共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
微波温度计(Microwave Temperature Sounder,MWTS)亮温资料是由观测的地球视场、冷空和暖体的计数值通过两点非线性定标方法得到,这是一种相对的定标方式。本文利用全球定位系统(Global Position System,GPS)无线电掩星资料对2010年全年MWTS亮温资料进行了两种在轨绝对定标校准。一种是计算晴空海洋上MWTS通道2~4观测亮温减去辐射传输模式(Community Radiative Transfer Model,CRTM)模拟亮温在15个不同扫描角度的统计偏差;另一种是通过线性回归获得每个扫描角度MWTS观测亮温和模拟亮温的线性关系,然后对MWTS观测亮温值进行订正。本文通过比较订正前后的MWTS亮温值减去用美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)全球预报场资料(Global Forecast System,GFS)模拟亮温的差的统计特征对以上两种定标方式的有效性进行了检验。结果表明,经过GPS无线电掩星资料对MWTS资料进行在轨绝对定标后,MWTS观测的全球偏差显著减小,标准差也有所减小,且MWTS亮温资料偏差随通道和季节的变化特征也得到有效地消除。 相似文献
2.
风云四号A星（Fengyun-4A,简称FY-4A）作为我国最新一代静止气象卫星,各方面技术指标都体现了“高、精、尖”特色,处于国际领先地位。其上搭载的多通道扫描成像辐射计（Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager,简称AGRI）较上一代静止卫星风云二号的可见光红外自旋扫描辐射仪观测精度更高、扫描时间更短,充分体现AGRI观测资料将有效提高“一带一路”沿线国家和地区的天气预报和灾害预警水平。偏差订正是卫星资料处理的重要环节之一,因此本文通过在WRFDA v3.9.1（Weather Research and Forecasting model’s Data Assimilation v3.9.1）搭建AGRI同化接口,利用RTTOV v11. 3辐射传输模式和GFS全球预报系统（Global Forecast System）分析场研究了FY-4A AGRI红外通道8～14晴空辐射率资料的偏差特征并进行偏差订正对比试验,分析了卫星天顶角对AGRI资料偏差订正的影响,为将来实现AGRI红外通道辐射率资料在中尺度模式中的同化应用奠定基础。结果表明:（1）通道8～10及14为正偏差,通道11～13为负偏差。水汽通道9和10偏差及其标准差相对较小,偏差海陆差异不明显。通道11～14探测高度较低,陆地上观测受地表发射率影响大,质量控制时可剔除这些通道陆地上的观测。（2）各通道偏差随卫星天顶角变化的拟合直线斜率都小于0.035,对比试验结果表明偏差与卫星天顶角的关系不明显,预报因子中无需考虑卫星天顶角的作用。（3）通道8及11～14的偏差随着目标亮温的变化比水汽通道9～10明显,偏差有较强的目标亮温依赖特征。（4）根据分析的偏差特征对2018年5月13日18时（协调世界时,下同）至15日18时进行变分偏差订正试验,系统性偏差得到了有效的订正。 相似文献
3.
《高原气象》2017,(5)
通过对AMDAR(Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay)温度资料进行了偏差订正来改善数值预报同化预报效果。方法是以NECP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)的GFS(Global Forecast System)的6 h预报场作为参考场来统计AM DAR观测温度减去参考场的偏差,根据飞机上升率和下降率,应用最小二乘法拟合温度资料偏差的线性回归方程,然后用回归方程结合探空资料对温度观测进行偏差订正。AMDAR资料来源是国家气象信息中心数据库,偏差统计时间为冬季(2014年12月到2015年1—2月)和夏季(2014年6—8月)。另外,应用GRAPES(Global Regional Assimilation and Prediction System)系统对订正后的AM DAR温度资料进行了1个月(2013年12月)的同化预报影响试验,结果表明,同NCEP的FNL(Final Operational Global Analysis data)资料相比,加入订正后的AMDAR温度资料可以减小高度分析场的偏差和均方根误差,尤其在平飞阶段(300~150 hPa),其偏差、均方根误差减小了2 gpm,对温度分析场的影响也有正效果,偏差和均方根误差最多减小0.15℃。高度场和温度场的预报距平相关系数在250 hPa以上也比温度资料订正前有所提高,温度场的预报时效提高了0.5天。 相似文献
4.
