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1.
基于偏相关的强迫因子选取方法,以长江中下游6—7月降水为例,进行了降水变率的归因分析,并建立了相应的统计降尺度模型。结果表明,影响长江中下游6—7月降水的强迫因子主要有两个:西太平洋850 h Pa的位势高度(W_(PH8))和黑潮延伸区的海表温度(K_(SST))。W_(PH8)反映的是西太平洋副热带高压对长江中下游降水的影响;K_(SST)反映了黑潮延伸区的变率。基于这两个因子的线性降尺度模型能较好地拟合长江中下游6—7月的降水,在独立检验和模式检验阶段,模型体现出了可靠性,因而可用于长江中下游降水的季节预测。 相似文献
2.
华北汛期降水分离时间尺度降尺度预测模型的改进 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文采用偏相关预报因子挑选法和条件降尺度法,对已有的华北汛期(7~8月)降水时间尺度分离(TSD)降尺度模型进行了改进.利用偏相关法,找到一个新的影响华北汛期降水年际分量的前期预报因子,即6月北大西洋—欧亚遥相关(AEAT).该因子将扰动信号储存于北大西洋三极子结构,并在7~8月释放出来影响下游贝加尔湖低压系统的发展,从而影响华北汛期降水.利用6月Ni?o3指数和AEAT指数,本文建立了条件TSD统计降尺度模型,即按照预报因子的强度进行逐年分类,对于每个分类设计相应的预报模型,从而避免信息较弱因子的干扰.条件TSD降尺度方法显著改善了华北汛期降水的预测技巧,在独立检验阶段,预报降水与观测降水的相关系数由原模型的0.61提高到0.77,符号一致率从70%提高到87%. 相似文献
3.
一种分离时间尺度的统计降尺度模型的建立和应用——以华北汛期降水为例 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
针对预报量变化中存在受不同物理因子控制的不同时间尺度变率特征, 本文提出了分离时间尺度的统计降尺度模型。应用滤波方法, 将不同尺度的变率分量分开, 在各自对应的时间尺度上利用不同的大尺度气候因子分别建立降尺度模型。华北汛期 (7～8月) 降水具有年际变率和年代际变率, 本文以华北汛期降水为例利用分离时间尺度的统计降尺度模型进行预测研究。采用的预报因子来自海平面气压场、 500 hPa位势高度场、 850 hPa经向风场和海表温度场以及一些已知的大尺度气候指数。利用基于交叉检验的逐步回归法建立模型。结果表明, 年际尺度上, 华北汛期降水与前期6月赤道中东太平洋海温以及同期中国东部的低层经向风密切相关; 年代际尺度上, 在东印度洋—西太平洋暖池海温的作用下, 华北降水与前期6月西南印度洋海平面气压有同步变化关系。年际模型和年代际模型的结果相加得到对总降水量的降尺度结果。1991～2008年的独立检验中, 模型估计的降水和观测降水的相关系数是0.82, 平均均方根误差是14.8%。结合模式的回报资料, 利用降尺度模型对1991～2001年的华北汛期降水进行回报试验。相比于模式直接预测的降水, 降尺度模型预测的结果有明显改进。改进了模式预测中年际变率过小的问题, 与观测降水的相关系数由0.12提高到0.45。 相似文献
4.
基于月动力延伸预报最优信息的中国降水降尺度预测模型 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用国家气候中心月动力延伸预报结果、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和中国160个站观测资料,通过计算两次相关的方法,获取最优预报信息作为建立降尺度预测模型的预测因子,提取的最优预测因子同时满足既是观测环流要素场影响降水的关键区域,又是模式要素场预报的高技巧区域两个条件.结合挑选出的最优预测因子,利用最优子集回归建立月平均降水的降尺度预测模型.文中设计了消除预测因子和预测量的线性趋势值后建立预测模型(方案1)和直接利用原始资料建立预测模型(方案2)两种方案.经过独立样本检验,发现这两种方案建立的预测模型都能够提高月尺度降水预测,方案1对月尺度降水预测的距平相关系数平均可达0.35.利用该方案对超前时间分别为0、5、10 d的月动力延伸预报产品进行月降水的降尺度预测表明,模式初值信息不仅影响月动力延伸预报结果,也影响降尺度应用效果,利用超前时间为0和5 d的月动力延伸预报结果进行降水降尺度预测可在业务中参考.此外,降尺度预测模型中选取的预测因子不仪在统计上是显著的,同时也具有清楚的物理意义. 相似文献
5.
