步分析判别方程定义的1月海温判别指数与前期高度场和夏季副热带高压各特征量的相关关系表明,该指数对我国汛期雨带类型影响的可能途径是:一是造成大气环流异常,特别是北太平洋涛动的异常,并形成PNA大气遥相关型,从而引起我国汛期降水异常;二是造成西太平洋副热带高压的异常,主要是面积、强度和西伸脊点位置的异常,从而引起我国汛期降水异常。可见,冬季北太平洋海温南北异常与我国汛期雨带类型关系密切,且具有重要的天气气候学意义。  相似文献   

11.
利用1965~2000年华北5省市及相邻省73个地面观测站逐月平均降水场及北半球500 hPa高度场、北太平洋海温场资料, 采用奇异值分解 (SVD)、奇异交叉谱 (SCSA) 分析方法, 将华北夏季降水场分别与1月北半球500 hPa高度场、冬季北太平洋海温场进行了诊断分析, 得出奇异向量分布型及相互作用的耦合周期信号。在对前4对奇异向量的分析中发现, 华北夏季降水全区域为正距平时与1月北半球500 hPa高度场PNA遥相关型关系非常密切。ENSO对华北夏季降水的影响确实存在, 但华北夏季降水全区域为正距平时与冬季北太平洋ENSO关系并不明显。同时还找出了华北降水与北半球500 hPa高度、北太平洋海温场相互作用的关键区。在华北各型降水与高度场、海温场关键区相互作用的耦合周期中, 前者以准2~7年振荡为主; 后者则周期较长, 最短周期仍为准2年振荡, 最长周期为准10~11年振荡。以上结论为进一步研究华北夏季降水短期气候预测方法, 提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

12.
采用1957—2002年850 hPa风场的ERA-40再分析资料,分析得知西北太平洋低层环流存在着明显的年际变化。这种年际变化表征了西北太平洋夏季风的年际变化,并且会影响东亚夏季风的变化。用Hadley海表面气压以及海表温度资料诊断得到,这种夏季西北太平洋反气旋异常(WPAC,northwest Pacific anomalous anticyclone)的年际变化与北印度洋同期海表温度变化存在很好的相关。用偏相关方法消除N ino3.4信号的同期线性影响,这种同期相关更加显著,而西南热带印度洋的同期海温与WPAC的相关并不显著。数值试验结果表明,北印度洋存在正海温异常时,北印度洋降水偏多,同时伴随着西北太平洋反气旋异常。当只有西南热带印度洋有正海温异常时,北印度洋会出现东风异常且降水减少,而西北太平洋有弱的气旋异常。数值模式结果与观测数据的诊断结果相吻合,说明当夏季北印度洋海表温度为正异常时,可能会产生西北太平洋反气旋异常。  相似文献   

13.
关键区海温年代际异常对我国东部夏季降水影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
利用1931—2010年UKMO HADISST1全球月海表温度、NOAA再分析资料及我国东部96个站月降水量资料,使用REOF,SVD及合成分析等方法探讨了关键区冬季海表温度 (SST) 年代际异常对我国东部夏季降水的影响。结果表明:当冬季黑潮区SST年代际异常处于正位相时,夏季500 hPa中高纬度地区位势高度呈“+-+”距平分布,西风带经向环流盛行,西太平洋副热带高压加强、西伸;850 hPa风场距平场上,北方地区为反气旋性异常控制,南海上空为异常偏南气流,这样的环流配置有利于我国东部夏季多雨带出现在长江中下游地区;当冬季南印度洋偶极子 (SIOD) 年代际异常处于正位相时,夏季500 hPa中高纬度地区位势高度为正距平,阻塞形势发展,经向环流盛行,有利于冷空气南下,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏强,位置略偏南、偏西;850 hPa风场距平场上,北方地区为一反气旋性异常控制,异常偏北气流延伸至我国南方地区,索马里越赤道气流偏强。这种环流配置使得副热带锋区偏南,夏季多雨带位于华南及东南沿海地区。  相似文献   