本研究利用WRF模式及其三维变分同化系统实现了对NOAA-16 AMSU-A微波资料的直接同化,针对2010年6月19日江西地区的一次强降水过程开展模拟与同化试验,并利用中国区域土壤湿度同化系统(CLSMDAS—China Land Soil Moisture Data Assimilation System)输出的土壤湿度值替换NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)资料中的土壤湿度,研究土壤湿度初值对辐射率资料直接同化中观测场与背景场偏差调整的影响。结果表明:采用CLSMDAS输出土壤湿度初值条件下模拟的亮温值与实际观测值更为接近,经过质量控制和偏差订正后更多的观测资料能够进入到同化系统中,说明改进的土壤湿度初值条件下观测算子的计算值得到正的调整,对低层地表通道的改进效果明显,尤其以50.3 GHz的窗区通道3的结果最为理想;针对此次强降水过程中24 h累积降水分布的模拟结果,CLSMDAS输出土壤湿度初值条件下同化AMSU-A资料,能够较为准确的把握整个雨带的走向、大雨以上级别降水的落区范围、降水中心落区及强度等。说明准确的土壤湿度初值能够改进卫星辐射率资料的同化结果,进而提高数值模式的模拟预报能力。 相似文献
5.
卫星微波仪器的辐射率资料,由于兼具卫星观测的全天空优势和微波观测的全天候特性,成为数值天气预报系统同化的日益重要的角色。微波成像仪作为被动微波辐射计的重要一类,其在数值预报中的应用潜力亟待进一步的检验和更充分的挖掘。针对全球水循环变化观测卫星GCOM-W上搭载的第2代先进微波扫描辐射计AMSR2的10个通道,建立了半径200 km的稀疏化方案;研发了包含9项检验的质量控制方案,对于污染低频通道观测的太阳耀光现象和无线电信号干扰等因素进行屏蔽;设计基于经典预报因子的偏差订正方案,对仪器系统偏差进行有效的校正;采用基于变分同化后验估计的观测误差统计,克服了观测误差难以准确估计的问题。通过以上方法,GCOM-W AMSR2共有10个通道辐射率资料在中国自主研发的全球/区域同化预报系统（CMA_GFS,原名为GRAPES_GFS）3.0版的四维变分同化系统（4DVar）中实现了直接同化应用。1个月的批量试验证明,同化GCOM-W AMSR2后,CMA_GFS湿度分析场得到了一定的改进,各量级定量降水中期预报评分有所提高,同时,GCOM-W AMSR2辐射率直接同化对CMA_GFS南半球和赤道地区预报有明显正贡献。研究证实AMSR2能够很好地弥补常规观测资料稀疏区的资料匮乏,发挥水汽敏感特性,改进湿度分析和降水预报的技巧。 相似文献
6.
利用美国NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)发展的GSI(Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation)同化系统和GSM(Global Spectral Model)全球频谱预报模式作为循环同化系统,选用2017年第13号台风为研究个例,采用全空和晴空两种同化方案对AMSU-A(The Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A)辐射率观测开展同化对比试验,并对台风"天鸽"个例进行5 d预报,研究AMSU-A全空辐射率同化对台风天鸽发展过程预报的影响。结果表明,全空同化方案相比晴空同化方案预报的台风路径、台风中心气压以及台风最大风速预报误差更小;全空同化方案对台风"天鸽"生命周期的模拟更加准确,更接近中国气象局发布的台风天鸽最佳路径的最低气压,而晴空同化方案预报的台风发展较弱,无法预报出成熟期的台风强度;全空同化方案能够增加低层通道海上厚云覆盖区域辐射率资料同化量,增幅占AMSUA同化观测总量10%,从而改进海洋区域天气系统的热力场结构。 相似文献
7.
