共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
青藏高原东北侧一次暴雪过程的湿位涡分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用NCEP（1°×1°）全球再分析格点资料,对青藏高原东北侧2002年10月18日一次暴雪天气进行诊断分析。结果表明：500 hPa北上的西南暖湿气流与东移南压的西北冷空气在36°N附近交汇形成的高原切变线是造成这次强降水的主要天气系统。暴雪发生在700 hPa湿位涡正压项MPV1正值密集带和湿位涡斜压项MPV2负值区中。由于等eθ线变得陡立密集,大气对流不稳定能量释放,MPV2绝对值增大,大气湿斜压性增强导致下滑倾斜涡度发展是形成此次暴雪的重要原因,它对暴雪预报有着很好的指示作用。 相似文献
2.
湿位涡诊断在青藏高原东北侧暴雪预报中的应用个例 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
利用湿位涡理论,对2006年1月18-19日发生在青藏高原东北侧大范围暴雪天气进行了诊断分析,以探讨湿位涡诊断在青藏高原东北侧暴雪预报中的应用前景.个例分析表明:850 hPa和东风回流以及横切变耦合的正湿位涡高值区和500 hPa青藏高原东侧大槽前正湿位涡平流、300 hPa青藏高原东侧大槽前新生正湿位涡中心的叠加,形成有利于暴雪发生发展的湿位涡和湿位涡平流配置的三维空间结构;850 hPa等压面湿位涡正压项(ξMPV2)等值线密集区和等压面湿位涡斜压项(ξMPV1)<-2.0 PVU的中α尺度对流不稳定区形成的耦合区,对暴雪落区有指示意义. 相似文献
3.
利用加密自动站资料、风廓线资料、NCEP／NCAR1°×1°再分析资料和常规观测等气象资料,对2009年10月31日至11月1日和2012年3月17～18日发生在华北北部的2场相似形势的典型雨转暴雪天气过程进行了对比分析。结果表明：2次雨转暴雪天气过程都发生在过渡季节,并伴随雨雪转换,850hPa有明显锋区,锋前有倒槽发展,雨转暴雪出现在850hPa湿正压位涡项负值区（MPV1〈0）、湿斜压位涡项正值区（MPV2〉0）、整层大气可降水量大值区和700hPa的锋生函数脊线的重叠区域。700hPa出现冷平流中心且高度降低,近地层偏东风的有组织增强,850hPa温度≤-4℃,地面温度≤1℃是雨转雪的一个重要特征。 相似文献
4.
阿克苏北部暴雨和冰雹湿位涡对比诊断分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
应用湿位涡理论，分别对阿克苏北部2次暴雨和冰雹过程进行诊断分析。结果表明：θse面陡立易导致湿斜压涡度发展，形成θse陡峭密集区，密集区内暴雨和冰雹容易发生；850hPa MPV1〈0和MPV2〉0以及700hPa MPV1〉0和MPV2〈0，易产生暴雨，且MPV1和MPV2数量级相当，即正压过程与斜压过程同样重要。冰雹发生时850hPa MPV1〉0和MPV2〈0，由于影响系统的不同，700hPa MPV1和MPV2分布有所不同，但存在MPV1和MPV2的正负配置，有利于倾斜涡度发展。 相似文献
5.
利用NCEP1°×1°再分析资料,对2009年3月19—20日北疆沿天山一带一次暴雪天气过程进行诊断分析,着重探讨了湿位涡诊断在新疆暴雪预报中的应用。分析表明：暴雪的水汽输送有3个源地,低层负散度、向北倾斜的涡度“上负下正”分布、等θe线的陡立密集带、垂直速度负值区与暴雪落区均有较好的对应关系。暴雪主要发生在MPV1〉0、MPV2绝对值迅速增加且等值线密集分布的区域。MPV1下传增大,大气对流不稳定能量释放,低层MPV2绝对值增大,大气湿斜压性增强,下滑倾斜涡度增长是暴雪形成的重要原因。 相似文献
6.
山东春季一次罕见暴雨天气的湿位涡分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
应用湿位涡理论,对2003年4月发生在山东境内的一次罕见暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明:这次暴雨产生在925hPa以下θe线陡立密集区附近,θe线陡立密集区附近对流稳定度较小,有利于湿斜压涡度发展;湿位涡在这次暴雨过程前期700hPa上ξMPV1<0,ξMPV2>0的演变,综合反映了暴雨区对流不稳定及斜压不稳定的增强;对流层高层高值湿位涡下传有利于位势不稳定能量的释放,使降水增幅,也是低涡东移发展为气旋的重要机制。 相似文献
7.
河北东北部暴雪天气过程的湿位涡分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用湿位涡理论,对发生在河北东北部的两场罕见暴雪过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明,暴雪产生在θse陡立密集区附近,θse面的陡立易导致湿斜压涡度的发展,有利于上升运动的显著增强,使降水加剧;降雪天气过程中的MPV1基本为正值,且纯降雪过程的MPV1值大于雨夹雪的MPV1值;MPV2全为负值,密集的极值带状分布与降水带吻合。暴雪天气过程中MPV1明显比MPV2大;对流层高层高值湿位涡下传,有利于位势不稳定能量的储存和释放,使降水增幅。 相似文献
8.