14.
利用国家气候中心1960~2000年500 hPa高度场10°×5°经纬度月平均资料,采用EOF、SVD方法,分析了北太平洋涛动区(25°~70°N,140°E~150°W)500 hPa高度场季节变化特征和中国东北区80个测站降水场相关。结果表明:(1)北太平洋涛动区500 hPa高度场冬季EOF第1载荷向量场呈由北向南的“-,+”波列分布,这种北南分布相反型,占总体方差贡献的40%,可以表现为北低南高,类似地面气压场涛动 (NPO) 的正位相阶段,反映了40年北太平洋中高纬度上空以东亚大槽为定常波的大气环流基本模态,亦是NPO呈正位相阶段的主要成因,反之,类似地面气压场涛动(NPO)的负位相阶段,第2载荷向量场呈整体“+”值分布,占方差贡献28%,该模态则表现为东亚大槽被长波脊替代的与气候基本模态呈相反分布的异常环流型;夏季第1载荷向量场基本模态则为全区的正值分布,占总体方差贡献的30%,第3载荷向量呈北“+”南“-”的分布,占方差贡献的13%,表明夏季500 hPa高度场NPO不是主要模态;春秋两季均呈现出较为明显的NPO模态;(2)北太平洋涛动区500 hPa高度冬季平均场与东北区夏季降水场呈由北向南的“+,-”相关波列,存在显著的相关性(α>0.01), 第1对SVD奇异向量占总方差贡献的49%,当NPO区前冬500 hPa高度场呈负位相阶段时,东北区夏季降水偏多,反之,东北区夏季干旱少雨,其它季节亦有类似隔季相关关系。  相似文献   

15.
本文基于华北夏季降水数据、NCEP/NCAR再分析环流数据,采用了相关、合成和环流异常回归重构等方法,分析了东亚副热带夏季风指数、华北大气动力上升指数与华北夏季降水的关系。主要结果如下:1)东亚副热带夏季风指数、华北大气动力上升指数与华北夏季降水有很好的对应关系。当两个指数偏强时,华北夏季降水会异常偏多;两个指数偏弱,华北夏季降水异常偏少;如果两个指数强弱不一致时,华北会出现区域性降水偏多情况,但全区整体降水量基本为正常值。2)华北夏季降水异常是东亚副热带夏季风和华北大气动力上升运动协同作用的结果。在东亚副热带夏季风指数、华北大气动力上升指数偏强年,夏季500 hPa层贝加尔湖槽会加深、西北太平洋副热带高压会偏北,华北处于“东高西低”的环流型控制下,西部低槽东移受阻,在华北维持较长时间的大气上升运动;850 hPa层印度夏季风、东亚副热带夏季风会偏强,这时热带印度洋西风水汽输送以及东亚副热带地区偏南风水汽输送或东南风水汽输送会加强,华北水汽来源充足。这种高、低空环流配置非常有利于造成华北夏季降水异常偏多。反之,华北夏季降水会异常偏少。3)前期4—5月,东亚副热带夏季风指数、华北大气动力上升指数偏强,可以作为华北夏季降水异常偏多的一个气候监测预测指标。  相似文献   

16.
北方雨季中国东部降水异常模态的环流特征及成因分析   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
郭恒  张庆云 《大气科学》2016,40(5):946-964
根据1958~2011年中国东部(105°E以东)316站逐日降水资料及NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,利用统计分析、物理量诊断等方法,探讨北方雨季(7月11日至8月31日)中国东部降水异常模态及同期、前期的大气环流特征。分析发现,北方雨季中国东部降水异常表现为三个相互独立的降水模态:第一模态为偏西型,当其时间系数为正(负)时,河套地区降水偏多(少),江淮流域上游降水偏少(多),南方大部降水偏多(少);第二模态为北方一致型,当其时间系数为正(负)时,北方降水一致偏多(少),长江流域降水偏少(多);第三模态为偏东型,当其时间系数为正(负)时,东北南部至长江中游降水偏多(少),华东沿海降水偏少(多)。研究发现,造成北方雨季三个降水异常模态的环流特征各不相同:偏西型降水主要受西亚高空副热带西风急流位置南北偏移影响;北方一致型降水主要由东亚-太平洋遥相关波列导致;偏东型降水主要与海陆气压异常对比造成的东亚夏季风变化有关。此外,三个模态与前期环流异常有密切联系。第一模态的正(负)异常由7月上旬200 hPa来自北大西洋的异常波列造成乌拉尔山位势高度负(正)异常和巴尔喀什湖以南位势高度正(负)异常引起。第二模态的正(负)异常与前期7月上旬200 hPa北大西洋上位势高度负(正)异常产生的沿中纬度(高纬度)路径向下游传播的波列有关。第三模态的正(负)异常由春季3月份低层蒙古上空异常的气旋(反气旋)持续至同期造成。  相似文献   