首先统计分析了FY-3A卫星MWHS(Micro Wave Humidity Sounder,微波湿度计)2010年1月整月和8月28日—9月6日Level-1b全球观测亮度温度T_O和背景场(NCEP GFS 6 h预报场)用辐射传输模式(美国通用辐射传输模式CRTM 2.0版本)模拟的亮度温度T_B随扫描角的分布特征,发现通道3和4的观测随仪器扫描角有抖动、不连续现象。同时沿着仪器扫描线在星下点两测存在观测不对称现象,而且权重函数峰值越接近地面的通道该不对称现象越明显。在统计观测增量T_O-T_B随扫描角和纬度变化的基础上,定量给出了不同纬度带内(每隔5个纬度)MWHS通道3、4和5的扫描角偏差订正系数,该系数可直接提供给各种资料同化系统同化FY-3A MWHS资料时使用。 相似文献
8.
FY-3A微波探测资料的直接同化应用及云雨条件下的亮温模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对FY-3A星载微波垂直探测的同化应用,在扩展WRF3Dvar中FY-3A微波资料同化功能和快速辐射传输模式RTTOV微波云雨粒子散射RTTOV-SCATT模块接口的基础上,以2008年“凤凰”台风为研究对象,试验了FY-3A晴空条件下微波资料同化应用对数值预报的影响,并以此为控制试验,进一步讨论云检测方案和偏差订正调整对资料应用效果的作用。在WRF3Dvar同一框架下,使用RTTOV和CRTM云雨散射模块对云雨条件下FY-3A微波亮温进行模拟,分析云雨辐射效应对FY-3A微波温度和湿度传感器观测模拟的影响,并比较两个快速辐射传输模式结果间的异同。结果表明:本个例中FY-3A微波资料的使用对台风强度预报误差的减小比路径预报更为明显。云检测是影响卫星资料效能发挥的关键因素之一,3.0和5.0分别是MWTS和MWHS使用单窗区通道作为云检测时的合适阀值。使用FY-3A资料导出的偏差订正系数可以改善偏差订正结果,并提高预报准确率。此外,对于MWTS,通道1是受云雨粒子辐射效应影响最显著的通道,通道2同样具有明显影响。MWHS全部5个探测通道均受云雨粒子辐射效应影响,云雨条件下通道1、2的模拟偏差最大。RTTOV和CRTM的结果具有相同的统计特征,但CRTM云雨粒子辐射效应带来的偏差比RTTOV要大。 相似文献
9.
中亚地区常规气象观测稀疏，同化极轨卫星FY-3C上的微波湿度探测器-Ⅱ(MWHS-Ⅱ)辐射率资料可有效减小该地区数值预报初始场的不确定性。本研究首次在中亚快速更新多尺度资料分析和预报系统RMAPS-CA中同化了FY-3C/MWHS-Ⅱ辐射率，评估了其同化效果。研究发现：（1）单个时次冷启动的同化时间窗口内，仅约有56%的辐射率资料通过了质量控制并被RMAPS-CA同化。（2）偏差订正整体减小了各水汽通道的背景场辐射亮温偏差，最大减幅出现在通道14，达0.5 K。通道14偏差订正前的观测辐射亮温和背景场辐射亮温间存在较大偏差，是其同化应用中需要特别注意的。（3）FY-3C/MWHS-Ⅱ辐射率同化整体提高了RMAPS-CA系统对高空温度、位势高度、高空风速等的中短期预报准确率。同时，使得2米温度和10米风速的预报准确率预报均方根误差分别平均减小了0.2 K和2 m/s。其同化有效降低了小雨预报的漏报率和空报率，小雨预报的TS评分提升了16%。降低了中雨和大雨预报的漏报率，三个量级降水预报的BIAS评分分别提升了18%、38%和36%。 相似文献
10.