利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,计算了2006年第4号强热带风暴“碧利斯”过境引发强降水过程的湿位涡（MPV）和假相当位温（θse）,分析了其湿位涡中尺度时空分布特矸,探讨了湿位涡发展、减弱与暴雨增幅、减弱的相关性,并结合假相当位温分布对此次强降水发生发展机制进行了分析。结果表明,850 hPa层湿位涡负值中心与强降水区域均有较好的对应关系,强的降水区域在850 hPa层位于湿位涡负中心的暖湿气流一侧,与负中心相距1个纬距左右,MPV负值中心大小可反映降水强度;在低纬地区,MPV的湿正压项MPV1负值区、MPV的湿斜压项MPV2正值中心北部以及θse等值面陡然向地面转折处是预报强降水中心落区的一个判据;MPV1负值增长期,MPV2由负值向正值过渡期,对应降水增幅期; 相似文献
9.
根据ERA5(0.25°×0.25°)再分析资料和常规观测资料，对2018年11月初黑龙江省一次由黄海气旋爆发性发展引发的区域性暴雪过程进行深入分析。结果表明：极涡南下，其底部短波槽东移，与高原槽合并促使黄海气旋爆发性生长，同时鄂霍次克海阻高建立并稳定维持，是造成此次暴雪的重要原因。500-850 hPa偏南急流将东海、日本海及黄海的水汽源源不断向暴雪区域传递，并且与200 hPa西南急流相互耦合，进一步加强了上升运动，提供了暴雪产生的动力和水汽条件。低层低涡和地面气旋在北上过程中，其西侧不断有冷空气呈楔形入侵，强迫暖湿空气抬升使大气斜压性增强，在对流层中低层形成次级环流，同样是暴雪发生重要的动力抬升机制。在“冷空气楔”逐步北抬时，其上空始终存在湿正压项ζMPV1<0或湿正压项ζMPV1>0、湿斜压降ζMPV2<0，有明显低层湿对称不稳定，从而有利于暴雪产生。 相似文献
10.
青藏高原东侧突发性暴雨的湿位涡诊断分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用MICAPS系统提供的常规观测资料对2004年6月29日、2004年8月10日发生在关中和陕北的突发性大暴雨进行湿位涡诊断分析。分析表明，700hPa等压面上，MPV1≤-0．3PVU中尺度对流不稳定区的生成、伴随对流不稳定区临近上游MPV1≥0．3PVU中尺度对流稳定区的生成，是形成突发性暴雨的湿正压场特征。伴随高原槽东移入河套（或关中），槽后有MPV2〈0湿斜压中心生成，槽前有MPV2〉0湿斜压中心生成，正负湿斜压中心在暴雨区及其临近上游生成MPV2等值线密集区，形成了突发性暴雨的700hPa湿斜压场特征。暴雨区上空有深厚湿位涡负值层的形成，伴随暴雨区上游对流层中低层有正湿位涡柱东移在暴雨区形成陡直的湿位涡等值线密集区，对突发性暴雨的发生有指示意义。扰动湿位涡的三维空间结构及其演变也是青藏高原东侧突发性暴雨预报当中可利用的重要信息。 相似文献
11.
Potential vorticity (PV) has been served as a powerful and useful dynamic tracer for the understanding of the large-scale dynamics and synoptic variations in the atmosphere and oceans. Significant progress has been made on the application of PV.
In recent decades there has been a substantial amount of work done on PV in a general moist atmosphere. In this paper PV and the generalized moist potential vorticity (GMPV) and their application in the tropical cyclones and mesoscale meteorological field are reviewed. The GMPV is derived for a real atmosphere (neither totally dry nor saturated) by introducing a generalized potential temperature instead of the potential temperature or equivalent potential temperature. Such a generalization can depict the moist effect on PV anomaly in the non-uniformly saturated atmosphere. A new convective vorticity vector (CVV) is introduced in connection with GMPV in order to diagnose the development of tropical deep convections. 相似文献
12.
In this paper,the continuity and thermodynamic equations including moisture forcings were derived.Using these two equations and the basic momentum equation of local Cartesian coordinates,the budget equation of generalized moist potential vorticity(GMPV) was derived.The GMPV equation is a good generalization of the Ertel potential vorticity(PV) and moist potential vorticity(MPV) equations.The GMPV equation is conserved under adiabatic,frictionless,barotropic,or saturated atmospheric conditions,and it is closely associated with the horizontal frontogenesis and stability of the real atmosphere.A real case study indicates that term diabatic heating could be a useful diagnostic tool for heavy rainfall events. 相似文献
13.