利用逐日气温和降水资料,对江西省永修地区1961—2015年盛夏(7—8月)气温和汛期(4—6月)降水的变化规律进行分析。结果表明,永修地区盛夏气温和汛期降水均存在25—30 a的变化周期,但在全球变暖的大背景下,两者自1961年以后均未表现出明显的长期变化趋势。通过相关性分析从大气环流指数和外强迫指数中筛选影响永修地区降水和气温的显著相关因子,并采用逐步回归法构建永修地区盛夏气温预测模型和汛期降水预测模型。模拟和预测试验结果表明,气温、降水预测模型不仅能较好地模拟出1961—2010年永修地区盛夏气温和汛期降水的变化,还能很好地分别预报出2011—2015年永修地区盛夏气温和汛期降水。 相似文献
6.
利用1961—2021年汛期（4—6月）江西省83个气象站点的逐日降水序列资料,计算了江西省汛期候尺度降水集中度（PCD）和集中期（PCP）,运用合成分析、趋势分析方法分析了江西省汛期降水的不均匀特征。结果表明：江西省PCD的变化区间为0.12—0.43,PCP的变化区间为5月第1候至6月第5候,说明江西省汛期降水较为均匀,但近年来降水有更集中的趋势。在空间分布上,赣南南部和赣北东部降水较为集中,降水集中期自南向北逐渐推迟,主要出现在6月中下旬。从变化趋势来看,PCP在赣南南部和赣中东部为偏早趋势,赣中北部和赣北地区有偏晚的趋势,PCD的趋势并不明显。多雨年PCD大值区主要在赣中地区,最大降水出现在6月;少雨年PCD大值区在赣北中南部和赣南东部地区,最大降水出现在5月。 相似文献
7.
基于1961-2015年上海降水观测数据和8个全球气候模式GCMs模拟的日降水量数据,采用累计概率分布函数构建转换模型CDF-T建立了站点尺度日降水量的统计降尺度模型。结果表明,降尺度模型显著改善了GCMs对降水日数偏多、降水强度偏低和降水量偏少的模拟结果。与利用全年日降水序列建模结果相比,利用汛期日降水序列建模更好地刻画了汛期降水的累计概率分布曲线,同时提高了汛期总降水量、降水强度和年平均暴雨日数、暴雨量、暴雨强度的均值和变化趋势的降尺度效果。模型对较长年份的暴雨重现期订正效果更佳。与当代(2006-2015年)气候相比,2016-2095年上海降水呈现以下特征:全年和汛期总降水量和降水强度增加,降水日数减少,未来可能出现更多的旱涝年;汛期降水极端性增强,暴雨降水均值和极端值均增加;50年以上重现期的年最大日降水量未来呈前40年减少后40年增加的变化。CDF-T模型为站点尺度气候变化影响评估和未来预估提供降尺度技术和基础气候数据。 相似文献
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9.
BP-CCA方法用于四川盆地夏季日降水量的可预报性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于BP-CCA方法,首先讨论了多个因子对四川盆地夏季降水降尺度模型的可预报性,然后选取最佳预报因子并进行集合,最终基于T639模式建立最优多因子降尺度预报模型.结果表明,分别以东亚夏季10m纬向风、700hPa纬向风和700hPa相对湿度为预报因子的降尺度模型对四川盆地夏季降水的预报技巧较高,而将三个因子集合的多因子降尺度预报模型具有更好的预报能力.进一步将该方法应用于T639模式预报的预报因子场,发现多因子降尺度模型对降水的预报效果要优于T639模式直接输出的结果. 相似文献
10.
利用集合经验模态分解EEMD方法分析了滁州地区汛期雨量的多尺度时间变化特征,以国家气候中心的百余项环流指数作为预报因子并利用主成分分析进行预测因子优化,在此基础上建立基于GA-BP神经网络的汛期雨量气候预测模型,研究结果表明:该地区1961—2017年汛期雨量存在准2 a、4 a的年际尺度及准11 a、16 a的年代际尺度周期变化特征,总体趋势在20世纪80年代之前、20世纪80年代—21世纪及21世纪以来3个时段分别对应增多—减少—增多的趋势;基于GA-BP神经网络的两种方案对滁州地区7个站的预测误差分别为122 mm和144 mm,其中利用主成分分析进行因子优化的方案预测效果更好。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献