采用基于光谱匹配的计算方法开展红外通道模拟仿真,该方法利用高光谱大气探测仪的实际观测数据来模拟气象卫星成像仪红外通道观测目标亮温.利用高光谱大气探测仪(IASI)的实际观测数据,进行了2010年2月14日12:57(UTC)、2010年2月15日00:57(UTC)、2010年5月2日12:57(UTC)MTSAT-1R卫星成像仪(JAMI)红外通道的模拟仿真.结果显示:JAMI 4个红外通道的模拟亮温与观测亮温偏差平均值的绝对值都小于1K,模拟亮温与观测亮温的相关系数都大于0.93,表明这种基于高光谱数据的方法可用于气象卫星成像仪红外通道的模拟仿真.进而利用IASI的观测数据进行了 2010年11月6个时刻FY-2E卫星成像仪(VISSR)红外通道的模拟仿真,并将通道模拟数据与GSICS定标的观测数据以及与业务定标的观测数据相比,结果表明:2010年11月期间,FY-2E卫星成像仪IR2、IR3、IR4通道的GSICS定标比业务定标有明显的改进. 相似文献
11.
The Multivariate and Minimum Residual(MMR) cloud detection and retrieval algorithm, previously developed and tested on simulated observations and Advanced Infrared Sounder radiance, was explored and validated using various radiances from multiple sensors. For validation, the cloud retrievals were compared to independent cloud products from Cloud Sat, MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), and GOES(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites). We found good spatial agreement within a single instrument, although the cloud fraction on each pixel was estimated independently. The retrieved cloud properties showed good agreement using radiances from multiple satellites, especially for the vertically integrated cloud mask. The accuracy of the MMR scheme in detecting mid-level clouds was found to be higher than for higher and lower clouds. The accuracy in retrieving cloud top pressures and cloud profiles increased with more channels from observations. For observations with fewer channels, the MMR solution was an "overly smoothed" estimation of the true vertical profile, starting from a uniform clear guess. Additionally, the retrieval algorithm showed some meaningful skill in simulating the cloudy radiance as a linear observation operator, discriminating between numerical weather prediction(NWP) error and cloud effects. The retrieval scheme was also found to be robust when different radiative transfer models were used. The potential application of the MMR algorithm in NWP with multiple radiances is also discussed. 相似文献
12.
卫星资料提供了大量关于云和雨的观测信息,在暴雨预报中可发挥巨大的作用,然而在数值模式资料同化中的应用水平仍然不高,特别是红外辐射资料的应用。由于有云环境下辐射传输过程的模拟难度很大,因此通常只同化晴空环境下的红外辐射资料。基于GRAPES-3DVAR(Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System,全球/区域同化预报系统),根据RTTOV辐射传输模式(fast radiative transfer model for TOVS,快速辐射传输模式)的特点,增加云水含量、云冰水含量和云量作为同化系统控制变量,在改进辐射传输模式对红外资料模拟的同时,利用红外资料调整初始云参数和大气参数。针对2007年5月26日南海季风爆发后广东地区的一次暴雨过程,选取MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer,中分辨成像光谱仪)传感器水汽(第27)和云顶观测(第36)通道进行了同化试验,利用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model,天气研究和预报模式)进行了数值模拟,结果表明同化MODIS资料,可以改进初始场水汽和温度分布,间接调整高空风场,调整趋势符合卫星观测,对短时降水预报有正面影响。 相似文献
13.
Post-flight radiometric calibration of the Korean geostationary satellite COMS meteorological imager
Bo-Ra Kim Seung-Hee Ham Dohyeong Kim Byung-Ju Sohn 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2014,50(2):201-210
The first Korean geostationary satellite, the Communication, Ocean, Meteorological Satellite (COMS) carries the Meteorological Imager (MI) that measures solar radiance at 0.675 μm and infrared (IR) brightness temperatures at four spectral bands centered at 3.8, 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm. This study reports the calibration status of the COMS MI solar and four IR channels, based mainly on a comparison with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements. The results obtained from four months of COMS MI solar channel measurements demonstrate that the solar channel has a dark bias of about 9–10%. On the other hand, the four IR channels appear to be well-calibrated as evidenced by a high correlation and near-unity slope between COMS and MODIS data. Nevertheless, existing biases of tenths of a kelvin are still considered to be substantial. Overall, the interpretation of COMS-derived meteorological products should take into account some uncertainty caused by possible calibration errors. 相似文献
14.