Dynamical and Thermal Problems in Vortex Development
and Movement. Part II: Generalized Slantwise
Vorticity Development 
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下载免费PDF全文 The development of vertical vorticity under adiabatic condition is investigated by virtue of the view of potential vorticity and potential temperature (PV-θ) and from a Lagrangian perspective. A new concept of generalized slantwise vorticity development (GSVD) is introduced for adiabatic condition. The GSVD is a coordinate independent framework of vorticity development (VD), which includes slantwise vorticity development (SVD) when a particle is sliding down the concave slope or up the convex slope of a sharply tilting isentropic surface under stable or unstable condition. The SVD is a special VD for studying the severe weather systems with rapid development of vertical vorticity. In addition, the GSVD clarifies VD and SVD. The criteria for VD and SVD demonstrate that the demand for SVD is much more restricted than the demand for VD. When an air parcel is moving down the concave slope or up the convex slope of a sharply tilting isentropic surface in a stable stratified atmosphere with its stability decreasing, or in an unstable atmosphere with its stability increasing, i.e., its stability θ z approaches zero, its vertical vorticity can develop rapidly if its C D is decreasing. The theoretical results are employed to analyze a Tibetan Plateau (TP) vortex (TPV), which appeared over the TP, then slid down and moved eastward in late July 2008, resulting in heavy rainfall in Sichuan Province and along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The change of PV 2 contributed to the intensification of the TPV from 0000 to 0600 UTC 22 July 2008 when it slid upward on the upslope of the northeastern edge of the Sichuan basin, since the changes in both horizontal vorticity η s and baroclinity θ s have positive effects on the development of vertical vorticity. At 0600 UTC 22 July 2008, the criterion for SVD at 300 K isentropic surface is satisfied, meaning that SVD occurred and contributed significantly to the development of vertical vorticity. The appearance of the stronger signals concerning the VD and SVD surrounding the vortex indicates that the GSVD concept can serve as a useful tool for diagnosing the development of weather systems. 相似文献
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15.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HORIZONTAL VORTICITY INDUCED BY
VERTICAL SHEAR AND VERTICAL MOTION DURING A SQUALL LINE
PROCESS 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The horizontal vorticity equation used in this study
was obtained using the equations of motion in the pressure
coordinate system without considering friction, to reveal its
relationship with vertical shear. By diagnostically analyzing
each term in the horizontal vorticity equation during a squall
line process that occurred on 19 June 2010, we found that the
non-thermal wind term had a negative contribution to the local
change of upward movement in the low-level atmosphere, and that
its impact changed gradually from negative to positive with
altitude, which could influence upward movement in the mid- and
upper-level atmosphere greatly. The contribution of upward
vertical transport to vertical movement was the largest in the
low-level atmosphere, but had negative contribution to the
upper-level atmosphere. These features were most evident in the
development stage of the squall line. Based on analysis of
convection cells along a squall line, we found that in the
process of cell development diabatic heating caused the
subsidence of constant potential temperature surface and non-
geostrophic motion, which then triggered strong convergence of
horizontal acceleration in the mid-level atmosphere and
divergence of horizontal acceleration in the upper-level
atmosphere. These changes of horizontal wind field could cause a
counterclockwise increment of the horizontal vorticity around
the warm cell, which then generated an increase of upward
movement. This was the main reason why the non-thermal wind term
had the largest contribution to the strengthening of upward
movement in the mid- and upper-level atmosphere. The vertical
transport of large value of horizontal vorticity was the key to
trigger convection in this squall line process. 相似文献
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17.
水平涡度与夏季风环流变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在斜压涡度发展理论的基础上，讨论了大尺度大气运动中水平涡度向垂直涡度转化的情况，并用以刻划夏季风变动。将声坐标中涡度方程的有关项在2坐标中分离出水平涡度向垂直涡度转化的主要项，经尺度分析得出，在对流层中、高层，这些转化项中的水平分量是大尺度大气斜压性涡度发展的主要因子。通过对1998年4—8月的GAME(GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment，全球能量和水分循环试验(GEWEX)的子试验：亚洲季风试验，简称GAME)再分析资料进行实际计算发现，转化项在东亚夏季风上升支的600 hPa及以上层次对P坐标垂直涡度的局地变化贡献很大，不能忽略。同时发现水平涡度向垂直涡度的转化对南海季风爆发和江淮梅雨入梅及其发展过程均有指示性意义。南海季风爆发以后，在中国东南部地区，转化项的大小与夏季风的活跃和中断等活动吻合，转化项的变化反映了西太平洋副高在中国大陆的活动规律。 相似文献
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19.
对2005年"海棠"台风倒槽造成河南特大暴雨过程的湿位涡分析结果表明:倾斜涡度发展是暴雨产生和加强的重要机制之一,暴雨产生在eθ线陡立密集区内,湿位涡在这次暴雨过程中边界层内925hPa具有MPV1>0、MPV2<0的特征,此次暴雨产生在正的MPV1中心附近,有利的地形条件在一定程度上增加了降水量。 相似文献