17.
基于经验正交函数(EOF)和奇异值分解(SVD)方法,作者对IAP9L-AGCM后报的东亚季风区1984~2003年共20年的跨季度夏季降水距平场进行回归订正,并对订正前后降水距平场与实测场间的空间相似性、强度、以及年际变化相关性进行分析.结果表明这两种订正方案均能明显提高夏季降水距平预报场与实测场间的空间相似性和年际变化相关性;而基于EOF的订正方案对强度的订正效果要优于基于SVD的订正方案.此外,在此基础上,我们进一步提出多种订正方法集合的思想.  相似文献   

18.
江苏夏季降水特征及其与太平洋海温的关系   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1  
利用江苏省13个代表站41 a(1960-2000年)的夏季降水资料及 NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,运用合成和相关分析方法考察了江苏夏季旱涝年环流特征以及夏季降水异常与太平洋海温的关系.结果表明:江苏夏季降水存在明显年际变化;江苏夏季涝(旱)年500 hPa东亚及西太平洋地区从低纬到中高纬呈"正负正"("负正负")的高度距平分布;江苏夏季降水与东亚夏季风指数反相关;江苏夏季降水的偏多(少)通常与前冬北太平洋海温偏暖(冷)有关.春季赤道东太平洋海温偏暖(冷),夏季降水偏多(少).  相似文献   

19.
The summer snow anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and their effects on climate variability are often overlooked,possibly due to the fact that some datasets cannot properly capture summer snow cover over high terrain.The satellite-derived Equal-Area Scalable Earth grid (EASE-grid) dataset shows that snow still exists in summer in the western part and along the southem flank of the TP.Analysis demonstrates that the summer snow cover area proportion (SCAP) over the TP has a significant positive correlation with simultaneous precipitation over the mei-yu-baiu (MB) region on the interannual time scale.The close relationship between the summer SCAP and summer precipitation over the MB region could not be simply considered as a simultaneous response to the Silk Road pattern and the SST anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean and tropical central-eastern Pacific.The SCAP anomaly has an independent effect and may directly modulate the land surface heating and,consequently,vertical motion over the western TP,and concurrently induce anomalous vertical motion over the North Indian Ocean via a meridional vertical circulation.Through a zonal vertical circulation over the tropics and a Kelvin wave-type response,anomalous vertical motion over the North Indian Ocean may result in an anomalous high over the western North Pacific and modulate the convective activity in the western Pacific warm pool,which stimulates the East Asia-Pacific (EAP) pattern and eventually affects summer precipitation over the MB region.  相似文献   

20.
In the present study the links between spring Arctic Oscillation (AO) and East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) was investigated with focus on the importance of the North Pacific atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature (SST). To reduce the statistical uncertainty, we analyzed high-pass filtered data with the inter-annual time scales, and excluded the El Ni?o/Southern Oscillation signals in the climate fields using a linear fitting method. The significant relationship between spring AO and EASM are supported by the changes of multi-monsoon components, including monsoon indices, precipitation, and three-dimensional atmospheric circulations. Following a stronger positive spring AO, an anomalous cyclonic circulation at 850?hPa appears in southeastern Asia and the western North Pacific in summer, with the easterly anomalies spanning from the Pacific to Asian continent along 25°N?C30°N and the westerly anomalies south of 15°N. At the same time, the summer western North Pacific subtropical high becomes weaker. Consistently, the positive precipitation anomalies are developed over a broad region south of 30°N stretching from southern China to the western Pacific and the negative precipitation anomalies appear in the lower valley of the Yangtze River and southern Japan. The anomalous cyclone in the western North Pacific persisting from spring to summer plays a key role in modulating EASM and monsoon precipitation by a positive air-sea feedback mechanism. During spring the AO-associated atmospheric circulation change produces warmer SSTs between 150°E?C180° near the equator. The anomalous sensible and latent heating, in turn, intensifies the cyclone through a Gill-type response of the atmosphere. Through this positive feedback, the tropical atmosphere and SST patterns sustain their strength from spring to summer, that consequently modifies the monsoon trough and the western North Pacific subtropical high and eventually the EASM precipitation. Moreover, the SST response to AO-circulation is supported by the numerical simulations of an ocean model, and the anomalous atmospheric circulation over the western North Pacific is also reproduced by the dedicated numerical simulations using the coupled atmosphere?Cocean model. The observation evidence and numerical simulations suggest the spring AO can impact the EASM via triggering tropical air-sea feedback over the western North Pacific.  相似文献   

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