The global model analysis has significant impact on the mesoscale model forecast as global model provides initial condition (IC) and lateral boundary conditions (LBC) for the mesoscale model. With this objective, four operational global model analyses prepared from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS), NCEP Global Forecasting System (GFS), and National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) are used daily to generate IC and LBC of the mesoscale model during 13th December 2012 to 13th January 2013. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.4, broadly used for short-range weather forecast, is adopted in this study as mesoscale model. After initial comparison of global model analyses with Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) retrieved temperature and moisture profiles, daily WRF model forecasts initialized from global model analyses are compared with in situ observations and AIRS profiles. Results demonstrated that forecasts initialized from the ECMWF analysis are closer to AIRS-retrieved profiles and in situ observations compared to other global model analyses. No major differences are occurred in the WRF model forecasts when initialized from the NCEP GDAS and GFS analyses, whereas these two analyses have different spatial resolutions and observations used for assimilation. Maximum RMSD is seen in the NCMRWF analysis-based experiments when compared with AIRS-retrieved profiles. The rainfall prediction is also improved when WRF model is initialized from the ECMWF analysis compared to the NCEP and NCMRWF analyses. 相似文献
15.
Impact of assimilating IASI radiance observations on forecasts of two tropical cyclones 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Dongmei Xu Zhiquan Liu Xiang-Yu Huang Jinzhong Min Hongli Wang 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2013,122(1-2):1-18
The impact of assimilating Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) radiance observations on the analyses and forecasts of Hurricane Maria (2011) and Typhoon Megi (2010) is assessed using Weather Research and Forecasting Data Assimilation (WRFDA). A cloud-detection scheme (McNally and Watts 2003) was implemented in WRFDA for cloud contamination detection for radiances measured by high spectral resolution infrared sounders. For both Hurricane Maria and Typhoon Megi, IASI radiances with channels around 15-μm CO2 band had consistent positive impact on the forecast skills for track, minimum sea level pressure, and maximum wind speed. For Typhoon Megi, the error reduction appeared to be more pronounced for track than for minimum sea level pressure and maximum wind. The sensitivity experiments with 6.7-μm H2O band were also conducted. The 6.7-μm band also had some positive impact on the track and minimum sea level pressure. The improvement for maximum wind speed forecasts from the 6.7-μm band was evident, especially for the first 42 h. The 15-μm band consistently improved specific humidity forecast and we found improved temperature and horizontal wind forecast on most levels. Generally, assimilating the 6.7-μm band degraded forecasts, likely indicating the inefficiency of the current WRF model and/or data assimilation system for assimilating these channels. IASI radiance assimilation apparently improved depiction of dynamic and thermodynamic vortex structures. 相似文献
16.
On the assimilation of satellite sounder data in cloudy skies in numerical weather prediction models 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Satellite measurements are an important source of global observations in support of numerical weather prediction (NWP). The assimilation of satellite radiances under clear skies has greatly improved NWP forecast scores. However, the application of radiances in cloudy skies remains a significant challenge. In order to better assimilate radiances in cloudy skies, it is very important to detect any clear field-of-view (FOV) accurately and assimilate cloudy radiances appropriately. Research progress on both clear FOV detection methodologies and cloudy radiance assimilation techniques are reviewed in this paper. Overview on approaches being implemented in the operational centers and studied by the satellite data assimilation research community is presented. Challenges and future directions for satellite sounder radiance assimilation in cloudy skies in NWP models are also discussed. 相似文献
17.
Impact of Assimilating Radiances with the WRFDA ETKF/3DVAR Hybrid System on Prediction of Two Typhoons in 2012 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 XU Dongmei HUANG Xiang-Yu WANG Hongli Arthur P. MIZZI MIN Jinzhong 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2015,29(1):28-40
The impacts of AMSU-A and IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) radiances assimila-tion on the prediction of typhoons Vicente and Saola (2012) are studied by using the ensemble transform ... 相似文献